FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Contents 1 Equity Research - Contents Global Equity research Economic Outlook 1st half 2000 - a brief review 2000 Outlook - 2nd half USA Europe Japan The Long Term View : A changed economic landscape Investment Outlook Our Investment Process Macroeconomic Outlook Investment Environment Investor Behavior Valuation Investment Themes Investment Strategy Sector Fundamentals Sector Allocation Core List Advisor to ZT- Zurich Trust Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Economic Outlook 1st half 2000 a brief review After an exceptional 1999, driven by technology stocks, 2000 opened with a boom, as technology again took the lead and roared off to a 25% gain by early march. As we expected however (see January 2000 outlook) the party was not to last. Having gotten slightly ahead of itself, the market reacted violently to fears of inflation, Fed tightening and over-valuation. These fears, and subsequent monetary tightening sparked a technology sector rout which lasted into June and sent investors reeling. The NASDAQ fell nearly 40% from its peak. The hardest hit were the internet pure play stocks (with many falling to 10% of their precrash values) whose growth and future promise provided little in the way of support to a market tired of the profitless business model. Blue chip stocks held up the best, as their cash flows and proven business models provided a baseline for investors to cling to in rough waters. As an example, pharmaceutical companies, which after 18 dismal months finally rebounded and outperformed significantly in the second quarter. After falling precipitously during the first two months, deep cyclical and chemical stocks rose as much as 20% in the March/April period (although they remain negative for the year). Global Equity research In May technology stocks bottomed and started a slow recovery, which is now being tested, and the old economy stocks for the most part slipped back into their under-perform mode. This pattern has become commonplace recently, as investors rotate into the “old economy” (both cyclical and pharmaceutical stocks) during each tech correction. 2 As a result of these wild swings the first half of 2000 was a difficult one for most money managers. Fear of inflation, interest rate rises, outlandish valuations and growing anxiety over a slowdown all contributed to the challenge. As of July, technology stocks are still lagging the broader S&P while energy, health care, financial and consumer non-durable sectors have outperformed. Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 2000 Outlook - 2nd half Economic Growth - lowering expectations... While the growth in the US economy in 1999 was beyond all expectations, it was not based upon normal economic conditions. This time around, the cycle was impacted by the force of a technological revolution combined with the Y2K phenomenon. Residential Fixed Investment % Change annual In what was the ninth year of this unprecedented cycle of growth, the consumer was conspicuously absent. As non residential investments remained strong throughout the year, spiking in early 2000, residential investments faltered. Even retail spending, while at historically high levels appeared to peak in early 1999. The growth in the economy in the final quarters of 1999 and early 2000 was fueled by massive spending on the part of corporate America in Information Technology and less so by the American consumer. Part of this spending (the Y2K expense) has now disappeared, and that will likely have an impact on growth going forward. Moreover, real earnings growth peaked approximately 24 months ago and as rates have risen the real estate market has clearly fallen off (see graphs). Non-Res. Fixed Investment % Change annual US GDP growth is based upon the sum of consumer, government and corporate spending and net exports, with the consumer making up approximately 60% of the total. Going forward we believe that the consumer sector will remain weak - especially in high ticket consumer durable area - and will certainly not offset any slack in corporate spending. In short, a subdued consumer combined with a moderate slowdown in corporate spending will contribute to a slow down in US growth rates to well below 1999 levels. Real Earning 4% 12 month % Change 3% 2% 1% 0% -1% Global Equity research -2% 3 1050 We believe that investors will take some time to adjust to the new levels of growth and in some sectors the transition could be a painful one. This transition should bring with it increased volatility as investors are faced with increasing uncertainty. New House Starts 950 850 750 650 550 450 350 Jan-90 Jan-92 Jan-94 Jan-96 Jan-98 Jan-00 Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 USA The Economy 2000 Stock Index Performance* DOW JONES -8.48% S&P 500 -2.61% NASDAQ -7.43% *in local currency, to July 31, 2000 NASDAQ vs. S &P 500 2000 Sharp decline in money supply should limit GDP growth over the coming months. We expect a moderate slowdown for the economy, but believe that growth will remain above the long term average. The rise in interest rates has put considerable pressure on second tier company profitability, as evidenced by the widening credit spread. Rising interest rates has also weakened the housing market and caused consumer demand to moderate slightly. Business investment remains high, while investment in IT continues to top the list (see chart pg.3). Inflation risk reduced, as leading indicators appear to have peaked, along with potential peak (likely in the second half of 2000) in oil and commodity prices. The Market 14% Money Supply (US) 12% 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% Global Equity research -4% 4 12% 8% 4% 0% Real interest rates (US) Earnings outlook remains good, but comparisons become unfavorable as growth in earnings begins to slow. Valuations have become more reasonable across the board, yet earnings revisions have peaked so we look for more normal market returns going forward. Inverted yield curve and corporate spread indicate lowered inflation/growth expectations. Rate hikes probably behind us bode well for the market in the second half. Sector rotation remains an issue, however we maintain our view that high quality growth companies in select sectors will continue to out-perform. Historically presidential election years have been positive ones for the markets and we expect that their impact this year could offset earnings/growth worries until Q1 2001. -4% Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Europe The Economy 2000 Stock Index Performance* CAC 40 9.80% SMI 10.01% DAX 3.34% FTSE -8.1% *in Euro to July 31, 2000 CAC, SMI, DAX 2000 CAC, SMI, DAX 2000 280 260 Global Equity research 240 5 CRB Index Moderate slowdown in US economy, combined with continued rise in Euroland interest rates, should work to slow progression in EU growth. Energy price rises and weak Euro place pressure on consumer prices, while wages and input prices put pressure on corporate profitability. Business investment remains high, while investment in IT continues to top the list. Unemployment continues its downward pace, giving end demand in Europe some support. The Market As rates rise and margins begin to show strain, earnings outlook begins to deteriorate in early 2001. Valuations remain high in certain markets and correction appears more likely as the year draws to a close. Continued rate hikes keep short term paper more attractive than bonds. Rates will likely peak out by early 2001, at which time longer term bonds should be favoured. 220 200 180 160 Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Japan The Economy 2000 Stock Index Performance* Nikkei -17.24% Topix -15.39% *in Yen to July 31 Corporate earnings continue to rise, as economy maintains slow climb out of recession. Corporate Investment remains the main driver of the economic recovery. Key concern is the state of Japanese government budget and its ability to pay for programs initiated to spur demand. Unemployment has bottomed, setting the stage for a consumer recovery beginning near the end of 2000. The end of the Zero interest rate policy signals confidence in the Japanese economic recovery. Consumer spending continues to lag investment spending through out the year. Nikkei vs. Topix 2000 Global Equity research The Market 6 Corporate restructuring no longer the watchword, earnings, growth and management become key in stock selection With interest rates on the rise, some Japanese investors (traditionally very conservative) may choose to remain in interest bearing accounts thus giving less impetus to domestic equity investment. Heavy IPO schedule and low volumes (lack of domestic investors) may keep lid on the Nikkei until the end of the year. Market valuation has entered more reasonable levels, as earnings begin to rise. Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 The Long Term View A changed economic landscape The muted business cycle - short and shallow… US Inventories to Sales Ratio 1991 to 2000 Although many factors have contributed to the recessionary cycle historically, none have had more impact than inventory adjustments. In post war years, all recessions have been accompanied by an inventory correction. Inventories are built for one of two reasons voluntarily in periods of high inflation and involuntarily when inefficiencies in the production chain or poor information regarding final demand leave unsold goods at all levels of the chain. The advent of drastically improved communications and inventory management technology has led to a significant reduction in inventory levels in the US economy. This decrease has been accompanied by general stability in prices, but has also allowed the supply chain to carry less slack, become more dynamic and allow for better product management. US Industrial Production 9% YoY change % 7% 5% 3% 1% -1% We believe that this improvement in business methods has created an environment of muted business cycles. That is to say that fluctuation in growth will be far smaller in the years to come and recessions will be of shorter duration (the chart on the left illustrates this trend as production corrections have certainly been shorter and less violent than in times past). -3% -5% US Productivity In the future, advances in productivity combined with new efficiencies in inventory management, should work to reduce the volatility in GDP growth. While we expect the future level of growth to be lower than in 1999, we also expect it to be more predictable which should be positive for the overall markets. per hours worked U.S. Business Cycle Expansions and Contractions Global Equity research Post WW-II Period 7 Trough Peak Oct-45 Nov-48 Oct-49 Jul-53 May-54 Aug-57 Apr-58 Apr-60 Feb-61 Dec-69 Nov-70 Nov-73 Mar-75 Jan-80 Jul-80 Jul-81 Nov-82 Jul-90 Mar-91 Avg. ‘45-’00 (9 cycles) Contraction Expansion 8 11 10 8 10 11 16 6 16 8 11 37 45 39 24 106 36 58 12 92 124* 50 * Current Cycle to July 31, 2000 Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Central Banking - all bark and no bite?… But if the cycle becomes shorter, with say 6 to 9 month recessions and longer expansionary periods, what implication does this have for central banks? Given that any round of tightening generally has no effect for 9 to 12 months and that corporate spreads, established by the market tend to lead fed rate hikes, does the fed serve a true purpose. We believe that central bank impact has been greatly diminished in the overall trend of the economy. The key function today is not controlling rates in the event of a predicted recession, but rather managing money supply to prevent liquidity driven crises. Technology % of Non Residential Fixed Investment 49% A rising tide no more… 47% 45% The impact of the muted business cycle and slower growth going forward will make it necessary to focus on the stocks whose long term growth is more predictable. 43% 41% 39% 37% 35% 98 Q1 99 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 00 Q2 While we are aware of the sell on the news mentality and the disdain most investors have for 10% growth companies (as opposed to rising technology stars posting 50%+), some of these traditional stocks will once again become attractive. Personal Income 10% In the past, the rising tide lifted all boats - yachts and skiffs alike. Going forward, investors will be forced to select companies positioned in the right current if they are to enjoy the returns to which they have become accustomed. 1991 to 2000 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Global Equity research Jul-91 8 Jul-93 Jul-95 Jul-97 Jul-99 What impact might this have on some of the sectors we follow? The muted business cycle certainly will go a long way to help the leaders in global industrial sectors as they will enjoy more predictable and stable growth. In addition the technology build out, while no longer supported by the Y2K phenomenon, continues to be strong. In an effort to preserve those productivity gains most companies remain committed to technology investment, as witnessed by the importance of technology to fixed investment spending (see chart on this page). Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Investment Outlook: Our Investment Process Once we have established our global macro outlook we need to translate this into a model of the investment environment and simulate the behavior of the financial markets as time goes by and as information flows, taking into account: •The impact of information on investor psychology •How will the investor react to a given scenario? •Will he look past the economic downturn (the valley) and invest in the future? •The depth and length of the economic cycle which differ between countries markets and industries. •What impact does our outlook have on perceived valuations? With this model in mind we can mold a set of investment themes, which will guide our sector choices. These decisions take into account the above as well as fundamental business impact, market trends and sector growth. Finally we apply our stock selection process to identify the best companies in those sectors. Macro - Economic Outlook 9 GROWTH Global Equity research Investment Environment Investment Themes Investment Strategy Sector Fundamentals Sector Allocation Stock Selection Core Holdings Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. •Our Long term Scenario •Global •Regional •Linking Macro to stock markets •Investor behavior •Cycle Depth/Length •Over the valley •Valuation •Linking market outlook to Trends •Regional Growth •Sector outlooks •Valuation •Linking Trends to Sectors •Investor Confidence •Valuation •Past the Valley - cyclical impact •Linking Sectors to Companies •Management •Leadership •Quality •Growth July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Macro Economic Outlook Our long term scenario The Fed succeeds in prompting a soft landing, and the economy rebounds in late 2001/early 2002 as central banks begin to loosen monetary policy. European economies lag US trends by one to two quarters and we expect the same for the coming slowdown and as such see a slowdown in Europe developing in the mid 2001, likely followed by an upturn into late 2002. The Japanese economy continues its slow climb out of recession, peaking in mid 2002 along with the peak in the US economic cycle. US growth will bottom at 2.5-3% and peak in 2002 at a much lower rate than 1999. Secular global growth will trend down to historic levels. The Economic Cycle USA Europe 9% Japan 6% Global Equity research 3% 1 0% Dec 99 June 00 Dec 01 Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. June 02 July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Investment Environment Investor Behavior Under certain circumstances investors will be willing to look over the valley and disregard a forthcoming slowdown. The degree to which they will anticipate and discount the future depends upon a number of factors Anticipated length of the cycle Anticipated depth of the cycle Valuation (investors will place a floor on prices) Investor confidence in consensus numbers. The market tends to react ahead of the economic indicators. The lag between business fundamentals improvement and market movement can be anywhere from 3 to 9 months As shown in the table (pg.8) outlining the business cycle peaks and troughs, the average deceleration period is 11 months (having been as short at 6mths - 1980-81) We believe that this slowdown will be a short one, lasting between six and 9 months and will be one of slowing growth rather than outright contraction. Investors will be attracted to valuations in various sectors and supported by the relative moderation of this cycle will remain positive on the investment outlook as a whole. Relative fundamental performance and a classic business cycle Consumer Discretionary Consumer Durables Capital Goods Energy Global Equity research Chemicals 1 Financials Consumer Staples Pharma Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Valuation Regional Valuation EU earnings growth will slow into 2001… Regional valuations PE ‘01 Europe France Germany UK Switz. Sweden Italy Holland EPS Growth ‘00 ‘01 Rising interest rates, a cyclical slowing in the US work to decrease earnings growth in Europe in 2001. Moreover, the acceleration of growth in Europe in 1999 and 2000 brought an acceleration in earnings growth to making future profit growth comparisons more difficult for 2001. Making European stocks expensive... 22x 21% 13% 30 18 22 19 21 18 16 25 25 12 15 18 27 19 14 19 10 11 13 13 12 France, Italy and the Scandinavian markets all appear to be the most at risk of correction into 2001, as they will experience the most pronounced growth reductions and remain relatively expensive. The more defensive German, Swiss and Benelux markets hold out the most potential in the expected market slowdown And the US follows its lead… Japan 55 13 16 USA 25 17 12 Est. from Morgan Stanley Dean Witter research After seven rate hikes the specter of slowing US growth is now upon us and while 2000 has thus far been a banner year for earnings growth, it has made for some tough comparisons. We expect that earnings revisions going forward will be to the downside, and that after the euphoria of the presidential elections is behind us, a premium will be paid for stable growth. Global Equity research But Valuation has leveled off... 1 But outside of the technology sectors, valuations have come down to relatively reasonable levels. We believe that the US market is trading near fair value levels, and that any broad market sell off would be short lived. While Japanese consumption appears to have bottomed…. The most recent Tankan survey, as well as various leading indicators appear to indicate that unemployment has leveled off, and that consumer confidence is beginning to rise. While most retailers have not yet felt the effects, we believe that the bottom in the consumer market (as we outlined in January) is now being reached. Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 And Earnings are set to resume normalized growth patterns…. Japanese companies after a nine year slump, have realized significant operating earnings growth in 2000 and we now expect that normalized earnings growth can be expected. Growth Revisions Jan ‘00 % Integrated Oils 10 Oil Services 33 Basic Materials 33 Technology 31 Telecomm 16 Healthcare 14 Industrials 13 Consumer staples 13 Finance 11 Utilities 10 Consumer Durables 4 Aug Est ‘00 ‘01 % % 10 1 88 90 29 23 35 23 6.9 24 14 16 13 15 10 13 10 12 12 10 10 10 *I/B/E/S Estimates for 1999/2000 Valuation by Sector Global Equity research Sector 1 Oil Services Integrated Oils Basic Mat. Technology Transportation Telecoms Healthcare Capital Goods Consumer Stpl. Finance Utilities Consumer Cyc. 1999 PE 60 10 19 54 14 28 38 27 30 18 18 17 4yr Avg 30 15 27 32 16 30 35 26 34 17 17 20 Sector Valuation Where are the profits? As is evident from the charts below, both the technology and Oil services sectors enjoyed the strongest earnings growth revisions in the market. We believe that the easy money in these sectors has now been made, as upward revisioning has probably reached its peak. Sectors where earnings growth is accelerating include industrials, healthcare, consumer staples, and financials. With the exception of the industrial group (which include many companies with Emerging market exposure), these represent the more defensive sectors of the market. In regard to valuations, all of the sectors are trading near to or above their 4 year moving averages, with the notable exception of basic materials - whose forward looking earnings outlook has been steadily deteriorating - and consumer staples, where stock prices have begun to move up. We view this as a sign that the market, as previously mentioned, is fairly valued at these levels, and that stock selection therefore is of the utmost importance. *Bloomberg L.P., based upon current year’s earnings Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Investment Themes Capital Investment & Restructuring: Growth & Technology At FFG our investment focus is based on growth. We search out those stocks and sectors that will maintain sufficient growth over the long term to outperform the market. This philosophy has lead us to focus upon a number of sectors most notably of which is technology. Global industrial growth encourages capital investment and favours European and Japanese cyclical companies (ABB, Holderbank, Kaneka) where economies have not yet peaked. We think that US industrials (3M, Dupont) will begin to look attractive in the months to come, as valuations should bottom and investors look over the valley. Strong Asian economies, continued EU growth and higher energy prices support further rise in oil stocks (although we will look to sell these companies in early 2001). Continued restructuring and focus of companies on core business support further gains in business services/outsourcing companies. Global Growth: At this stage of the cycle global growth favours global companies such as Heineken, McDonalds, Nestle. Mixed bag of growth places focus on regional differences. In the consumer sector - Rotation from staples to discretionary then to durables as the cycle plays out. In the Asian & Latin America markets where growth is accelerating we focus on luxury goods and global industrials. In Europe consumer and industrials should outperform. In the US we avoid consumer discretionary and durables for now and look to accumulate in early 2001. Global Equity research Technology, & Life Sciences Growth: 1 Capital Investment continues to favour IT spending (see chart pg.5) Secular build out in communications industry far from over Internet revolution continue to dominate trends. Aging population and medical technology advances spur life sciences growth. The deceleration of S&P earnings provides support for the pharma group. Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Investment Strategy Sector Fundamentals (Recessionary Phase) Slowing US economy into 2001: The Business Cycle While the study of the business cycle aids in the development of an investment outlook, caution is required. Rarely does a cycle repeat itself exactly, and its impact on broad sectors is difficult to pinpoint. This study therefore acts as general guidelines for such analysis. Short term rates (US) have peaked and should start going down. Fundamental business impact across the board is negative. Cyclical- Fixed cost industries suffer most in this period i.e.. Consumer Durable, Housing, Capital goods. Due to rising cost of capital and the invariability of their cost base (Trough) Bottoming out of slowdown in Mid/late 2001: As trough is reached, consumers feel more comfortable in their economic future and begin to make more discretionary purchases. When interest rates bottom businesses see opportunity to begin expansion anew. Fundamental business impact is positive for Consumer discretionary (retailers) and certain Financials (Lending banks). Re-acceleration of growth in late 2001: As the economy begins to re-accelerate, firms that reduced inventories during recessions must increase production, resulting in an improved outlook for both employees and business. Consumers, spurred by low interest rates and increased confidence, begin to consider purchase of larger ticket items. Fundamental business impact positive for Consumer durables, industrials and capital goods Confirmed growth pattern 2001/2002 Having reached maximum capacity companies are obliged to increase capital expenditure to meet new increased demand. Increased economic activity begins to have impact on demand for commodity goods and deep cyclical products. Fundamental business impact is positive for chemicals (late stage cyclicals) and energy. Relative fundamental performance and a classic business cycle Global Equity research Consumer Staples 1 Capital Goods Energy Consumer Discretionary Financials Consumer Durables Pharma Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Sector Allocation Technology 28% Why Technology: •Competitive Pressures •Capital Investment acceleration •Solid EPS Growth Focus on: •Software •Internet Infrastructure •Broadband Communications •Risks: •Semiconductors - look for top in mid 2001 •Wireless - could see short term weakness in sector before 3rd generation build out begins. •Valuation Life Sciences 15% Why Life Sciences: •Earnings to outperform broader market •Aging population •Technology enhanced productivity •Consolidation potential •Genome advances creating new product cycle in biotech Global Equity research Focus on: 1 •Biotech •Cash rich Pharma •Mid sized take out targets •Accelerating EPS with limited patent Expiry •Risks: •Political fallout from a Democratic Presidential victory •Generic drug competition •Medicare reform Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Financials 20% Why Financials: •End of interest rate hikes in the US •Sector Consolidation •Recovery of insurance sector •Emerging market recovery •Cost cutting potential Focus on: •Asset Management •Internet Strategy •Global reach •Brokers and European take out candidates •Insurance (Glass Steagal) •Risks: •Economic downturn more severe than expected - increasing loan risk •Financial market weakness may hurt investment gains •Lending volumes may peak with economic growth •Trading income slows with equity markets •Tech driven M&A activity slows in US in 2001 due to new regulations. Consumer 15% Why Consumer: •US slowing favors defensive US names •European growth and confidence still intact •Positive correlation to rising incomes •Emerging market recovery •Historical valuation discount Global Equity research Focus on: 1 •Internet strategy •European consumption •Luxury •Global Brands & Global Reach in distribution •Media & Advertising •Risks: •Asian recovery slows •European slowdown arrive more quickly than expected Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Cyclical/Industrial 22% Why Cyclicals: •Investors will look past the short slowdown in US •Emerging market recovery •Oil price recovery •Increased oil E&P activity (benefits services, engineering & construction firms) •Capital Investment acceleration •Solid EPS Growth Focus on: •Infrastructure •Business Services •Energy - Look to reduce in early 2001 •Basic Materials •Value Added Chemicals •Risks: Global Equity research •Valley is longer than expected •Emerging market slowdown •Oil price weakness 1 Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000 FORUM FINANCE GROUP S.A FFG Investment Perspectives 2000 Core List Technology 40% •Intel •Cisco Systems •Sun Microsystems •EMC •ST Microelectronics •Texas Instruments •Nortel Cyclical/Industrial 20% •AOL •Microsoft •Oracle •Nokia •Alcatel •Lucent •Kyocera •ABB •General Electric •Elf Total Fina •Royal Dutch •Schlumberger Life Sciences 15% Financials 15% •Roche •Aventis •Novartis •Pfizer •Pharmacia •Yamanouchi •Credit Suisse •Citigroup •Zurich Allied •Nomura •Kaneka •3M •Fanuc •Adecco Global Equity research Consumer 10% 1 •Sony •Walt Disney •Nestle •Carrefour •LVMH •Jusco Copyright Forum Finance Group S.A. July/August 2000