Unit 6 Review & Continuation
• This review will help you remember what
you learned about the Middle East,
Southwest Asia and Egypt.
• It will cover the region, the countries, and
the major landforms.
• It will also review the major religions,
historical & current events.
• If time permits, it will introduce new material.
MEP
Northern
North/South
Hemispheres
Hemisphere
Equator
Southern
Hemisphere
MEP
East/West Hemispheres
Western
Hemispher
e
Eastern
Hemispher
e
Prime Meridian
MEP
Middle East, Southwest Asia and Egypt
What region are we studying?
MEP
The countries are….
Syria
16
Iraq
15
Afghanistan
14
Turkey
1
Lebanon
2
Iran
13
Israel
3
Kuwait
12
Jordan
4
Countries
Bahrain
11
Qatar
10
Egypt
5
Saudi6Arabia
7
Yemen
Oman
8
United
9 Arab
Emirates
MEP
The waterways are…
Black1Sea
Caspian
15 Sea
Euphrates
River
14
Tigris13
River
Mediterranean
2
Sea
Shat al12
Arab
Dead3Sea
11Gulf
Persian
Strait of 10
Hormuz
4
Gulf of Suez
Nile River
5
Gulf of Oman
9
Red 6
Sea
Gulf of 7
Aden
Arabian
8 Sea
MEP
Middle
East
Map
MEP
Sahara facts:
•
•
•
•
•
“Sahara” means “desert”
2nd largest desert in the world
Hottest desert in the world
Almost same size as continental U.S.
25% is covered with sand
MEP
The Sahara
Sahara Map: Satellite
Answer
What
What
What
these
isis “desertification”?
anis“oasis”?
questions…
a “wadi”?
MEP
What mountains?
Zagros
Mountains
Arabian Desert
What
Rub al
desert?
Khali
. . MEP
The Persian Gulf
What
is this?
Strait strait
of Hormuz
.
MEP
U.A.E.
United Arab Emirates
MEP
Qatar & Bahrain: Satellite
Bahrain
Qatar
..
MEP
Kuwait
MEP
Sinai: Satellite
MEP
Jordan River
Dead Sea: Satellite
The Dead Sea
•
•
•
•
2nd Saltiest body of water
1300’ below sea level
Fed by Jordan River
Part of Great Rift Valley
......
MEP
Black Sea: Satellite
The Black Sea
MEP
Caspian Sea
MEP
Bosporus Strait
Istanbul, Turkey
.
MEP
Turkey: Satellite
The
Mountains!!
WhatTaurus
are these
mountains?
...
MEP
Turkey Snow: Satellite
MEP
What Sea
sea?
Black
Marmara: Satellite
One more chance…
What’s this strait?
Dardanelles
Bosporus
Strait
Alright…for
a “Smartie”:
What strait is this?
Sea
Okay…what
of Marmara
sea?
Aegean
What
Sea
sea?
. . . . . MEP
Mt. Ararat & Little Ararat
Mount Ararat
Little Ararat
MEP
Can you name these places….?
Sinai
&
Near
East
Satellite
Mediterranean Sea
1
7
Dead Sea
Suez Canal
6
Nile River
Gulf of Suez
2
5
4
Gulf of Aqaba
3
Red Sea
MEP
Nile: Satellite
The Nile River….lifeblood of Egypt
.
MEP
Blue & White Nile: Map
.
MEP
Muslim Distribution
MEP
Oases
Small Oasis: 400 yards by 1 mile.
Large Oasis: 12 miles by 50 miles!
MEP
Wadi
Wadi: A dry, riverbed that fills after rain.
MEP
Aral Sea
The
Aral Sea
MEP
The death of a sea…
Aral Sea
(Lake)
….once the 4th largest lake in the world in 1957…
MEP
The Aral Sea…why is it dying?
1982
Biological weapons facility.
2003
....
MEP
Dead Sea Salt
MEP
Desertification is…
• Turning productive land into unproductive land.
• Caused by…
- Overgrazing of livestock
- Excessive cultivation of crops
- Poor water management
- Overpopulation
• Examples:
• The “Dust Bowl” in the U.S. during the 1930’s
• The Aral Sea
• Rural China
MEP
The U.S. Great Plains during the 1930’s…
The Dust Bowl
MEP
Aswan High Dam 3
MEP
Aswan High Dam 2
MEP
Aswan & Egypt Map
MEP
Aswan High Dam: The Good & the Bad
Pros:
• Hydroelectric power (15% of Egyptian needs)
• Prevents floods (floods occurred every year)
• Provide water for agriculture
Cons:
• Reduced water flow = more salt in river
• Nutrients stopped at the dam
– Poor soil along the lower Nile = more
fertilizers = contamination
– Poor fishing in the Mediterranean
.....
MEP
Cairo
End of Part I
MEP
Ancient Egypt
• One of the great civilizations and one of
the 5 “cultural hearths”.
• Recorded history from 5000 BC
• Home of the Great Pyramids & the
Sphinx
MEP
Map of Ancient Egypt & the Nile
2
1
The Nile
4
3
MEP
What were the rulers of
Egypt called?
Pharaohs
Pharaoh is Greek for “great house” which meant
the temple and the ruler inside.
MEP
The Pharaohs:
More than 170 rulers of Egypt for over 3000 years.
Amenhotep III: Ruled for 39 years (died at age 50).
Akhenaten: Son of Amenhotep III. Told his people
only he would talk to God. Kicked out the priests.
King Tut: The boy king and son of Akhenaten.
Became pharaoh at age 8 or 9. Died at 18 or 19.
Married with 2 still-born children.
Cleopatra: The last Pharaoh: she was the famous
Queen that loved a Roman General: Mark Antony (he
killed himself when he heard (falsely) that Cleopatra
was dead. Cleopatra then killed herself by a snake
bite).
Khufu: (Cheops) Built the biggest pyramid.
Ramses II: The warrior-king. Became pharaoh at
age 20 and ruled for 67 years.
MEP
King Tut’s death mask
MEP
King Tut’s coffin….solid gold.
MEP
King Tut wrapped up
MEP
King Tut unwrapped
MEP
King Tut’s chair….covered with gold.
Shows a picture of him and his wife.
Pyramids
MEP
The Great Pyramid of Cheops
Cheops Pyramid 1
MEP
Cheops 2
• Built for Cheops…ruler
of Egypt in 2500 B.C. (Ruled
for only 23 years)
• 480 feet high
• 6.8 million tons of
limestone (2 million blocks)
• Originally flat with white sides!
• Built by skilled workers
as part of their “taxes”
• Construction took 80 years
• Each side faces a cardinal
direction (North, South, etc.)
MEP
Sphinx & Pyramid 1
MEP
Sphinx & Pyramid 2
Egyptians believed the sphinx guarded
the temple gates and the “underworld”.
MEP
Sphinx & Pyramid 3
MEP
AbuSimbel 1
Temple of Ramses II at Abu Simbel
MEP
Temple of Hathor
Temple of Hathor at Abu Simbel
MEP
The Nile
Which direction does it flow?
…to the north.
Why was it important to the ancient Egyptians?
1. Earliest gathering place of nomads.
2. Source of fresh water for all their basic needs.
3. Source of “alluvial soil” for their crops.
Trivia: What was a “nilometer”?
A device to measure water flow on the Nile.
MEP
Two Nilometers used in ancient Egypt
MEP
Cairo & Nile 1
The Nile runs through Cairo
MEP
Cairo & Nile 2
MEP
Cairo & Nile 3
MEP
Cairo & hajib
Cairo street with
Muslim woman
wearing a “hajib”.
MEP
Luxor Avenue
Avenue to temple lined with Ramses II and an obelisk.
MEP
Ramses II
MEP
More Luxor ruins
More ruins at Luxor
MEP
Luxor again
They worshipped snakes!
MEP
Egypt
Colossi at Hemnon
The Collosi of Memnon
• Stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple
MEP
Buildings at Luxor
Ruins at Luxor
Notice the hieroglypics
These ancient Egyptian
hieroglyphics couldn’t
be read prior to the early
1800’s!
The sun god: Ra
MEP
hiero
…in
pyramid!
Where
did a
they
find King Tut?
There are more than 100 pyramids in Egypt…
….but only a few are famous.
Pyramids
MEP
Step Pyramid
1
The “Step” pyramid was
the first of all the pyramids.
What does it remind you of?
The Aztecs:
Temple of the Moon
…In Mexico!!
MEP
Maidum
Maidum
Pyramid 2
Pyramid 2
The Maidum pyramid was the 2nd pyramid built.
This picture only shows a portion since the
bottom is covered with tons of sand.
Pyramids
MEP
Bent Pyramid 3
The “Bent” Pyramid was the 3rd pyramid built.
Pyramids
MEP
Red Pyramid 4
The 1st “true” pyramid is the “Red” Pyramid.
The pyramid was made of red limestone.
Egyptologists have found the names of the work gangs on
some of the stones.
Pyramids
MEP
Giza Pyramids 5
Pyramids
MEP
Hieroglyphics
Spider pig, spider pig,
Spider
pig,
spider
pig,
The following was found on the walls of the
tomb of Pharaoh Homeratu, near the
Does
whatever
ancient
city: Fieldaof the Springs:
does
whatever
a
Spider pig does.
spider
pig
does.
MEP
Okay…how did they figure out
what all those pictures were?
MEP
Written in 196 B.C.
Written in three languages.
The Rosetta Stone
Written by the priests to
honor the pharaoh and to
proclaim all the good
things he had done
Found in 1799 by the
French while building a
fort.
Translated, primarily, by
a French scholar that
could read Greek & Coptic
The Rosetta Stone
Now it can be seen in the
British museum.
MEP
Hieroglypics
(Language of the
religion)
Rosetta Stone 2
Demotic
(Common language)
Greek
(Language of the
Rulers)
MEP
How to read hieroglyphics:
•
•
•
•
Hieroglyphics are pictures that equal sounds.
It is phonetic…no unnecessary letters!
It uses almost NO vowels.
Combine pictures to make words.
•
Water =
WTR =
WTR
MEP
Now it’s your turn!
MEP
MEP