Republic of Zambia
ZAMBIA BASIC EDUCATION COURSE
COMMERCIAL SUBJECTS
SYLLABUS
GRADE 8 – 9
Prepared by the Commercial Subjects Curriculum Committee
Published by the Curriculum Development Centre
P.O. Box 50092
Lusaka
ZAMBIA BASIC EDUCATION COURSE
COMMERCIAL SUBEJCTS
SYLLABUS
GRADE 8 – 9
Prepared by the Commercial Subjects Curriculum Committee
Published by the Curriculum Development Centre
P.O. Box 50092
Lusaka
CONTENTS
Preface
Page
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Book keeping – Grade Eight
2
Book keeping – Grade Nine
6
Office Practice – Grade Eight
10
Office Practice – Grade Nine
14
Typing – Grade Eight
19
Typing – Grade Nine
22
Common business abbreviations and terms
25
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Examinations Council of Zambia is grateful to various people too numerous to mention
by name for giving so much of their valuable time and expertise in the preparation of this
syllabus. For the same reason, the Council is also grateful to the Commercial Subjects
Curriculum Committee.
The Council is also grateful to UNICEF for providing the funds during the preparation of this
syllabus.
PREFACE
The Commercial Subjects syllabus has been prepared and produced against the background
and needs of the Educational Reform Document and is in line with the structure of the New
School Curriculum. The syllabus emphasizes the importance of Commercial Subjects in
national development in relation to everyday life. The focus however, is on what the pupil
will be able to do after acquiring the knowledge and skills offered in this course of study. The
knowledge acquired is vital to the development and betterment of not only the pupil but to the
community as well. The course of study will also assist the pupils acquire the necessary
productive skills in readiness for wage-employment and self- employment. It should also
provide a base for further studies in the field of commerce.
The syllabus is divided into three subjects, Bookkeeping, Office Practice and Typing. It is
hoped that the knowledge acquired from these subjects will go a long way in helping the pupil
later on in life and also assist him/her to face the world with confidence.
Chairman
EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA
INTRODUCTION
The syllabus in Commercial Subjects for grades 8 and 9 has been produced against the
background of the “Education Reform” document (1977). In the Education Reform
document practical subjects are stressed as essential and integral parts of the structure of the
New School Curriculum. Commercial Subjects are essentially practical. They incorporate
the acquisition of both academic and productive skills with more emphasis on production.
The syllabus emphasises giving the pupil the essential knowledge and productive skills which
will enable him/her to enter the world of “business” with confidence.
The syllabus aims at presenting Commercial Subjects as usable skills by emphasising those
aspects of commercial knowledge which are relevant to the acquisition of business skills. The
syllabus will assist in developing the pupil’s interest and learning through critical evaluation
rather than by just accepting information as facts. The syllabus will also assist the pupil in
appreciating the importance of Commercial Subjects in national development.
The implementers of the syllabus must ensure that the pupils develop a positive attitude
towards Commercial Subjects as an activity in which employable skills and high standards of
management are capable of enabling them to go into the world of “business” with selfassurance.
The Commercial Subjects syllabus consists of three subjects namely Bookkeeping, Office
Practice and Typing. Bookkeeping is the art of recording business transactions, Office
Practice is the process of practising office procedures and Typing is the art of writing
something with the typewriter.
The Commercial Subjects syllabus aims at:a.
providing for the understanding of simple and small scale businesses,
b.
developing and improving personal-use of skills related business occupations.
c.
providing opportunities for the development of skills, knowledge positive work habits
and attitudes to need the standards of performance required for entry into Grade 10,
institutions of higher learning and the world of work.
Commercial Subjects aim at providing the pupil with some knowledge of financial
transactions and records necessary for making effective economic and social decisions.
Commercial Subjects provide the pupil with the background knowledge and skills required
for further studies. They also equip the pupil with marketable commercial knowledge and
skills necessary for wage and self-employment. Commercial Subjects will also assist the
pupils to develop good working habits and good attitudes towards work.
General Objectives of Commercial Subjects
Bookkeeping – Pupils should be able to (PSBAT)
1.
acquire bookkeeping knowledge, skills and attitudes
2.
perform elementary bookkeeping tasks
3.
continue with studies in principles of accounts
4.
analyse, economic and social problems and suggest economic solutions.
Office Practice – Pupils should be able to (PSBAT)
1.
acquire office practice knowledge, skills and attitudes
2.
perform office tasks competently
3.
apply the acquired knowledge and skills in various fields related to general office
work
4.
display acceptable qualities of an office worker in relation to professionalism, work
attitude and human relations.
Typing – Pupils should be able to (PSBAT)
1.
acquire typing knowledge, skills and attitudes.
2.
use the acquired commercial knowledge and skills to pursue a career in business
studies and adapt to changing technology.
3.
produce mailable (acceptable) copies such as letter, manuscripts and any other work
required of a typist in work situations.
4.
develop and apply good working habits and attitudes.
5.
type at a minimum speed of 25 words per minute (WPM) with 97 per cent (%)
accuracy.
Features of the Syllabus
The syllabus is divided into three parts, namely Bookkeeping, Office Practice and Typing. Each of
the mentioned subjects is a two-year course for Grades 8 and 9. Each subject syllabus consists of
aims and objectives.
The subject syllabus is each divided into grades. The grades are then divided into units. The units
consist of main topic, terminal objectives and sub-topics. “Main topic” is a broad theme that
describes the main areas within each discipline. “Terminal objectives” state what is expected of the
pupils at the end of each unit. The “sub-topics” state what is to be taught and are drawn from terminal
objectives.
The syllabus states the end products which are terminal objectives but not the method of achieving
them. The teacher is free to use appropriate methods in his/her own school that suit the local
environment.
Hints to the teacher
Pupils should be encouraged to keep files in each of the three subjects. Bookkeeping and Office
Practice files should contain samples of business documents, which should be used as reference
materials.
A typing file should contain all the pupil’s typewritten work.
Educational visits should be encouraged. Pupils can be taken to places of interest. For example if
they are being taught about elements of banking, a visit to the bank can be arranged. This will give
the pupils the opportunity to ask questions to the spot.
Teaching/learning aids must be used because they are essential. It is easier for the pupil to understand
what is being taught when a teaching/learning aid is used.
Time table
The subjects in the syllabus comprise two-year courses for Grade 8 and 9. 6 periods of 40 minutes
each per week are allocated to Commercial Subjects. This is usually divided among the subjects as
follows: Bookkeeping 4 periods, Office Practice 2 periods and Typing 4 periods. As a result of this
division it is very difficult for a pupil to take all three subjects at the same time. So a pupil will be
given a choice of two out of the three, preferably, Office Practice (2 periods) and Bookkeeping (4
periods) or Office Practice (2 periods) and Typing (4 periods) giving a total of 6 periods in each case.
Methods of assessment
The final examination will be conducted at the end of Grade 9. The Bookkeeping and Office Practice
examinations will comprise 40% theory and 60% practical. The typing examination will be 20%
theory and 80% practical. The duration of the examination for each subject is 2½ hours.
These subjects are used for the purposes of certification of selection for Grade 10. The certification is
by the Examination Council of Zambia.
BOOKKEEPING
Grades Eight and Nine
Grade Eight
UNIT ONE
1.1.
1.2.
Main Topic –General – introduction to Bookkeeping
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
state and explain the meaning of Bookkeeping
give reasons for keeping books of account
identify job opportunities available to Bookkeepers
1.3.
Sub-topics
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
Bookkeeping
Reasons for keeping books of account
Job opportunities available to Bookkeepers
UNIT TWO
2.1.
Main Topic – Balance sheet
2.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
2.2.6.
2.2.7.
2.2.8.
define the balance sheet, assets, liabilities and capital
identify accounts as assets, liabilities and capital
classify assets and liabilities
prepare personal and business balance sheets
identify the relationship between assets, liabilities and capital
explain the meaning of working capital
arrange assets and liabilities in the order if permanence ad liquidity
state the Bookkeeping (accounting) equation.
2.3.
Sub-topics
2.3.1
Assets: Fixed and current
Liabilities: Long term and current
Capital: Owners and working
Personal and business balance sheet
The relationship between assets, liabilities and capital
The order of permanence
The order of liquidity
Bookkeeping (accounting) equation:
Assets – liabilities = Capital (A-L=C)
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
2.3.5.
UNIT THREE
3.1.
Main Topic – Business transactions
3.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
explain the meaning of a business transaction
distinguish between cash, bank and credit transactions
explain and show the effect of a transaction on the balance sheet.
record business transactions in the books of account.
3.3.
Sub-topics
3.3.1
3.3.2
Business transactions
Types of transactions
- Cash
- Bank
- Credit
Effect of a transaction on the balance sheet
Recording of transactions
3.3.3.
3.3.4.
UNIT FOUR
4.1.
Main Topic – The Ledger
4.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.2.5.
4.2.6.
4.2.7.
4.2.8.
4.2.9.
4.2.10
describe the ledger
explain why the ledger in the main book of account
Explain the meaning of a ledger account
State the rule of double entry
enter transactions using the principles of double entry
open ledger accounts
balance and close off ledger accounts
transfer accounts to trial balance
classify accounts
identify the different sub-divisions of the ledger
4.3.
Sub-topics
4.3.1.
4.3.2
4.3.3.
4.3.4.
4.3.5.
4.3.6.
4.3.7.
4.3.8.
The ledger
The ledger account
Rule of double entry
Open ledger accounts
Recording transactions in the ledger
Balancing and closing of ledger accounts
Transfer of account
Classification of accounts
4.3.9.
- Personal (Debtors and Creditors)
- Impersonal (Real and Nominal)
Sub-divisions of the ledger
- Purchases (Creditors)
- Sales (Debtors)
- General (Real and Nominal)
UNIT FIVE
5.1.
Main Topic – Source Documents
5.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4.
explain the meaning of a course document
identify the source document
explain the use of source-documents
prepare source documents
5.3.
Sub-topics
5.3.1
Source documents:-Receipts
- Cash-sale-slip
- Bank paying-in-slip
- Cheque and cheque stubs
- Tickets
- Invoices
- Credit and Debit Notes
- Petty Cash Vouchers
- Cash dockets.
The sue of source documents
Preparation of source documents.
5.3.2.
5.3.3.
UNIT SIX
6.1.
Main Topic – Discounts
6.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
6.2.3.
6.2.4.
explain the meaning of Trade and cash discounts
difference between Trade and Cash discounts
calculate Trade and Cash discounts
record the Trade and Cash discounts in the books of account
3.3.
Sub-topics
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
Trade discounts
Cash discounts
- Discount allowed
- Discount received
Calculations of discounts
Recording of discounts
6.3.3.
6.3.4.
UNIT SEVEN
7.1.
Main Topic – Books of Original (Prime) Entry/Subsidiary Books
7.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
7.2.3.
describe the books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary books
identify the books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary books
identify the source documents from which the books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary
books are written.
enter transactions in the books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary books
post books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary books
7.2.4.
7.2.5.
7.3.
Sub-topics
7.3.1. The books of original (prime) entry-subsidiary books:
Purchases
Sales
Journal Proper/General Journal
Returns Inwards/Sales Returns
Returns Outwards/Purchases Returns
Cash Book
Petty Cash Book
7.3.2. Writing up books of original (prime) entry/subsidiary books from source documents.
7.3.3. Posting to the ledger
UNIT EIGHT
8.1.
Main Topic – Trial Balance
8.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
8.2.1
8.2.2.
8.2.3.
8.2.4.
explain the meaning of the Trial Balance
explain the use of the Trial Balance
identify information required to prepare a Trial Balance
prepare a Trial Balance
8.3.
Sub-topics
8.3.1. Trial Balance
8.3.2. Use of the Trial Balance
8.3.3. Preparation of the Trial Balance
Grade Nine
UNIT NINE
9.1.
Main Topic – Final Accounts
9.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
9.2.1.
9.2.2.
9.2.3.
9.2.4.
9.2.5.
9.3.
identify final accounts as trading and profit and loss accounts
explain the purpose of preparing final accounts
write up trading profit and loss accounts
calculate gross and net profit/losses
transfer net profit/loss to the capital account
Sub-topics
9.3.1. Trading and profit and loss accounts
9.3.2. Preparing final accounts
9.3.3. Calculations of gross and net profits/losses
9.3.4. Transferring of net profit/loss to the capital account
UNIT TEN
10.1.
Main Topic – Depreciation of Fixed Assets
10.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
10.2.1.
10.2.2.
10.2.3.
10.2.4.
10.2.5.
10.3.
recognise depreciation as an adjustment
explain the meaning of depreciation
list three methods of depreciation
calculate the amount of depreciation
enter the amount of depreciation of fixed assets in the Journal, Ledger Accounts,
Profit and Loss Account and Balance Sheet.
Sub-topics
10.3.1. Depreciation methods:
- Revaluation
- Straight line/fixed (equal) instalment
- Diminishing/reducing
10.3.2. Calculation of the amount of depreciation
10.3.3. Entering of the amount of depreciation in the
- Journal
- Ledger accounts
- Profit and Loss accounts
- Balance Sheet
UNIT ELEVEN
11.1.
Main Topic – Accruals
11.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
11.2.1. recognise accruals as adjustments
11.2.2. explain the terms accrued expenses and income
11.2.3. use the terms due, owing, in arrears, unpaid or outstanding for accrued
11.2.4. give examples of accrued expenses and income
11.2.5. calculate accrued expenses and income
11.2.6. record accrued expenses and income in the Journal, Ledger Accounts, Final Accounts
and Balance Sheet.
11.3.
Sub-topics
11.3.1 Accruals expenses and income
11.3.2. Terms used to mean accrued expenses and income
- due
- in arrears
- owing
-unpaid
- outstanding
11.3.3. Examples of accrued expenses and income
11.3.4. Calculation of accrued expenses and income
11.3.5. Recording of accrued expenses and income in the:
- Journal
-Ledger Accounts
- Final Accounts
-Balance Sheet
UNIT TWELVE
12.1.
Main Topic – Prepayments
12.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
12.2.1. recognise prepayments as adjustments
12.2.2. explain the terms prepaid expenses and income
12.2.3. use the term prepayment to mean paid/received in advance
12.2.4. give examples of prepaid expenses and income
12.2.5. calculate prepaid expenses and income
12.2.6. record prepaid expenses and income in the Journal, Ledger Accounts, Final Accounts
and Balance Sheet
12.3.
Sub-topics
12.3.1. Prepaid expenses and income
12.3.2. Another term used to mean prepaid expenses income:
- paid/received in advance
12.3.3. Examples of prepaid expenses and income
12.3.4. Calculation of prepaid expenses and income
12.3.5. Recording of prepaid expenses and income in the :
- Journal
- Ledger accounts
- Final Accounts
- Balance Sheet
UNIT THIRTEEN
13.1.
Main Topic – Closing Stock
13.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
13.2.1. recognise closing stock as an adjustment
13.2.2. explain the meaning of closing stock
13.2.3. distinguish between opening and closing stock
13.2.4. record closing stock in the Trading Account and Balance Sheet
13.3.
Sub-topics
13.3.1. Closing Stock
13.3.2. Recording of Closing Stock
UNIT FOURTEEN
14.1.
Main Topic – Bad Debts
14.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
14.2.1 Explain the meaning of bad debts
14.2.2. calculate the amount of bad debts
14.2.3. record bad debts in the Journal Ledger Accounts, Profit and Loss Accounts
14.3.
Sub-topics
14.3.1 Bad Debts
14.3.2. Calculation of the amount of bad debts
14.3.3. Recording of bad debts.
OFFICE PRACTICE
Grade Eight and Nine
Grade Eight
UNIT ONE
1.1.
Main Topic – General Introduction to Office Practice
1.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
1.2.2. explain the meaning of Office Practice
1.2.2. explain the meaning of an office
1.2.3. state the functions of an office
1.2.4. differentiate between open and closed offices
1.2.5. identify job opportunities available upon completion of the course
1.3.
Sub-topics
1.3.1. The office
1.3.2. Functions of an office
1.3.3. Types of offices:
- Open
- Closed
1.3.4. Job opportunities
UNIT TWO
2.1.
Main Topic – Office Organisation and Personnel
2.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
2.2.1. distinguish the various department and their personnel
2.2.2. explain the functions of the various departments and their personnel
2.2.3. interpret an organisational chart.
2.3.
Sub-topics
2.3.1. Departments
- Administration
- Accounts
- Personnel
- Purchasing
- Sales
- Advertising
- Maintenance
2.3.2. Departmental functions
2.3.3. Organisational Chart
UNIT THREE
3.1.
Main Topic – Office Stationery and Equipment
3.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
3.2.1. name office stationery and equipment
3.2.2. select and use the appropriate office stationery and equipment
3.2.3. recognise the use and significance of any given office stationery and equipment
3.2.4. use office stationery appropriately
3.3.
Sub-topics
3.3.1 Stationery:
- paper
- pens
- rulers
-envelopes
-rubbers
- stencils
-duplicating ink
- carbon papers
- correction fluid
- filling clips
- pins
- etc.
3.3.2. Equipment
- typewriters
- ink duplicators
- spirit duplicators
- filing cabinets
- staplers
- hole punchers
- telephones
- telex machine
- intercoms
- desk calendar
- date stamp
- franking machine
- calculating machine
- photocopier
3.3.3.
Uses of office stationery and equipment
UNIT FOUR
4.1.
Main Topic – Postal and Telecommunications Services
4.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
explain the meaning of “Postal and Telecommunication services”
distinguish between Post and Telecommunication services
explain the important of using Postal and Telecommunication services
discriminate and interpret the different tone of the telephone and signal on the telex
Machine
4.2.5. operate a telephone and telex machine where possible
4.2.6. send a telegraphic message
4.2.7. fill-in Money Order
4.2.8. send a telegraphic Money Order
4.2.9. buy, fill-in and send Postal Order
4.2.10. handle incoming and outgoing mail in any office situation.
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
4.2.3.
4.2.4.
4.3.
Sub-topics
4.3.1. Postal Services
- Mail
- Post Restante
- Railex
- Express
- Registered
- Datapost
- Parcels
- Business Reply
- Cards
- Circulars
- Printed Matter
- Money Orders
- Postal Orders
- Cash on Delivery
- Post Boxes and Private Bags
- Free Post
- Franking
4.3.2 Telecommunication Services
- Telephone
- Telex
- Telegram
- Phonograms
- Radio Messages
- Photo Telegrams (Fax)
5.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4.
5.2.5.
5.2.6.
5.2.7.
explain the meaning of filing and indexing
identify the different filing and indexing systems
describe the different types of filling and indexing systems
select and use the appropriate filing and indexing systems
identify the different methods of filing and indexing
describe the different methods of filing and indexing
discuss advantages and disadvantages of various methods of filing
5.2.8.
5.2.9.
5.2.10.
5.2.11.
5.2.12.
5.2.13.
5.2.14.
5.3.
state the rules of filing
retrieve filed information
devise and use a system of tracing files
identify the filing and indexing equipment
explain the use of filing and indexing equipment
select and use filing and indexing equipment
maintain a good filing and indexing system
Sub-topics
5.3.1. Filing and Indexing
5.3.2. Filing Systems are:
- Central
- Departmental
5.3.3. Filing Methods:
- Alphabetical
- Geographical
- Numerical
- Chronological
- Subject
5.3.4. Filing Equipment:
- Spike
- Flat
- Box
- Vertical
- Lateral
5.3.5 Indexing Equipment:
- Rotary
- Strip
- Card
UNIT SIX
6.1.
Main Topic – Elements of Banking
6.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
6.2.1. discuss and define banking
6.2.2. list financial institutions concerned with banking
6.2.3. describe the functions and services provided by banks
6.2.4. state different types of accounts and explain how they operate
6.2.5. read and analyse a bank statement
6.2.6 recognise documents used in the different types of accounts
6.3.
Sub-topics
6.3.1. Banking
6.3.2. Financial institutions:
- Commercial Banks
- Building Society
- Credit Union and Savings Associations
6.3.3.
6.3.4.
6.3.5.
6.3.6.
6.3.7.
- National Savings and Credit Bank
Functions and Services provided by banks
Types of Accounts
- Current
- Savings
- Deposit
- Save as you earn
- Investments (Building Societies)
Documents:
- Bank statement
- Pay-in-slip
- Withdrawal slip
- Deposit
- Cheque Book
- Passbook
Operate a bank account
UNIT SEVEN
7.1.
Main Topic – Documents used in Buying and Selling.
7.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
7.2.3.
7.2.4.
7.2.5.
7.2.6.
7.2.7.
7.2.8.
7.3.
identify the documents used in buying and selling
describe the documents used in buying and selling
explain the use of documents used in buying and selling
recognise the documents used in the process of buying and selling
use the documents used in buying and selling
calculate trade and cash discounts
handle documents use in buying and selling with care
maintain and care for documents used in buying and selling.
Sub-topics
7.3.1. Buying and Selling
7.3.2. Documents used in buying and selling:
- inquiry
- quotation
- order
- estimates
- tenders
- invoices
- debit and credit notes
- delivery note
- advice note
- cash-sale-slip
- catalogues
- proforma invoice
- cheques
- receipts
7.3.3.
7.3.4.
7.3.5.
The process of buying and selling
Trade and cash discounts
Maintenance of documents used in buying and selling
UNIT EIGHT
8.1.
Main Topic – Petty Cash Book
8.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
8.2.1. explain the meaning of petty cash
8.2.2. describe the Petty Cash Book
8.2.3. state the use of the Petty Cash Book
8.2.4. identify the documents from which the Petty Cash Book is written
8.2.5. record information in the Petty Cash Book
8.2.6. distinguish between the Ordinary and Imprest system
8.2.7. balance the Petty Cash using the Ordinary and Imprest system
8.3.
Sub-topics
8.3.1. Petty Cash
8.3.2. Petty cash book
8.3.3. Documents:
- Receipts
- Petty Cash Voucher
8.3.4. Recording information in the Petty Cash Book
8.3.5. Methods of maintaining and balancing Petty Cash Book:
- Ordinary
- Imprest
Balancing of Petty Cash Book without reimbursing the actual amount spent

UNIT NINE
9.1.
Main Topic - Reference Books
9.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
9.2.1. identify reference books
9.2.2. locate reference books
9.2.3. use reference books
9.2.4. handle reference books with care
9.3.
Sub-topics
9.3.1. Reference Books:
- Post Office Guides
- Telephone Directories
- Telex Directories
- International Travel Guide
- Dictionaries
- Who’s Who
- Ready Reckoner
- Encyclopedia
- Atlas
UNIT TEN
10.1.
Main Topic- Wages and Salaries
10.2.
Terminal Objectives- PSBAT
10.2.1.
10.2.2.
10.2.3.
10.2.4.
10.2.5.
10.3.
discuss wages and salaries
explain the use of time card
calculate man hours from time card
calculate gross pay, allowances and deductions on the wage sheet and pay-slip
read and interpret the payslip
Sub-topics
10.3.1.
10.3.2.
10.3.3.
10.3.4.
10.3.5.
Wages and salaries
The Time Card
Wage Sheet
Payslip
Deductions:
- Voluntary
- Statutory
UNIT ELEVEN
11.1.
Main Topic –Business Letters
11.2.
Terminal Objectives-PSBAT
11.2.1. List the parts of business letters
11.2.2. recognise the importance of the parts of business letters
11.2.3. identify different types of business letters
11.2.4. prepare an acceptable business letter
11.3.
Sub-topics
11.3.1. Business Letters
11.3.2. Format and Layout
11.3.3. Types of business letters
- Application
- Circular
- Complaint
- Inquiry
- Memorandum
UNIT TWELVE
12.1.
Main Topic – Office Etiquettee
12.2.
Terminal Objectives- PSBAT
12.2.1. explain the meaning of etiquette
12.2.2. observe punctuality
12.2.3. work with efficiency
12.2.4. demonstrate acceptable attitude towards work, co-workers and others
12.2.5. dress appropriately.
12.3.
Sub-topics
12.3.1. Office etiquette
12.3.2. Personal qualities:
- Appearance
- Reliability
- Punctuality
- Loyalty
- Courtesy
12.3.3. Relationship with fellow workers and others
UNIT THIRTEEN
13.1.
Main Topic – Travel arrangements
13.2.
Terminal Objectives- PSBAT
13.3.
Sub-topics
13.2.1. identify methods of travel
13.2.2. recognise the use of making travel arrangements
13.2.3. make travel arrangements
13.2.4. read and interpret travel timetables and fare charts
13.3.1. methods of travel
13.3.2. travel arrangements:
- Itineraries and programmes
- Timetables and fare charts
- Reservations.
UNIT FOURTEEN
14.1.
Main Topic – Commonly used Business Abbreviations
14.2.
Terminal Objectives - PSBAT
14.2.1. explain the meaning of the word “abbreviation”
14.2.2. identify the most commonly used business abbreviations
14.2.3. decode commonly used abbreviations
14.2.4. explain the meaning of the most commonly used business abbreviations
14.2.5. use the abbreviations and terms appropriately
14.3.
Sub-topics
14.3.1. Business Abbreviations:
(See appended list on page 44)
TYPING
Grades Eight and Nine
Grade Eight
UNIT ONE
1.1.
Main Topic – Introduction to Typewriting
1.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
1.2.1.
1.2.2.
1.2.3.
1.2.4.
1.2.5.
1.2.6.
1.2.7.
1.2.8.
1.2.9.
1.3.
explain the meaning of typewriting
develop interest to pursue typewriting as a subject
coordinate correct fingering with materials to be typed
avail all appropriate materials required in readness to type
distinguish parts of the typewriter
use the parts of the typewriter for specific tasks
keep the typewriter and work areas clean
identify job opportunities to typists
report typewriter breakdown/faults
Sub-topics
1.3.1.
1.3.2.
1.3.3.
1.3.4.
1.3.5.
1.3.6.
1.3.7.
1.3.8.
1.3.9.
1.3.10.
1.3.11.
Typewriting
Posture
Fingering
Eye movement
Work area
Typewriting material
Parts of the typewriter
functions and maintenance of the typewriter
Handling the typewriter
Reporting breakdowns/faults
Job opportunities
UNIT TWO
2.1.
Main Topic – Keyboard Mastery
2.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
2.2.1.
2.2.2.
2.2.3.
2.2.4.
2.2.5.
2.2.6.
2.2.7.
describe the keyboard
coordinate correct fingering with material to be typed
set appropriate margins
type “mailable” (acceptable) copies at a minimum speed of 25 words per minute with
97% (per cent) accuracy
appreciate the importance of setting margins
copy-type with speed and accuracy
apply correct typewriting techniques
2.3.
Sub-topics
2.3.1.
2.3.2.
2.3.3.
2.3.4.
2.3.5.
2.3.6.
2.3.7.
2.3.8.
2.3.9.
2.3.10.
2.3.11.
Keyboard
Home row keys (asdf, jkl;)
Posture
Fingering
Eye movement
Key striking
Margin setting
Upper row keys
Lower row keys
Lower and upper keys
Speed and accuracy
UNIT THREE
3.1.
Main Topic – Heading and paragraphing
3.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
3.2.1.
3.2.2.
3.2.3.
3.2.4.
3.2.5.
3.2.6.
3.3.
type blocked, indented and hanging paragraphs
type headings and paragraphs
recognise and explain types of headings and paragraphs
recognise the value and use of headings and paragraphs
copy-type with speed and accuracy
display headings and paragraphs effectively.
Sub-topics
3.3.1.
3.3.2.
3.3.3.
Headings:- Main
- Shoulder
- Paragraphs
Paragraphs
- Blocked
- Indented
- Hanging
Effective display of heading and paragraphs
UNIT FOUR
4.1.
Main Topic – Paper sizes
4.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
4.2.1.
4.2.2.
select and use suitable size of paper for any given work
identify types of paper and their uses
4.3.
Sub-topics
4.3.1. Paper size:
- A3
- A4
- A5
- A6
- A7
4.3.2. Paper types:
- Bond
- Bank
- Flimsy
UNIT FIVE
5.1.
Main Topic- Manuscripts
5.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
5.2.1.
5.2.2.
5.2.3.
5.2.4.
5.2.5.
5.2.6.
5.2.7.
5.2.8.
5.3.
Sub-topics
5.3.1.
5.3.2.
5.3.3.
5.3.4.
5.3.5.
5.3.6.
5.3.7.
explain the meaning of manuscript
read and enterpret correction and abbreviation signs in both hand and typewritten
work.
observe rules used in word division
delete and correct errors in the manuscript
copy-type with speed and accuracy
demonstrate an appreciation for neat work.
detect, erase and correct errors in typewritten work
obverse the correct display of numbered items in context.
Manuscripts:
-Handwritten
- Typewritten
Manuscripts with abbreviations
Manuscripts with correction signs
Typing from manuscripts
Word division.
Deleting, erasing and correcting errors
Display of numbered items.
Grade Nine
UNIT SIX
6.1.
Main Topic –Letters and Envelopes
6.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
6.2.2.
6.2.3.
6.2.4.
6.2.5.
6.2.6.
6.2.7.
6.2.8.
6.2.9.
6.2.10.
6.2.11.
6.2.12.
6.2.13.
6.2.1. explain the meaning of a letter
identify and name the parts of a letter
recognise the importance of the parts of the letter
identify and name letter styles
select the appropriate letter style for any given work in typewriting
observe the correct display of numbered items in a letter
identify different types and sizes of envelopes
select and use an appropriate size of envelope
address envelopes in fully blocked style correctly and accurately
identify forms of address.
use the appropriate punctuation
copy-type with speed and accuracy
appreciate a well displayed letter
6.3.
Sub-topics
6.3.1.
6.3.2.
6.3.3.
The letter:
- Parts and functions
- Forms of address
Letter styles and punctuation:
- Fully Block
- Semi Block
Envelopes:
- Sizes
- Types
UNIT SEVEN
7.1.
Main Topic - Centring
7.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
7.2.1.
7.2.2.
7.2.3.
explain the meaning of centring
state the principles applicable to display work
explain the meaning of invitations, menus, notices an advertisements.
7.3.
Sub-topics
7.3.1.
7.3.2.
Centring:
- Horizontal
- Vertical
Display:
- Menus
- Advertisements
- Invitation Cards
UNIT EIGHT
8.1.
Main Topic - Tabulation
8.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
8.2.1.
8.2.2.
8.2.3.
8.2.4.
8.2.5.
8.2.6.
8.3.
explain the meaning of tabulation
calculate and set starting points in tabular work
apply the rules in tabular work
type tabular work including figure and signs
appreciate neat work
copy-type with speed and accuracy
Sub-topics
8.3.1.
8.3.2.
8.3.3.
Tabulation:
- Setting margins and tabular stops
- Rules
Columnar Display:
- Two four columns
- Centring headings over columns
Display work with figures and signs
UNIT NINE
9.1.
Main Topic – Business Forms
9.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
9.2.1.
9.2.2.
9.2.3.
9.2.4.
9.3.
explain the meaning of business forms
identify the use of different business forms
prepare and fill in various forms
copy-type with speed and accuracy
Sub-topics
9.3.1.
Business Forms:
- Types
- Preparations of various forms
- Form filling
UNIT TEN
10.1.
Main Topic -Memorandum
10.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
10.2.1. explain the meaning and use of the memorandum (memo)
10.2.2. name and explain the parts of the memorandum
10.2.3. display the memorandum in various styles
10.3.
Sub-topics
10.3.1. Memorandum:
- Parts
- Styles
10.3.2. Display the memorandum
UNIT ELEVEN
11.1.
Main Topic – Ink Stencil
11.2.
Terminal Objectives – PSBAT
11.2.1.
11.2.2.
11.2.3.
11.2.4.
11.2.5.
explain an ink stencil
explain the use of the stencil
clean the type faces
disengage the ribbon
cut a stencil speedily and accurately
11.2.6. handle the stencil with care
11.2.7. proof read the stencil
11.2.8. correct the errors
11.3.
Sub-topics
11.3.1. Ink Stencil:
- Preparation
- Cutting
- Proof reading
- Correcting
COMMON BUSINESS ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS
A/c
Av.
Bal.
B/d.
B/f
Bros.
C.A.I.
C.W.O.
c/d.
Cert.
c/f.
chq.
C.N.
Co.
C/o.
C.O.D.
Cr.
Dept.
Dis.
Dls.
D.N.
do.
Dr.
e.g.
E. & O, E.
etc.
fig.
figs.
Fo.
f.y.a
f.y.i
Govt.
i.e.
Inc.
Int.
Inv.
I.O.U.
J/A
£
Ltd.
Max.
Memo.
Messrs.
N/A
Account
Average
Balance in Bookkeeping
Brought down in Bookkeeping
Brought forward in Bookkeeping
Brothers
Cash Against Invoice
Cash With Order
Carried down in Bookkeeping
Certificate
Carried forward in Bookkeeping
Cheque
Credit Note or Circular Note when used in banking
Company
Care of (when used in an address)
Cash On Delivery (good to be paid for on delivery)
Credit
Department
Discount
Dollars
Debit Note
Ditto (same as)
Debit
For Example
Errors and Omissions Excepted (from an account)
And so on
Figure
Figures
Folio in Bookkeeping
For your action
For your information
Government
id est – That is
Incorporated
Interest
Invoice
I owe you
Joint Account
Pound
Limited
Maximum
Memorandum
Gentlemen, Sirs (used in an address before the name of firm e.g. Messrs
Mulenga Walubita & Co.)
Not Applicable
N/B
No.
Nos.
O.N.C.O.
%
P.A.
Per Annum
Pvt.
P.T.O.
R/D
Re.
Recd.
Rect.
Ref.
Sgd.
Soc.
St.
Std.
STD
Via.
Viz
Wk.
Wks
Yrs.
&
K.
n.
Take note
Number
Numbers
Or Nearest Cash Offer
Per cent
Put Away
Each year
Private
Please turnover
In regard to
Received
Received
Receipt
Registered
Signed
Society
Street
Standard
Subscriber Trunk Dialling
By way of
Namely
Week
Weeks
Yours
And
Kwacha
ngwee