Smarter Cities - Transportation
City of Rochester Initiatives
Fred Ziecina
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Acknowledgement
Rochester Department of Public Works
Gary Shannon, P.E., P.T.O.E.
Traffic Engineer
City of Rochester
Doug Nelson, P.E.
Mgr Engineering
City of Rochester
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Intelligent Transportation Systems
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Everything in presentation is available, though not all in use
Obstacles:
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Finances: Can’t afford to replace all old systems with new equipment or afford new
systems
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Inter Agency Trust and Cooperation: Turf issues, differing priorities, who has control
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Public Acceptance: Politicians won’t support thing constituents are opposed to
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Legal Challenges: Groups can challenge things in court, even if public supports
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Signal Operation & Automation
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Rochester’s Advanced Traffic Management System (ACTRA)
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City of Rochester uses Siemens ACTRA System
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PC based monitoring and management of
129 of the City’s 144 traffic signal systems
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Installed in 2003, expanded annually
© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA - Signal System Capabilities
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Rochester System
– Interconnected signals with corridor signal coordination
– Emergency Vehicle Pre-emption
– Railroad Pre-emption
– Video from signal camera detection
equipment
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Expandable with Incremental Upgrades
– Capability to add public transit bus priority
– Capable of real-time traffic responsive
signal timing
– Remote access by multiple agencies
– Video Wall display capability
– Dynamic ‘Message Sign’ control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA - Signal System Capabilities
Rochester Signal Cabinets
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA - Benefits
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Remote access to the signals to check the system or adjust the signal timing
– Alarms sent from equipment to Traffic Operations Building when
malfunctions occur (automatic paging for critical alarms)
– Data exchange capability; timing plans and information can be transferred
to, or from, the signal controllers
at the cabinet or remotely from
the Traffic Operations Building
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Typical Signal Cabinets
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA - Communication Capability
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Multi-equipment and Interface Capability
– Twisted pair
– Fiber optic
– Coaxial
– Radio
– Ethernet
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National Architecture compliance
for ITS
– NTCIP: National Transportation
Communication for ITS Protocol
• http://www.ntcip.org/
– Supporting Organizations:
• http://www.nema.org/
• http://www.ite.org/
• http://www.transportation.org/
• http://www.its.dot.gov/
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA - Communication Setup
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
ACTRA – Traffic management Capability
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Data collection capability with analysis tools
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Supports adaptive traffic control to respond to actual traffic conditions
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Can generate reports for the intersection or signal groupings
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Links:
– MNDOT Web Cameras: http://www.511mn.org/
– 3rd Ave / 16th St SE: (link)
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI via Cell Phone data
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Tracking of cell phones through urban corridors to track volume, speed, other
pertinent data
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Jacobs Engineering at forefront of use of this technology
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – Cutting Edge Technology
Jacobs Processing
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – What does it do?
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Operational Data
– Speeds
– Volumes
– Congestion Points
– Origin-Destination Information for all Travel
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Can Separate by Mode
– Buses/Trains/Transit
– Cars/Trucks
– Bicycles/Peds
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – How does it do it?
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Collects all “MOTION” Data
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–
–
–
–
–
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Detectors
GPS
License Plate Recognition
E-Tags
Cell Phones
Etc (Open System)
Data Fusion Process
– Determines What Data Good/Bad
– Uses Good Data
– Creates 24/7 Operational Representation
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – How can it be used?
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Operators and Regional Agencies
– Continuous Update on Transportation Picture
– All Facilities/Modes, All the Time
– Performance Measurements, Continuously
– Peak Hour Traffic Counts
– Operational Efficiency – All Modes
– Environmental Readings
– Instantaneous Readouts of any Changes
– Accurate Traffic Impacts from Incidents/Accidents
– Ability to Report Changes or Events, Instantly
– “Predict” when Linked to Simulation
© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – How can it be used?
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Research
– Automatic Traffic counters
– Simulation of new roadway design/operation concepts (before)
– Impacts of changes on entire roadway network
– Automated measurements of test (after)
– Impacts due to incidents can be catalogued
– Impacts due to ITS devices (DMS, etc) can be measured
– Environmental Impacts of Modal shifts
– Benefit / cost analyses, true time savings estimates
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Travellers
– Personal Travel Predictions
• By Mode
• Intermodal
• Future Travel
– Best Mode/Best Route/Best Travel Time
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – Traveler benefits
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Better knowledge of the network situation
– 10% Time Savings from Improved Knowledge
– Alternative Modes
– Way-Finding
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Reliable journeys
– 50% of Delays can be Incident-Related
– 10-15% of Delays can be from Construction
– Non-Recurrent Congestion
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Better travel information
– Better Decisions
– Network Conditions Improve – Minimize Time on Roadway Network
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
TDI – Benefit Summary
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Fast, accurate and convenient
dynamic data acquisition
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Reduced physical infrastructure
investment
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Quick solution to existing highway
congestion problems
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Real-time multimodal traffic models
with
– Comprehensive real-time
information
– Multimodal planning and
interchange policies
– Improved monitoring and
benefit assessment
– Short, medium and long term
travel predictions
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Improved Road Safety
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Improved Disaster Management
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Wider coverage
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Enforcement Through Technology
“Photo Cop”
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Traffic Enforcement camera
– Speed control
– Red light running
– Bus Lane enforcement
– Toll roads
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http://www.iihs.org/video.aspx/info/auto_enforcement
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Enforcement Through Technology – why needed?
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1,000 fatalities (nationally) per year due to “red light running”
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13,000 fatalities (nationally) per year related to excessive speed
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Multiple injuries and accidents due to these violations
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Limited manpower to address the problem (enforcement efforts are often short
duration)
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Enforcement Through Technology – Benefits
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Multiple research studies have shown:
– Increased compliance w/ speed limits
• 80% reduction in vehicles exceeding the posted speed by 10 mph
where this has been used
– Reduction in the number of fatalities and severity of accidents
– Identifies and deters those that break the law
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Enhances enforcement efforts
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A fair, objective, and consistent application
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Enforcement Through Technology – Obstacles
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Legal challenges to the use of monitoring equipment
– Invasion of privacy?
– Ticket issued to the vehicle owner, not the driver
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Laser jamming devices on vehicles
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Falsified license numbers on vehicles
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Traffic Enforcement Through Technology – MN Experience
Minnesota Supreme Court Strikes Down Red Light Cameras
The Minnesota Supreme Court delivers a unanimous decision striking down the legality of red
light cameras.
The Minnesota Supreme Court today delivered the highest-level court rebuke to photo
enforcement to date with a unanimous decision against the Minneapolis red light
camera program. The high court upheld last September's Court of Appeals decision that
found the city's program had violated state law.
The supreme court found that Minneapolis had disregarded a state law imposing
uniformity of traffic laws across the state. The city's photo ticket program offered the
accused fewer due process protections than available to motorists prosecuted for the
same offense in the conventional way after having been pulled over by a policeman. The
court argued that Minneapolis had, in effect, created a new type of crime: "owner liability
for red-light violations where the owner neither required nor knowingly permitted the
violation."
Minneapolis Code of Ordinances sections 474.620 to 474.670, which make the owner of
a motor vehicle guilty of a petty misdemeanor if the vehicle is photographed running a
red light, are invalid because they are in conflict with the Minnesota Traffic
Regulations, and specifically with Minn. Stat. Section 169.06, subd. 4(a) (2006), and
Minn. Stat. Section 169.022 (2006).
April 5, 2007
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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Used by Rochester, Olmsted, MnDOT
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Salt / Sanding winter operations
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Rochester – “Force America” SSC5100 system
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Winter road maintenance efficiencies thru technology
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Use temperature sensors / equipment on sanding trucks
– Temperature Detectors
– Sanding rate applicators
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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Force America
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SSC5100 system
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AVL Vehicle Tracking and Data
Logging
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Joystick Controls
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PTO Controls
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Pump Controls
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Radio Frequency Controls
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Snow & Ice Controls
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Rochester Winter Maintenance Support System
Truck Mounted Computer
Wireless Comm Link
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Temp Sensor
Antennae
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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The Maintenance Decision Support System serves maintenance staff
– decision support tool
– real-time weather / roadway conditions
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Combined with information on maintenance vehicle resources (i.e. salt, sand, etc…)
– MDSS recommends appropriate roadway maintenance application treatments / rates
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MDSS assimilates data on road surface conditions from Road Weather Information
Stations (RWIS)
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On-board vehicle sensors report pavement temperatures
– also allows for field staff observations on road visibility to be factored into the MDSS
recommendation for appropriate maintenance treatments.
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With all sources of information taken into account, MDSS offers users various treatment
options
– such as “optimal” treatments – where travel safety is prioritized higher than treatment
costs –
– and “what-if” treatments – where the effects of several maintenance actions on
overall resources can be understood by the system user before recommending
certain actions.
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Road Weather Information Station
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Chemicals
Anti-icers
Proactive
De-icers
Reactive
Sodium Chloride (salt)
Calcium Chloride
Magnesium Chloride
Potassium Acetate
Liquid Corn Salt
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System - Benefits
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Benefit / cost ratio of 13:1 (MnDOT)
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53% savings on salt use
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Reduced overtime
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More effective road clearing
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Increased safety to the public
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety
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City of Rochester, Olmsted Co, and MnDOT –D6 have responsibility for
hundreds of bridges
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Newer bridges being designed with anti-icing spray technology – Fixed
Automated Spray Technology (FAST)
– I 35W bridge
– New bridges over Mississippi (MN – WI)
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety
 Bridge Fixed
Automated Spray
Technology (FAST)
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
What is Anti-Icing?
”The snow and ice-control practice of preventing the
formation or development of bonded snow and ice
by the timely applications of chemical freezing-point
depressant.”
-- FHWA Manual for
an Effective Anti-Icing Program
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
Stationary Anti-icing Systems
Fixed
Automated
Spray
Technology
Goal of F.A.S.T. System: “The early prediction of ice formation in its different forms
(ice, black ice, frost, freezing rain, and snow) along with a time-efficient activation
of the spraying system.”
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
Effective
(original 35W system)
 165 winter crashes from 1992 – 1999
 Anti-icing system operational in 1999
 68% reduction in winter crashes in first 3 yrs of
operation
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
System Components
 Roadway Weather Information System (RWIS)
–Measures atmospheric & pavement conditions
 Pump House
–Houses tanks, pumps, instrumentation & controls
 Valve Units
–Deliver Anti-icing agent to Spray Disks
 Spray Disks
–Deliver Anti-Icing agent to road surface
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
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Automatic control, no human intervention for activation
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Information provided by active and passive pavement sensors
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Graphical User Interface software
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Intuitive display, complete access to weather information and spray system
data.
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Historical log information
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Spray disk: heavy-duty, made from synthetic material
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Individually variable spray pattern angle
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Accumulator Tanks on hydraulic line for consistent spraying pressure
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Pressure control device for monitoring proper pressure
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Alarms sent to personnel if pressure is incorrect.
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Allows early detection of leaks & preventive shut off
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
Automated Anti-Icing
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
Anti-Icing Chemical
Potassium Acetate
Low corrosion
Contains no chlorides
Effective to -45 F (lab)
Field Experience to -20 F
No agitation required
Environmentally favorable to salts
Does not refreeze
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Bridge Maintenance & Operational Safety - FAST
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Flow meter for measuring amount of liquid dispensed per spray.
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Flexibility according different conditions
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The spray system executes up to 16 customer-configurable spray
progression to fit any specific weather situation and road condition.
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Active and Passive Pavement Sensors able to anticipate icy
conditions on the road by simulating them before they actually occur
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The concept of anti-icing instead of de-icing, which acts after the icy
condition has been generated attempting to melt the ice following its
formation.
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An AASHTO study, indicates it requires 3 times the chemical to
remove ice as it does to prevent it from forming in the first place.
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Agenda
Transportation Data Integration (TDI) for Traffic Corridors thru cell phones
Traffic Signal Operation and Automation
Traffic Enforcement thru technology
Winter Maintenance Decision Support System
Bridge Maintenance & Operational safety
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
52
© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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Machine Control used on City of Rochester projects: ROC 52, 50th Ave NW,
and 20th Street SE
– Also on Olmsted Co & MnDOT projects
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3D machine control – GPS units
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Stakeless survey
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Reduces cost of project construction
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Increased excavation & grading efficiencies
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – 3D Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – 3D Machine Control
GPS Base Station
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – 3D Machine Control
Traditional Survey
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – 3D Machine Control
Stakeless Survey
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – 3D Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Construction efficiency – Machine Control
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© 2011 IBM Corporation
Acknowledgments
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© 2011 IBM Corporation