Foundations for Law: Student Summary’s
Christian law consist of five basic precepts
Basis of Law – God gave s divine laws and the means of discovering them.
Natural Law – Physical and moral laws revealed in general revelation and built into the structure
of the universe
1, that the source of all divine law is the character and nature of God
2, that the moral order perceives from and reflects the character of God – His holiness justice
truth love and mercy. God’s moral order is as real as the physical order.
3, that we are created in God’s image and thus are significant.
4, that when Jesus Christ took on Human form, Human life assumed even greater significance
5, that God through Christ will Judge the whole human race according to his Standard of Good
and evil.
Divine Law, any law that comes directly from the character of God via special revelation
James, Michael, Katy, Scott
Islam
• Shari’ah: the body of laws Muslims believe are applicable
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Qur’an: rules, restrictions
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Hadith: records of Muhammad, be like him
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Ijma’: communal consensus
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Qiyas: legal reasoning needed to address situations otherwise unaddressed
in the Qur’an and the Hadith
Basis Law- Marxism
Summary
In Marxism, they deny of existence of God and believe that we are the social systems that
evolve. So the interactions of human beings within social structures contain economic class
distinction. And class division within societies creates conflict and disorder and therefore law
comes to existence. In other words, laws are imposed by the state to quell the class disturbance
Key ideas
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Legal theory grounded in denial of existence of God and a belief that we and our social systems are evolving
= requires Marxist to rely on legal positivism as the basis for law
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Interactions of human beings within social structures that contain economic class distinctions
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Class divisions within societies create conflict and disorder and therefore law comes to existence
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Laws are imposed by the state to quell the class disturbance
Cosmic Humanism Law Summary
Andrea, Jonathan, Samuel, Daniel
In cosmic humanism, we are God, and everyone and thing around us is God. Cosmic humanists
look within themselves to make decisions and to look for truth. So thus when looking at law, we
must look within ourselves. All authority in cosmic humanism resides with in the individual If
each of us is God and God is each of us, we can decide the legality of an action only by getting
in touch with our inner God. A key factor is that in cosmic humanism laws and authority are
counter-evolutionary, preventing us from achieving godhood. We must look inside ourselves.
Secular Humanism
To follow the natural law, what that mean is to be guide by common sense. Sense human denial the idea
of natural right so it lead to denial of natural law. Law must be human centered, rather than God centered
Law does not from that natural law but from our own reasoning and judgment.
Since law is only made by humans then the greatest amount of humans that work together will seem to be
like the highest authority(the state), so they have the best idea of what mankind should be centered
around.