Exchanges of Knowledges:
implementation with community
for community
Workshop facilitated by Peter Levesque
Annual NICE Knowledge Exchange 2010
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
June 28 & 29, 2010
Agenda
Introductions
Part 1:
community based
participatory research
Part 2:
fundamentals of
knowledge exchange
and mobilization
Part 3:
conversations and their
component parts
Part 4:
managing the value chain
Part 5:
ethics and empathy as
equal partners with logic
and technique
Summary and discussion
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Introductions
In 10 Seconds:
Example:
1. Your Name
1. Peter Levesque
2. Your Organization
2. Knowledge
Mobilization Works
3. Your Position
3. Director
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Part 1:
Community based
participatory research
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•
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•
Definition(s)
Community
Social Action
Community Building
Community Assessment
Understanding Coalitions
Using the Arts
Internet
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Definition(s)
• Community based
participatory research
•
Community-based participatory research
(CBPR) is a collaborative approach to
research that combines methods of
inquiry with community capacity-building
strategies to bridge the gap between
knowledge produced through research
and what is practiced in communities to
improve health. Interest is growing rapidly
for academic institutions, health agencies,
and communities to form research
partnerships; few agreed-upon guidelines
describe how to develop or evaluate
CBPR proposals or what resources are
required to promote successful
collaborative research efforts.
•
http://ahrq.gov/downloads/pub/evidence/pdf/cbpr/cbpr.pdf
Roots in 3 fields:
– Popular education
– International development
– Shop floor democracy
• Also known as:
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Participatory action research
Community-university research
Action research
Community organizing
Asset based community
development
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Community
• Community is typically
seen in geographic
terms
• Can be based on
shared interests or
characteristics
(ethnicity, sexual
orientation, occupation)
[Fellin 2001]
Community defined as:
1. Functional spatial units that
meet basic needs for
sustenance
2. Units of patterned social
interaction
3. Symbolic units of collective
identity [Hunter 1975]
4. People coming together to
act politically and make
changes [Eng and Parker
1994]
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Social Action
• Classic social action
is grassroots based,
conflict oriented,
with a focus on
direct action, and
geared to organizing
the disadvantaged
or aggrieved to take
action on their own
behalf [Fisher 2005]
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Community Building
• Community building
practice seeks to
engage multiple
dimensions of
community, recognizing
the range of
perspectives and
relationships that exist
and integrating diverse
strategies and methods
of practice. [Walter
2005]
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Community Assessment
• Why do community
assessment?
– Measure, describe and
understand community
lifestyles
– Assess community resources
to lessen external
dependency
– Return needs assessment
data to facilitate decisionmaking
– Provide skill training,
leadership, and organizational
skills
– Facilitate collective activities
and group mobilization
– Enable consciousness raising
• Information for change has
3 purposes:
– To stimulate change or action
– To monitor change or action
– To assess the impact of
change or action
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Understanding Coalitions
• Coalitions, partnerships,
and consortia are popular
strategies for dealing with
complex health and social
issues - they are hard work
[Wandersman, Goodman, Butterfoss, 2005]
• Inter-organizational,
cooperative, synergistic
alliances - from latin: to
grow together/union
Benefits of coalition
• New and broader issues
• Demonstrate wide support
• Maximize power of individuals
and organizations
• Minimize duplication of efforts
and services
• Mobilize talent, resources, and
influence
• Recruit from diverse
constituencies
• Exploit new resources as
conditions change
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Using the Arts
• Literature, music, video,
painting, photography and
other forms of artistic
expression are powerful
tools for community
organizing [McDonald 1998]
• Taps into visceral forms of
knowing and reacting to the
world and carries a great
deal of meaning [Riley 2001]
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Internet
• Has expanded access
to information - but not
for every project or
community effort.
• Best Uses:
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Assessing opposition
Assessing the news coverage
Conducting policy research
Community building
• E.G.:Community Tool Box
http://ctb.ku.edu
– Assessing public health
issues
– Assessing the political
context
– Assessing allies
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Part 2:
Fundamentals of
knowledge exchange
and mobilization
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Definition(s)
Modes
Professional Revolution
Goal
History lesson a la New
Yorker
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Definition(s)
• Knowledge Mobilization
– is the complex process of making what we know ready for
service or action to build value.
– Getting the right information to the right people in the right
format at the right time to influence decision-making
– Never in human history have we hunted for so much data,
information and knowledge.
– Never in human history have we gathered so much that is
useful but not used.
– Growing feeling of being “overfed” with information?
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Modes of KMb
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Professional Revolution
• Knowledge
Management
• Knowledge Transfer
• Knowledge
Exchange
• Knowledge
Mobilization
• Knowledge
Translation
• Evidence-based
practice
• Evidence-based
decision-making
• Evidence-informed
policy
• Evidence-informed
practice
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But what is the goal?
To do the
best
for those
we care
about
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Publish or Perish
New Yorker: Mischa Richter 1966
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Plain language
New Yorker: Dana Fradon 1975
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Use of evidence
New Yorker: Mick Stevens 1989
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Impact
New Yorker: Sam Gross 1991
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Access
New Yorker: John Caldwell 2000
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Part 3:
Conversations and their
component parts
• Definition
• Core considerations
• Relationships of all content
sources
• Dissemination
• Accessibility
• Diversity
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Core KMb Considerations
Context
Conversations
Capacity
Culture
Content
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Conversations
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Content:
Relationships between all sources
Philip Davies, Is Evidence-Based Government Possible?
Jerry Lee Lecture 2004, Washington, DC
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KMb practice to avoid!
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Dissemination
• Scattering of seeds
• Spread widely
– How do we prepare the soil to receive
the seeds?
– How do we nurture the growth of these
seeds?
– What does the harvest look like?
– What happens in the marketplace?
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KMb practice to avoid!
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Accessibility
• Access
– Physical
• Increasing access to findings published in
Journals, on-line, open access, systematic
reviews
– Conceptual
• What does this mean for my practice,
location, context, culture
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KMb practice to avoid!
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Systems need Diversity
• The challenge with herding cats is that
the cats may have interests that are
non-standard.
• How to support BOTH the utilization of
standards and the exploration of the
new?
• Managing for diversity provides the
potential to learn and create resilience.
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Part 4:
Managing the value chain
• Definition
• Traumatic information?
• What is research
knowledge?
• Think of a value chain?
• Exchange
• Networks
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Value Chain
• The value chain, also
known as value chain
analysis, is a concept from
business management that
was first described and
popularized by Michael
Porter in his 1985 bestseller, Competitive
Advantage: Creating and
Sustaining Superior
Performance.
• The sequential set of primary and
support activities that an
enterprise performs to turn inputs
into value-added outputs for its
external customers.
• Hybrid Value Chain
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Richard Heinberg
Taking in traumatic
information and
transmuting it into lifeaffirming action may turn
out to be the most
advanced and
meaningful spiritual
practice of our time.
http://globalpublicmedia.com/how_do_you_like_the_collapse_so_far
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…what is Research Knowledge?
– Hierarchy of Knowledge, Dave Sackett:
• Systematic reviews/ meta-analyses
• RCTs
• Experimental designs
• Cohort control studies
• Case-control studies
• Consensus conference
• Expert opinion
• Observational study
• Other types of study eg. Interview based, local
audit
• Quasi-experimental, qualitative design
• Personal communication
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Thinking of a Value Chain
Programs
Policies
Priorities
Processes
Practice
Innovation
Supporting
Infrastructure
Initiatives
Value Creation
Now What:
Decisions,
Directions, Actions
So What:
Meaning,
Analysis, Interpretation
Products
Perspectives
Procedures
Possibilities
People Skills
Incentives to
Share between
Levels
What: Data, Information, Description, Stories
MULTIPLE INPUTS FROM RESEARCH, PRACTICE, EXPERIENCE, CULTURE
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Exchange
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Network Images:
Collaboration of Physicists
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks/collab.gif
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Network Images:
Characters from Les Misérables
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~mejn/networks/lesmis.gif
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Networks
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Part 5 - brief:
Ethics and empathy as equal
partners with logic and
technique
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Summary & Discussion
– Community engaged
research is
fundamentally about
mobilizing knowledge
– Knowledge comes in
multiple forms: scientific,
traditional, experiential,
explicit, tacit
– Working “with” is very
different from working
“on” or “for”.
– When working with any
vulnerable population
consider the person within
their network.
– There are many layers to the
work, they are interconnected
and emergent
– The internet is a great tool for
access and assessment but
limited.
– Value is always created from
exchange
– Whole systems are more than
the sum of parts.
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4x4 Exercise - time permitting
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Find a discussion partner
5 minutes for each conversation
Produce key words or short phrase from each conversation (2 minutes)
Move to next conversation with a different partner
Questions
1. What has been your key experience from working with community on
research?
2. What are the core skills needed?
3. How do you think about networks?
4. What will you do next to improve your ability to engage with
community?
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Questions & Comments
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Contact Information
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