Plane Sense
R1 11/05/2012
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Federal Aviation
Administration
Introduction
• Review the requirements that an aircraft
operator/owner must know to make an
informed decision about the airworthiness
of an aircraft.
• Three Objectives
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Objective - To define the word “airworthy”
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Objective -To review the requirements that must be
met for an aircraft to be “airworthy”
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Objective – To address the owner/operator and
PIC responsibilities for the airworthiness of an
aircraft
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Understanding “airworthiness”
• The term “airworthy” is often used but not
specifically defined in the regulations
• Our understanding of the word may differ
depending on whether we are a pilot or a
mechanic.
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CIVIL AIRCRAFT
AIRWORTHINESS
• No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it
is in an airworthy condition.
• The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is
responsible for determining whether that
aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot
in command shall discontinue the flight when
unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural
conditions occur.
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CIVIL AIRCRAFT
AIRWORTHINESS Section 91.7
• No person may operate a civil aircraft unless it
is in an airworthy condition.
• The pilot in command of a civil aircraft is
responsible for determining whether that
aircraft is in condition for safe flight. The pilot
in command shall discontinue the flight when
unairworthy mechanical, electrical, or structural
conditions occur.
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AIRWORTHY?
• Two conditions must be met:
– The aircraft conforms to its type certificate, and
has been inspected, maintained, modified and
repaired in-accordance-with the regulations.
– The aircraft is in condition for safe operation.
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AIRWORTHNESS CERTIFICATE
• Terms and Conditions
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WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN?
Fred’s Flyer – Model A
The type design consists of-(a) The drawings and specifications, and a listing of those drawings and
specifications, necessary to define the configuration and the design features of the
product shown to comply with the requirements of that part of this subchapter
applicable to the product;
(b) Information on dimensions, materials, and processes necessary to define the
structural strength of the product;
(c) The Airworthiness Limitations section of the Instructions for Continued
Airworthiness as required by Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, and 35, or as otherwise
required by the Administrator; and as specified in the applicable airworthiness
criteria for special classes of aircraft defined in Sec. 21.17(b).
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WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN?
Fred’s Flyer – Model A
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WHAT DOES TYPE DESIGN MEAN?
Fred’s Flyer – Model A
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www.faa.gov then select “Type Certificate Data Sheets”
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TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
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TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
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TYPE DESIGN DATA SHEETS
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILIES
• An aircraft operator is responsible for the
following items:
– Ensuring that the aircraft has a current
Airworthiness Certificate and Certificate of
Registration in the aircraft. (91.203)
– Verifying that the aircraft is airworthy and in
compliance with all applicable ADs. (91.403)
• A-R-R-O-W
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILIES
– Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded.
– Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations,
including weight and balance, are in the aircraft
and complied with.
– Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILIES
– Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded.
– Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations,
including weight and balance, are in the aircraft
and complied with.
– Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITES
– Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded.
– Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations,
including weight and balance, are in the aircraft
and complied with.
– Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITES
– Assuring that maintenance is properly recorded.
– Ensuring that the aircraft operating limitations,
including weight and balance, are in the aircraft
and complied with.
– Verifying that the aircraft is safe for flight.
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AIRCRAFT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITES (ARROW)
– If the aircraft will be flown outside of U.S.
boundaries, a current FCC Radio Station License
if radios are installed.
– Reporting an aircraft accident to the National
Transportation Safety Board in-accordance-with
CFR 830.
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ARROW
• A-Airworthiness Certificate
• Section 91.203(a)(1)
• R-Registration
• Section 91.203(a)(2)
• R-Radio Station License, when required
• O-Operating Limitations
• Section 91.9(b)(1)&(2)
• W-Weight and Balance
• Sections 23-1519, 23-1583, 23-1559 & 91.9
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THINGS BREAK?
• The airworthiness certificate is no longer in
effect!
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THINGS BREAK?
Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and
Equipment
• Minimum Equipment List – MEL
–
–
–
–
Developed for a specific aircraft
Letter of authorization from the FSDO required
Must be used by everyone who flies the aircraft
Training and records required
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Minimum Equipment List
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THINGS BREAK?
Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and
Equipment
• NO MEL decision chain
–
–
–
–
Regulations – TCDS and 91.205
Manufacturer – equipment list
Remove or deactivate, and placard
Determination of safety
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THINGS BREAK?
Section 91.213: Inoperative Instruments and
Equipment
• NO MEL decision chain
–
–
–
–
Regulations – TCDS and 91.205
Manufacturer – equipment list
Remove or deactivate, and placard
Determination of safety
Plane Sense
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WHAT HAPPENS WHEN
THINGS BREAK?
91.213 Inoperative Instruments and
Equipment
• NO MEL decision chain
–
–
–
–
Regulations – TCDS and 91.205
Manufacturer – equipment list
Remove or deactivate, and placard
Determination of safety
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
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PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
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SPECIAL FLIGHT PERMIT
• A Special Airworthiness Certificate may be
issued and or…..
• Faxed Special Flight Permit which includes
operating limitations for intended flight.
• Aircraft may be flown without required
equipment or inspections performed.
• Aircraft must be in a condition for safe
operation
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SPECIAL AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATE
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
Federal Aviation
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
Federal Aviation
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
Federal Aviation
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
Federal Aviation
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
Federal Aviation
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REQUIRED INSPECTIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annual inspection
100 hour inspection
Progressive inspection
Pitot-static/Altimeter
Transponder
ELT
30-day VOR check
Current GPS data base
Plane Sense
91.409(a)
91.409(b)
91.409(d)
91.411
91.413
91.207
91.171
91.103 / 91.7
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FORM 337
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SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES
Limitations and Conditions: The installation should not be
incorporated in any aircraft unless it is determined that the
interrelationship between this installation and any previously
approved configuration will not introduce any adverse effect
upon the airworthiness of the aircraft. The approval of this
modification applies to the above-noted aircraft model series
only. A copy of this STC must be included in the permanent
records of the modified aircraft.
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AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
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AD COMPLIANCE RECORD
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Responsibilities
• 14 CFR part 91, section 91.417 states that an
aircraft owner/operator shall, keep and maintain
aircraft maintenance records.
• 14 CFR part 43, sections 43.9 and 43.11 state
that maintenance personnel, however, are
required to make the record entries.
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What Must Be In The Maintenance
Records?
• Description of the work performed
• Date the work was completed
• Signature and certificate number of the person
I certify that this aircraft has been
approving the work
inspected in accordance with an annual
inspection and was determined to be in an
airworthy condition
SIGNATURE
IA 4456782435
In addition Section 43.9 includes:
• The name of any person working on the aircraft and
the certificate type of the approving person
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REVIEW OF RESPONSIBILITIES
• DOCUMENTS
–
–
–
–
–
Airworthiness
Registration
Radio License
Operating Limitations
Weight & Balance
• AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES
• REQUIRED MAINTENANCE RECORDS
• INSPECTIONS
– Annual
– 100-hour
– Pitot-static
·
- Transponder
- ELT
- VOR and GPS data base
ACCIDENT and SAFETY REPORTING
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REVIEW OF RESPONSIBILITIES
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Summary
• Defined Airworthy
• Discussed Airworthy Requirements
• Discussed Owner/Operator/Pilot-in
Command Airworthiness Responsibilities
• Accident and Safety Reporting
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YOUR TIME FOR:
Questions??
Comments….
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THANK YOU!!
The FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) is dedicated to Quality
Customer Service and we would value your feedback. Please
provide your feedback at:
www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/avs/offices/afs/qms
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