MEANING OF
DIRECTING
•
•
•
•
IT IS ONE OF THE FUNCTIONS OF MANAGEMENT
IT IS A PROCESS OF GIVING INSTRUCTIONS
IT IS A PROCESS OF GUIDING THE SUBORDINATES
IT IS A PROCESS OF KEEPING AN EYE ON THE
WORKING
• IT IS A PROCESS OF MOTIVATING THE PERSONNEL
WORKING IN THE ORGANISATION
• IT IS A PROCESS OF LEADING THE SUBORDINATES
IMPORTANCE OF
DIRECTING
• INITIATES ACTION
• INTEGRATES EMPLOYEES
EFFORTS
• MEANS OF MOTIVATION
• BRINGS BALANCE IN THE
ORGANISATION
• FACILIATATES CHANGE
INTIATES ACTION
THE MAIN AIM OF DIRECTING IS TO
ACTIVATE EMPLOYEE TO WORK
TOWARD
THE
ATTAINMENT
(RELISATION) OF PREDETERMIND
GOALS OF THE ORGANISATION.
MANAGER STIMULATE ACTION BY
ISSUING
INSTRUCTIONS
&
SUPERVISING THE SUBORDINATES
INTEGRATES EMPLOYEES
EFFORTS
DIRECTING, INTEGRATES THE
ACTIVITIES OF
SUBORDINATES, BY
SUPERVISION, GUIDANCE AND
COUNSELLING, BECAUSE THE
PERFORMANCE OF EACH
INDIVIDUAL AFFECTS THE
PERFORMANCE OF OTHERS.
MEANS OF MOTIVATION
• ORGANISATIONAL
OBJECTIVES CANNOT BE
REALISED UNLESS PEOPLE
ARE MOTIVATED TO WORK
WILLINGLY AND PERFORM
WELL TO THE BEST OF
THEIR ABILITIES.
BALANCE IN THE
ORGANISATION
DIRECTING
HELPS
TO
REMOVE INDIVIDUAL AND
ORGANISATIONAL
CONFLICTS
AND
INTEGRATES INDIVIDUAL
AND
ORGANISATIONAL
GOALS.
FACILITATES CHANGE
THROUGH COMMUNICATION
AND
LEADERSHIP
DIRECTING
HELPS
THE
ORGANISATION TO ADJUST
IN
A
CHANGING
CONDITION.
ELEMENTS OF
DIRECTION
1. SUPERVISION(overseeing)
2. MOTIVATION(stimulating)
3. LEADERSHIP(influencing)
4. COMMUNICATION(exchanging
ideas)
FUNCTIONS OF A
SUPERVISIOR
(importance of supervision)
1.
SHEDULING:SUPERVISOR
ENSURES PERFORMANCE
OF WORK ACCORDING TO
TARGET SET.
• 2. FRIEND,PHILOSOPHER AND
GUIDE : SUPERVISOR IS FRIENDLY
WITH ALL THE WORKERS.
• 3. MAINTAINS GROUP UNITY : HE
SORTSOUT INTERNAL
DIFFERENCES AND MAINTAINS
HORMONY AMONG WORKERS.
• 4. PROVIDES ON THE JOB
TRAINING:HE PROVIDES
APPRENTICESHIP AND COACHING
TO THE WORKERS WORKING
UNDER HIM.
• 5. PROVIDES LEADERSHIP : HE
PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN
INFLUENCING THE WORKERS IN
THE ORGANISATION.
• 6. GIVES FEEDBACK : A GOOD
SUPERVISOR ANALYSES THE WORK
PERFORMED AND SUGGESTS WAYS
AND MEANS OF DEVELOPING
SKILLS.
• 7. PROVIDES ON THE JOB
TRAINING TO WORKERS.
• 8. INFLUENCES THE WORKERS
AND BUILDS UP MORALE
AMONG WORKERS.
IMPORTANCE OF SUPERVISION
7. ACTS AS A LINK BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND WORKERS
MANAGEMENT
CONVEYS
MANAGEMENT
IDEAS TO
WORKERS
SUPERVISORS
WORKERS
CONVEYS
WORKERS
PROBLEMS TO
MANAGEMENT
Features of motivation
1. An internal feeling
Urge, drives, desires, aspirations,
needs etc. which are internal
influence human behaviour.
Eg. Urge for possessing motor bike,
for
comfortable
house,
for
reputation.
2. Produces goal directed
behaviour.
• Promotion may improve the
performance.
• If the employee is interested in
promotion, it helps to produce a
behaviour to improve the
performance
3. Can be either positive or
negative
• Positive rewards like increase in
pay, promotion and recognition.
• Negative means like punishment,
stopping increments, threatening.
Features of motivation
4. Complex process as
individuals are heterogeneous
in their expectations,
perceptions and reactions.
• Any type of motivation may not have
uniform effect on all members.
Motivation Process
Unsatisfied
Need
Tension
Drives
Search Behaviour
Satisfied Need
Reduction of
Tension
ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING
MOTIVATION
• MEANING:
MOTIVATION
MEANS
INDUCEMENT TO ACT.
• IN BUSINESS: MOTIVATION MEANS
THE
PROCESS
OFMAKING
SUBORDINATES TO ACT IN A
DESIRED MANNER TO ACHIEVE
ORGANISATIONAL GOALS.
• MOTIVATION
MEANS
A
PROCESS
OF
STIMULATING
PEOPLE
TO
ACTION
TO
ACCOMPLISH DESIRED GOALS.”
IMPORTANCE OF
MOTIVATION
• PUTS HUMAN RESOURCES INTO
ACTION
• IMPROVES EFFICIENCY
• CREATES SUPPORTIVE WORK
ENVIRONMENT
• REDUCTION IN RESISTANCE TO
CHANGE
• REDUCTION IN EMPLOYEES
TURNOVER.
PUTS HUMAN RESOURCES
INTO ACTION
• MOTIVATION BUILDS THE
WILL TO WORK ALONG
EMPLOYEES AND ENABLES
THE
MANAGEMENT
TO
SECURE
THE
BEST
POSSIBLE UTILISATION OF
ALL RESOURCES.
IMPROVE EFFICIENCY
• LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON
INDIVIDUAL ABILITIES BUT
ALSO
ON
THEIR
WILLINGNESS TO ACHIEVE A
HIGHER
LEVEL
OF
PERFORMANCE
&
MOTIVATION
INFUSES
WILLINGNESS TO WORK.
CREATES SUPPORTIVE
WORK ENVIRONMENT
• MOTIVATION HELPS THE
EMPLOYEES TO KEEP
THEIR
SATISFACTION
LEVEL
HIGH.
A
SATISFIED
EMPLOYEE
WILL CO-OPERAT E THE
OTHER EMPLOYEES.
REDUCTION IN
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
MOTIVATED
EMLOYEES
KNOW
THAT
SUCH
CHANGES WILL BRING IN
ADDITIONAL REWARD FOR
THEM
TOO
SO
THEY
BECOME READY TO ACCEPT
THE CHANGES.
REDUCTION IN
EMPLOYEES TURNOVER.
• GENERALLY IN AN ORGANISATION
THE EMPLOYEES TURNOVER IS
HIGH DUE TO BAD WORKING
CONDITION,
POOR
RELATIONS
WITH
SUPERIOR,
INADEQUATE
REWARD OR REMUNERATION ETC.
ALL THESE DEFICIENCIES ARE
TAKEN CARE OF BY MOTIVATION.
Why Motivation is so Important
 helps to improve performance levels of
employees as well as the organisation
 helps to change negative or indifferent
attitudes of employee to positive attitudes
 helps to reduce employee turnover and
thereby saves the cost of new recruitment
and training.
 helps to reduce absenteeism in the
organisation
 helps managers to introduce changes
smoothly without much resistance from
people.
HOW TO MOTIVATE PEPOLE
• Since motivation is highly complex,
many researchers have studied about
motivation from several dimensions
and developed some theories. These
theories
help
to
develop
understanding
about
motivation
phenomenon.
• Among
these,
Maslow’s
Need
Hierarchy
Theory
is
considered
fundamental to understanding of
motivation. Let us examine it in detail.
Maslow’s Need Hierarchy Theory of Motivation
• His theory was based on human
needs. He felt that within every
human being, there exists a
hierarchy of five needs. These are:
Assumptions of Maslow’s theory
People’s behaviour is based on their needs.
Satisfaction of such needs influences their
behaviour
People’s needs are in hierarchical order, starting
from basic needs to other higher level needs.
A satisfied need can no longer motivate a
person; only next higher level need can
motivate him.
A person moves to the next higher level of the
hierarchy only when the lower need is satisfied.
Basic physiological
needs
• These needs are most
basic in the hierarchy
and corresponds to
primary needs.
Hunger ,thirst ,
shelter , sleep etc. are
some examples of
basic needs .
shelter
Food (hunger)
Safety/Security needs:These needs provide
security and
protection from
physical and
emotional harm .Job ,
security ,stability of
income ,pension plans
etc. are some
examples of safety
needs.
Income
Affiliation/belongingnes
s needs:•These needs
refer to
affection ,sense
of belongingness
, acceptance and
friendship.
Knowing the
societies
Esteem needs:These include
factors such as self-respect,
autonomy status ,
recognition and attention.
Self actualisation
needs:It is the highest level of
need in the hierarchy.
It refers to the drive
to become what one is
capable of becoming.
These needs include
growth, selffulfillment and
achievement of goals.
ORGANISATIONAL EXAMPLE
BASIC SALARY
PENSION PLAN
CORDIAL RELATIONS WITH
COLLEAGUES
JOB TITTLE
ACHIEVEMENTOF GOALS
Maslow’s Need
Hierarchy
LEADERSHIP
• IT IS A PROCESS BY WHICH
AN EXECUTIVE
IMAGINATIVELY DIRECTS,
GUIDES AND INFLUENCES
THE WORK OF OTHERS IN
ATTAINING SPECIFIED
GOALS OF THE
ORGANISATION.
IMPORTANCE OF
LEADERSHIP
• HELPS IN GUIDING &
INSPIRING EMPLOYEES.
• SECURES COOPERATION.
• CREATES CONFIDENCE.
• IMPROVES PRODUCTIVITY.
• IMPROVES JOB SATISFACTION.
HELPS IN GUIDING AND
INSPIRING EMPLOYEES
A LEADER CREATES & URGE IN
THE EMPLOYEE FOR HIGHER
PERFORMANCE.
A
LEADER
DIRECTS
THE
POTENTIAL
ABILITIES
OF
EMPLOYEES
TOWARDS
THE
ACCOMPLISHMENT OF GOALS.
SECURES COOPERATION.
• AS
LEADERS,
MANAGERS
PERSUADE
EMPLOYEES
TO
WORK ENTHUSIASTICALLY AND
WITH
CONFIDENCE.
HE
CONVINCES THE SUBORDINATES
ABOUT THE SPECIFIED GOALS
AND PERSUADES EMPLOYEES
TO WORK DILIGENTLY AND
ACHIEVE GOALS.
CREATES CONFIDENCE.
• SOMETIMES, INDIVIDUALS FAIL
TO
RECOGNISE
THEIR
QUALITIES & CAPABILITIES.
THE
LEADER
CREATES
CONFIDENCE
AMONG
THEM
BECAUSE OF HIS INSIGHT,
UNDERSTANDING AND ABILITY
TO HANDLE SITUATION.
IMPROVES
PRODUCTIVITY.
• EFFICIENCY
OF
PERFORMANCE DEPENDS ON
MOTIVATION,
CONFIDENCE
AND
COOPERATION
OF
EMPLOYEE.
LEADERSHIP SECURES THESE
ELEMENTS AT WORK PLACE.
IMPROVES JOB
SATISFACTION.
• APART
FROM
THE
PHYSICAL
CONDITIONS AT WORK PLACE, JOB
SATISFACTION
OF
EMPLOYEES
DEPENDS ON THE BEHAVIOUR OF
MANAGER
TOWARDS
SUBORDINATES.
GUIDANCE
AND
SUPPORT BY LEADER IMPROVE JOB
SATISFACTION
LETS WATCH SOME
GREAT LEADERS OF
THE WORLD
M. S.
DHONI
One of the most successful captains
the Indian Cricket Team has ever seen.
BILL
GATES
The chairman of
Microsoft, Gates is one
of the best-known
entrepreneurs of the
personal computer
revolution. He is
consistently ranked
among the world's
wealthiest people
Feedback
receive
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SENDER
sender
RECEIVER
All messages do not reach the
receiver due to “distortion”
Feedback
Receiver
Sender
Distortion
BARRIERS OF
COMMUNICATION
• SEMANTIC
BARRIERS
• PSYCHOLOGICAL
BARRIERS
• ORGANISATIONAL
BARRIERS
• PERSONAL
BARRIERS
SEMANTIC BARRIERS
• BADLY EXPRESSED
MESSAGE
• SYMBOLS WITH
DIFFERENT
MEANINGS
• FAULTY
TRANSLATIONS
• UNCLARIFIED
ASSUMPTIONS
• TECHNICAL
JARGON
• BODY LANGUAGE
AND GESTURE
DECODING
PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS
• PREMATURE
EVALUATION
• LACK OF
ATTENTION
• LOSS BY
TRANSMISSION
AND POOR
RETENTION
• DISTRUST
ORGANISATIONAL BARRIERS
• ORGANISATIONAL
POLICY
• RULES AND
REGULATIONS
• STATUS
DIFFERNCES
• COMPLEX
ORGANISATION
• ORGANISATIONAL
FACILITIES
PERSONAL BARRIERS
• LACK OF
CONFIDENCE OF
SUPERIOR IN
HIS
SUBORDINATES
• LACK OF
INCENTIVES
• FEAR OF
AUTHORITY
SAURABH JAITLY
PGT COMMERCE