Macro to Micro
#1 –
– Lessons 1-7
 Test
-Classification
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Taxonomy is the classification of living things
Developed by Carolus Lennaeus around
1735
He developed a 7 layers system: Kingdom,
Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and
Species
Scientific Name
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The number and diversity of organisms
increase as you move up through the layers
The similarities among organisms increase
as you move down through the layers
Scientific Name
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Organisms can be classified by location,
scientist or behavior of that organism
One organism, two names (genus and
species):
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The first name is the genus (usually a noun)
The second name is the species (usually an
adjective)
First letter of the genus is ALWAYS capitalized.
The entire name is always in italics
Acer rubrum
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Acer means “maple”
rubrum means “red”
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So Acer rubrum is a red maple tree.
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Living Organisms
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All move
All reproduce
All grow
All respond to the environment
All produce waste
Kingdoms
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There are 5 kingdoms
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Plant
Animal
Bacteria
Protist
Fungus
Insects
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Hundreds of types of insects on earth
Can be destructive
Have 3 body parts (head, thorax and
abdomen), six legs (or two sets of three
legs), four wings, antenna and an
exoskeleton
Parasitic wasps help lower Earth’s pest
population
WOWBug
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Dr. Matthews has worked with WOWBugs for
many years
WOWBug is a parasitic insect
Lays its eggs in a host
Usually damages or kills the host
WOWBug
Female
Male
California Blackworm
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Usually no more than 10 cm long
Anterior and posterior can regenerate
Can be found on the edge of ponds and lakes
Swims by twisting is body through the water
Blood carries food and oxygen throughout the body
The blackworm can regenerate where ever it is cut
while the earthworm can only regenerate when cut
on the clitellum (which the blackworm does not have)
Habitat
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Plants, animals, and other organisms live within
every ecosystem
The living component of an ecosystem is referred to
as a community
Organisms within an ecosystem perform certain jobs
that keep the ecosystem functioning
Organisms can share an ecosystem but have a
different habitat
Fast plants
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Life cycle is 6 weeks
Dr. Williams found that cross pollinating decreased
the life cycle
Fast plants can grow in space
Fast plants will germinate in light or dark conditions
Plants that grow in space can be harvested for food
Mr. Lauffer also worked on the fast plants.
Seed development
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The process by which a seed becomes a
plant is called germination
Germination usually happens underground
A seed can withstand hot and cold
temperatures
Life cycle of a plant – germination,
pollination, fertilization
Life Cycle video
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http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=Plant+
Life+Cycle+&docid=1207892771057&mid=0
9A7958B87FC5BB5B67D09A7958B87FC5B
B5B67D&FORM=VIVR6#
Monocots and Dicots
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Monocot leaf
Dicots include nearly all our trees,
bushes, vegetable-garden plants
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Dicot leaf
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Monocots include all grasses and
glasslike plants, plus lilies, irises,
amaryllises, and some other plant
types
Cabbage White Butterfly – Life Cycle
Plant cells are much like animal cells, except for a
couple of differences
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A) Plant cells have cell walls, which make them
appear rectangular-shaped
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B) Plant cells have chlorophyll, the lightabsorbing pigment required for
photosynthesis. This pigment is contained in
structures called chloroplasts, which makes
plants appear green
Plant Cell- Onion cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
Cellulose material
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Animal Cell – Cheek Cell
Cell Parts and Functions
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The cell wall also
provides support for the
cell
The cell wall is only in a
plant cell
Chloroplast
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chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
which help to make the food for the
plant (glucose)
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An onion is a bulb, it is food storage
for the actual onion plant, it doesn't
make its own food so doesn't need
chloroplasts
Nucleus
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A small, typically round
granular body
composed of protein
and RNA in the nucleus
of a cell
Called the “brain” of the
cell
Cytoplasm
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Living material within
the cell membrane
Vacuole
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Containing waste
products
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Isolating materials that
might be harmful or a
threat to the cell
Cell Membrane
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semi-permeable,
controlling the
movement of
substances in
and out of cells
Additional Information
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This information is a review and most of everything on the power point is
in the book and should be in your notes.
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Not all the answers are in the book. What this means is that there are
questions where you will have to “infer” the answer.
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There are 28 multiple questions and one scientific drawing.
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This is a closed note, book, and lab book test. You use only your brain.
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Be smart…you are smart. Relax and “show me” that you know
everything.
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Don’t memorize everything. Use common sense.
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Always eliminate 2 answers that don’t make sense or that you know is
wrong and then pick the best answer.
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Don’t change an answer unless you are 100% sure that the answer is
wrong. 90% of people change right answers to wrong answers.