RDA for Copy Catalogers
Roman S. Panchyshyn
Catalog Librarian, Assistant Professor
Kent State University
NEO/RLS
May 15, 2013
Acknowledgments
Thomas Brenndorfer (Guelph Public Library)
Tom Delsey (Former RDA editor)
Chris Oliver (McGIll University)
Pat Riva (BANQ)
Adam Schiff (University of Washington)
Margaret Stewart (Library & Archives Canada)
Barbara Tillett (Library of Congress)
Tina Grover (Ryerson)
Sevim McCutcheon (Kent State University)
Library of Congress RDA Training Site
• LC maintains an RDA Training Materials
Site that you can consult. All materials are
free to access
• http://www.loc.gov/catworkshop/RDA%20t
raining%20materials/
RDA Copy Cataloging Issues
• General guidelines and terminology
• Learn how to identify an RDA record
• Learn the concepts behind Works,
Expressions, Manifestations, Items
• Learn how to use the RDA Toolkit to find
relevant RDA information
• Develop local RDA policies and procedures
Cataloging with RDA
What is new
What is familiar
• International cataloging
Principles (IFLA: 2009)
• new concepts, terms,
instructions, workflows
• updated MARC tags,
subfields and codes to
accommodate RDA
elements
Most of us will continue
• to encode in MARC21
using a few new tags
such as 336, 337, 338
• to use ISBD
punctuation, which is
included in appendix D
(D.1.2)
Why RDA?
• Catalogs are no longer in isolation
– Global access to data
– ‘linked data systems’
• Integrate bibliographic data with wider
Internet environment
– Share data beyond institutions
– Any user – any place – any time
The Cataloging Environment
Databases,
Repositories
Services
VIAF
LCSH
Web front
end
Supposed AACR2 “Problems”
• Increasingly complex
• Lack of logical structure
• Mix of content and carrier data
• Hierarchical relationships are missing
• Anglo-American centric
• Pre-dates FRBR
• Not enough support for ‘collocation’
• Did not foresee Internet and well-formed metadata or
vocabularies
RDA: Tool for the Digital World
• Easy to use and interpret
• Applicable to an online, networked environment
• Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of
media
• Encourage use beyond library community
• Compatible with other similar standards
• Have a logical structure based on internationally agreedupon principles
• Separate content and carrier data, and separate content
from display
• Examples – numerous and appropriate
Structure of RDA Online
• Entities and their attributes
– Group 1 (Work-Expression-ManifestationItem) (Chapters 1-7)
– Group 2 (Personal-Family-Corporate Body)
(Chapters 8-16)
• Relationships (Chapters 17-37)
• Appendicies A-L
FRBR/FRAD Refresher – Relationships
Inherent Group 1 Relationships
Work
is realized through
Expression
is embodied in
Manifestation
is exemplified by
Item
FRBR/FRAD Refresher – Relationships
Work
Relationships
Between Groups 1 and 2
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is owned by
is produced by
Person
Family
is realized by
Corporate Body
is created by
12
RDA: What it is -- A Content Standard
• Not a display standard (as is AACR2)
– But it does contain …
• Appendix D for ISBD
• Appendix E for AACR2 style for access
points
• Not an encoding standard
– ‘Schema-neutral’
– Can be encoded in:
• MARC 21
• Dublin Core
• etc.
14
Int’l cataloging Principles (2009)
Convenience of the user
descriptions and controlled forms of names
for access should be made with the user in
mind
Representation
descriptions & forms of names should be
based on the way an entity describes itself
Accuracy
the entity should be faithfully portrayed
ICP in RDA 1.2
The data should
• serve to differentiate
• be sufficient to help the user select an
appropriate resource
• reflect the resource’s representation of itself
• accurately correct or clarify ambiguous,
unintelligible, or misleading representations
• reflect common usage
RDA Example: 2.8.1.4 and 2.20.7.3
Reflect the resource’s representation of itself,
while providing information to correct or
clarify
260 $a Belfast
500 $a Actually published in Dublin.
1.4 Language & Script
Transcribe elements in the language and
script in which they appear
• Alternative if an element listed cannot be
recorded in the script used on the source,
record it in a transliterated form.
• Optional addition record an element in a
transliterated form in addition to the form
recorded in the script used on the source.
1.7 Transcription
• capitalize the first word of a title, the
first word of a name … as applicable
to the language involved
• transcribe marks of punctuation as
they appear
A.4 For titles with unusual
capitalization, follow the capitalization
of the title as found on the source of
information
Transcribing titles proper
RDA 1.7.9 and 2.3.1.4
245 $a Trina’s gide to
rock climbing
246 $i Corrected title:
$a Trina’s guide to
rock climbing
AACR
• Trina’s gide
[sic] to rock
climbing
• Trina’s g[u]ide
• Trina’s gide
[i.e. guide]
RDA
AACR2
element
area
authorized access point heading
creator
author,
illustrator, etc.
preferred name for a
person
personal name
RDA
AACR2
preferred title +
authorized access point
for creator
main entry
preferred title + other
information to
differentiate
uniform title
collective title
uniform title
RDA
AACR2
variant access point
See reference
authorized access point
for related entity
See also
reference
carrier description
physical
description
preferred sources (the
chief source
sources for information have been
expanded too)
Before you begin
• Determine the mode of issuance
• Choose the type of description
• Develop local policy for alternatives and
options, or decide to leave to the discretion
of the individual cataloger
• In RDA, LCPS have been reissued and
renamed LC-PCC-PS (Library of
Congress, Program for Cooperative
Cataloging, Policy Statement)
1.1.3 Mode of Issuance
monograph complete in one part or intended to be
completed within a finite number of parts
multipart monograph issued in two or more parts
(either simultaneously or successively) that is
complete or intended to be completed within a
finite number of parts
serial issued in successive parts, usually bearing
numbering, no predetermined conclusion
integrating resource added to or changed by means
of updates that do not remain discrete
1.5.1 Type of Description
comprehensive
describe a single- or multi-part resource, serial,
integrating resource, assembled collection
analytical
describe a part contained within a larger
resource
hierarchical
describe a resource consisting of 2 or more parts
using both comprehensive and analytical
descriptions
Choices in RDA
• elements beyond Core and Core if to
include in local cataloging (see LC Core
Elements list)
• alternatives to do something different than
instructed
• optional omissions
• optional additions
• adherence to your local agency’s policies
Choice of Different Approaches
3.4.5.3 when giving the extent of a resource
consisting entirely of unnumbered pages,
use one of the following
300 $a 93 unnumbered pages
300 $a approximately 90 pages
300 $a 1 volume (unpaged)
0.6 Core Elements
As a minimum, a resource description should
include all the core elements that are
applicable and readily ascertainable.
The description should also include any
additional elements that are required in a
particular case to differentiate the resource
from one or more other resources.
The inclusion of other specific elements is
discretionary
Recommend following LC
1.3 Core Elements for Manifestations and Items
Title proper
Statement of
responsibility
Edition
Serials numbering
Production (core if)
Publication
Distribution,
manufacture (core
if)
Copyright date
Series
Identifier
Carrier type
Extent
2.2.2 Preferred Sources
Use formally presented information on title
page, cover, caption, masthead, colophon
Treat accompanying material and/or
container such as a box in which a game or
kit is issued, as part of the resource itself
when describing the resource as a whole
using a comprehensive description
2.2.4 Other Sources
Take information from one of the following
sources (in order of preference):
• a) accompanying material (a leaflet, an
"about" file)
• b) a container that is not issued as part of the
resource itself (a box, case made by the owner)
• c) other published descriptions of the resource
• d) any other available source (a reference
source)
2.3.1 Title Proper
Transcribe a title as it appears on the source
of information and apply the general
guidelines on transcription
Optional omission: abridge a long title only if
it can be abridged without loss of essential
information. Use a mark of omission (…) to
indicate such an omission. Never omit any
of the first five words
2.3.1.4 Title Proper
for monographs: transcribe as it
appears
245 $a Good faires of New York
246 $i Title should read:
$a Good fairies of New York
for serials & integrating resources:
correct obvious typographic errors,
and make a note
2.3.4 Other Title Information
do not supply, transcribe what you find, with
an exception for cartographic resources and
moving image resources
• example map
245 $a Vegetation : $b [in Botswana]
• example moving image
245 $a Annie Hall : $b [trailer]
2.3.4.3 Continuing Resources
Record other title information appearing on
the same source of information as the title
proper
245$a The Greenwood tree : $b newsletter of
the Somerset and Dorset Family History
Society
245$a The purple purl
a newsletter without a subtitle on resource
2.3.3.3 Parallel Titles
• transcribe as they appear
• can be taken from anywhere within the
resource
• record the titles in the order indicated by
the sequence, layout, or typography of the
titles on the source or sources of
information
2.4.2 Statement of Responsibility
Sources that can be used are expanded, so
that only statements taken from outside the
resource itself are enclosed in square
brackets
2.4.2.2 Take SOR from
a) the same source as the title proper
b) another source within the resource itself
c) one of the other sources of information
specified under 2.2.4
2.4.1.4 Statement of Responsibility
Transcribe a statement of responsibility in the
form in which it appears on the source of
information
$c created by the fourth grade class of
Washington Elementary School, Berkeley, CA
option: abridge without loss of essential
information
$c sponsored by the Library Association
Source of information reads: sponsored by the
Library Association (founded 1877)
2.4.1.5 -- No Rule of Three
Record a statement naming more than one
person, family or corporate body as a single
statement regardless of whether the
persons, etc., named perform the same or
different functions
$c by J. David Hulchanski, Philipa Campsie,
Shirley B.Y. Chau, Stephen W. Hwang,
Emily Paradis, general editors.
2.4.1.5
Optional omission: If a single statement of
responsibility names more than three persons,
etc., performing the same function or with the
same degree of responsibility, omit all but the first
of each group … indicate the omission by
summarizing … indicate that the summary was
taken from a source outside the resource itself
$c by J. David Hulchanski [and four others]
2.4.1.8 Noun Phrases in SOR
treat the noun or noun phrase that occurs
with a statement of responsibility as part of
the statement of responsibility
245 $a Characters from Dickens /
$c dramatised adaptations by Barry
Campbell
245 $a The girl who fell from the sky / $c a
novel by Heidi W. Durrow
2.5.1 Edition
• transcribe an edition statement as it appears on
the source of information.
• apply the general guidelines on transcription
given under 1.7 (transcription)
• B.4 : for transcribed elements, use only those
abbreviations found in the sources of information
for the element
250 $a Canadian edition
250 $a Northern ed.
2.6 Serials Numbering
• Record numbers expressed as numerals or
as words applying the general guidelines
given under 1.8 : transcribe in the form in
which they appear
Exception : Substitute a slash for a hyphen, as
necessary, for clarity
• when describing a serial that has ceased
publication, record the numbering for the
last issue or part
2.7 Production Statement
a statement identifying the place & producer
& date(s) of production of a resource in an
unpublished form ; includes statements
relating to the inscription, fabrication,
construction, etc.
2.7.6.6 if the date or an approximate date of
production for an unpublished resource
cannot reasonably be determined, use
$c date of production not identified
2.8 Publication Statement
transcribe places of publication and
publishers' names in the form in which they
appear on the source of information. Apply
the general guidelines on transcription
given under 1.7
• optional omission : omit levels in a
corporate hierarchy that are not required
to identify the publisher. Do not use a mark
of omission (…) to indicate this has been
done
2.8.2 place of publication
• include what is presented on the source
• record more than one place in the order
indicated on the source, only 1st is required
• if place is not identified anywhere on the
resource but known, supply it in square
brackets
• if place is uncertain, include a question mark
• if neither a known nor a probable place of
publication can be determined, use Place of
publication not identified
2.8.4 Publisher’s Name
• transcribe publishers' names in the form in
which they appear, optionally omit levels in a
corporate hierarchy that are not required to
identify the publisher
• if the name as transcribed is known to be
fictitious, or requires clarification, make a
note giving the actual name
• if more than one is named, record in the order
indicated by the sequence, layout, or
typography of the names on the source but
only 1st is core
2.8.6 Date of Publication
• record as it appears
• if the date as it appears in the resource is
known to be fictitious or incorrect, make a
note giving the actual date (see 2.20.7.3)
• if date is not found anywhere on the resource
but known, supply it in square brackets
• if date is uncertain, include a question mark
• if neither a known nor a probable place of
publication can be determined, use date of
publication not identified
Publication Statements
Elements get their own square brackets
264 #1 $a [London] : $b [Phipps], $c [1870]
264 #1 $a Duncan, British Columbia : $b
[Eaglecrest Books], $c [2008]
do not add Latin abbreviations
264 #1 $a [Place of publication not identified] :
$b [publisher not identified], $c [2010]
264 #4 $c©2010
Core If!
•
•
•
•
production is core for unpublished resources
publication is core for published resources
distribution is core if publication is not given
manufacturer is core if neither distribution or
publication is given
© does not substitute for a publication date
Copyright date is a core element if neither the
date of publication nor the date of distribution
is identified
Comments on 264 Field
• Replaces 260 field and adds granularity to
make distinctions between functions, such
as
– Production
– Publication
– Distribution
– Manufacture
– Copyright
264 Indicators
First Indicator
(Statement sequence)
• # Not applicable/No
information
provided/Earliest
• 2 Intervening
• 3 Current/latest
Second Indicator
(Function of entity)
• 0 Production
• 1 Publication
• 2 Distribution
• 3 Manufacture
• 4 Copyright notice
date
2.12 Series Statement
• transcribe the series title as it appears on
the source of information, apply the general
guidelines on transcription given under 1.7
• record the numbering as it appears on the
source of information, Apply the general
guidelines on transcription given under
1.7 and the general guidelines on numbers
expressed as numerals or as words given
under 1.8
2.15 Identifier
• take identifiers for the manifestation from any
source
• if the identifier is one for which there is a
prescribed display format (e.g., ISBN, ISSN,
URN), record it in accordance with that
format
• if there is no prescribed display format for the
identifier, record it as it appears on the source
and precede it with a trade name or the name
of the agency responsible for assigning it if
available
3.3 Carrier Type (338)
• select from a controlled list of terms reflecting
the format of the storage medium and housing
of a carrier in combination with the type of
intermediation device required to view, play,
run, etc., the content of a resource
• use evidence presented by the resource itself
(including accompanying material or
container) plus take additional evidence from
any source
• record as many terms as are applicable to the
resource being described
3.4 Extent
• give the number of units and an appropriate
term for the type of carrier as listed under
3.3.1.3
• record the term in the singular or plural, as
applicable. For instructions on using other
terms to designate the type of unit see 3.4.1.5
• if the resource consists of more than one type
of carrier, record the number of each
applicable type. Specify the number of
subunits, if applicable, as instructed under
3.4.1.7–3.4.1.9
3.4.1.5 Other terms for Carriers
use a term in common usage, including a trade name, if
applicable
a) if the carrier is in a newly developed format that is
not yet covered in the list
b) if none of the terms listed is appropriate, or
c) as an alternative to a term listed under 3.3.1.3, if
preferred by the agency preparing the description.
audio disc or
CD
computer disc or CD-ROM, DVD-ROM
videodisc
or
DVD, Blue-Ray
RDA 3.4 Extent and 7.15
Extent is core element if the resource is
complete or if the total extent is known
300 $a xvii, 323 pages : $b illustrations
300 $a 93 unnumbered pages : $b chiefly
illustrations
300 $a approximately 90 pages : $b maps
(some color)
300 $a 1 volume (unpaged)
Extent for a print book
300 $a 153 pages : $b illustrations ; $c 22
cm.
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
Note that cm. is abbreviated (unit of measure)
7.15 Illustrative Content
• if the resource contains illustrative content, record
illustration or illustrations, as appropriate
• tables containing only words and/or numbers are
not considered as illustrative content
• disregard illustrated title pages and minor
illustrations
• include details of the illustrative content if they are
considered to be important for identification or
selection.
336-337-338 Tags
General material designations in subfield $h
in 245 have been replaced by 3 new variable
fields
336 Content Type (RDA 6.9)
337 Media Type (RDA 3.2)
338 Carrier Type (RDA 3.3)
336, 337, 338 Subfields
$a - content/media/carrier type term (R)
$b - content/media/carrier type code (R)
$2 - Source (NR)
$8 - Field link and sequence number (R)
RDA 6.9 Content Type, tag 336
The fundamental form of
communication in which the content is
expressed and the human sense
through which it is intended to be
perceived
–spoken word
–text
–computer program
RDA 3.2 Media Type, tag 337
A categorization reflecting the general
type of intermediation device required
to view, play, run, etc., the content of a
resource. See 3.2.1.3
–audio
–unmediated
–computer
RDA 3.3 Carrier Type, tag 338
A categorization reflecting the format of
the storage medium and housing of a
carrier. See 3.3.1.3
–audio disc
–volume
–online resource
A Motion Picture
245 $a Come, thou tortoise /
$c screenplay and direction by
Jessica
Grant.
336 $a two-dimensional moving image
$2 rdacontent
337 $a video $2 rdamedia
338 $a videodisc $2 rdacarrier
Printed Book Example
245 $a Come, thou tortoise / $c by
Jessica Grant.
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a unmediated $2 rdamedia
338 $a volume $2 rdacarrier
PDF Document Example
300 $a 1 online resource (ix, 120 pages) : $b
illustrations (color)
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $2 rdacarrier
Source: Tillett 2010
Website with Maps and Photos
300 $a 1 online resource
336 $a text $2 rdacontent
336 $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent
336 $a still image $2 rdacontent
337 $a computer $2 rdamedia
338 $a online resource $2 rdacarrier
Source: Tillett 2010
Relationship Designators
Use relationship designators to indicate the
specific nature of relationships
• between works, expressions, manifestations,
and items
• see appendix J
• between a resource and persons, families,
and corporate bodies associated with
• see appendix I
Relate a Person to a Resource
RDA 18.4 gives 2 methods
• Authorized access point
• Identifier
Use terms in Appendix I to indicate the
specific nature of relationships between a
resource and persons, families, and
corporate bodies associated with that
resource … at the level of specificity that is
considered appropriate
Subfield $e Examples
100 $a Blais, Marie-Claire, $d 1939$e author
240 $a Belle bête. $l English
245 $a Mad shadows / $ cMarie-Claire
Blais ; translated from the French by
Merloyd Lawrence.
700 $a Lawrence, Merloyd, $e translator
2.4.1.5 & 6.27.1.3 & 19.2.1.3
100 $a Hulchanski, John David. $e editor
245 $a Finding home : $b policy options for
addressing homelessness in Canada / $c J. David
Hulchanski, Philipa Campsie, Shirley B.Y. Chau,
Stephen W. Hwang, Emily Paradis, general
editors.
700 $a Campsie, Philippa, $e editor
700 $a Chau, Shirley B.Y., $e editor
700 $a Hwang, Stephen, $e editor
700 $a Paradis, Emily, $e editor
Relating One Resource to Another
RDA 24.4 gives 3 methods to show a
relationship between resources
method 1 : identifier
020 $a 9781741461633
ISBN for a related manifestation
Example 2
RDA 24.4 method 2
Authorized access point
245 $a Ten things I hate about you
700 $i parody of (work)
$a Shakespeare, William, $d 1564–
1616. $t Taming of the shrew
Example 3
RDA 24.4 method 3
Description, structured or unstructured
500 $a Facsimile of: 2nd edition, revised.
— London : Routledge.
500 $a Activities are based on the book
How the brain learns, by David A. Sousa,
3rd edition, 2006.
New MARC Tags in Authority Records
046
370
371
372
373
374
375
377
special coded dates
associated place
address
field of activity
affiliation
occupation
gender
associated language
Appendix K and $i
RDA Appendix K lists possible relationships
between persons, families and corporate
bodies, e.g., employee, sponsor, descendant
family, employer, predecessor.
MARC subfield $i added to 4XX and 5XX
Authority is also used to specify these types
of relationships.
Attributes of Corporate Bodies
046
370
371
372
377
special coded dates
associated place
address
field of activity
associated language
19.2.1.3 Recording Creators
Fictional characters are now capable of
authorship
Kermit, the Frog
Authorized access point representing the
creator for
Before you leap: a frog’s-eye view of life’s
greatest lessons / by Kermit the Frog
Recording Families as Creators
Austen (Family : Austen, Jane, 1775–1817)
authorized access point representing the
creator for published collection of family
papers
Austen papers, 1704–1856 / edited by R.A.
Austen-Leigh.
Summary of Changes
• Do not create or introduce abbreviations
• No instructions to use Latin abbreviations
• “Take what you see” principle of
transcription means we now transcribe
inaccuracies, add a note if warranted
• No more GMDs
• No more rule of 3
• Make the relationships between entities
clear(er)
Summary of Changes - 2
Publication date is core for published resources, so a
date or probable date or “date of publication not
identified” must always be present
Copyright date is a separate element in RDA and is
not a substitute for a publication date. Copyright
date is a core element if neither the date of
publication nor the date of distribution is identified;
may be used as inferred publication date
If more than one place of publication or publisher’s
name appears, only the first recorded is required.
… using the MARC record is a step
backward, since it cannot
accommodate key RDA concepts
like FRBR entities and relationships
--Karen Coyle’s post to RDA-L 8/31/10
Bibframe
• Bibliographic Framework Transition
Initiative: Initiative to develop replacement
for MARC
• Led by Library of Congress
• Web site:
http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/
Also a Change to the Leader
MARC records containing RDA
descriptions will have leader/18 = i
indicating ISBD punctuation is present
--redefined codes for this byte
leader/06 Type of record will continue
to contain the code for primary
content
040 Cataloging Source
$b language of cataloging (NR)
$e description conventions (R)
040 $a DLC $b eng $c DLC $e rda
040 $a CaOTR $b fre $c CaOTR $e rda
Looking for RDA Records
In LC’s catalog
http://catalog.loc.gov
Go to basic search
Search text: 040e rda
Search type: expert search
In OCLC use index dx: (Descriptive
conventions) as a limiter dx:rda
Recap: Identify RDA Records
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
008 position 18=I
040 $e rda
No 245 $h [GMD]
Presence of 264
Presence of 336, 337, 338 (CMC)
Use of relator terms $e in 1XX & 7XX
No abbreviations (except where prescribed)
Review and Exercises
• Examine RDA cheat sheets
• Review RDA core elements for monographs
• Review Kent State RDA Copy Cataloging
procedures
• Review LC Checklists
• Review Guided Practice exercises
Questions?