The Evolution of
Design Methodologies
for GIS
Todd Bacastow
January 2009
Tomlinson 1960s – 1980s
Review
Requirements
Req’t vs Constraints
Organization
Comments
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Begins with Vision
Requirement Driven
Linear
Req’t vs. Constraints
Feedback
Calkins 1970s – 1980s
Software Analysis and Design
Initiation
Implementation
Performance
Hardware Analysis and Design
Data Analysis and Design
Comments
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Divide
Linear
Incremental
Feedback
Stakeholder participation
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Marble and Wilcox 1991
Initiation
Implementation
Design
Analysis
Comments
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Organizational changes
General to the specific
Best over the ideal
User acceptance
Peuquet & Bacastow 1991
Initiation
Analysis
Design
Analysis
Design
Implementation
NYS 1997
Analysis
Initiation ??
Implementation
Design
Comments
• Lots of approaches
• All have good and bad
Lesson 2 Review Questions
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Who are the typical stakeholders in a geospatial system?
What are their roles?
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Explain why a system owner is particular important to a
geospatial system?
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What are the differences between the role of system analysts
and the role of the rest of the stakeholders? Stephanie Potts
What kind of knowledge and skills should a system analyst
possess?
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In addition to computing knowledge that system analysts
should possess, what are the other essential skills that they
need to effectively complete their jobs in geospatial system
development?
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What are the four steps in Whitten’s system development
process? How does this compare to Tomlinson? J. Earwood
Why is system initiation essential in the system development
process?
Why do we need to identify the spatial system architecture?
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How are the business perspectives and the technology
perspectives of a spatial system related?
Why is an understanding of the system's functions an
essential building block of a geospatial information system? m.
beckley
What is user’s dialogue?
Why has the inherently natural use of the graphical user
interface GUI in geospatial systems complicated the design
process for system designers?
Explain why having a standardized system development
process is important to an organization performing spatial
activities.
How are system life cycle and system development
methodology related in spatial system design?
What are the 10 underlying principles for systems
development?
Why are process management and project management
necessary?
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What is risk management? Is this particularly necessary with
geospatial design projects?
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Which stakeholders initiate most projects? What is the impetus
for most geospatial projects?
Who are the main participants in the scope definition in a
spatial system? What are their goals in the scope definition?
What are the three most important deliverables in scope
definition?
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Who are the main participants in the requirements analysis
phase when developing a spatial system? Why are they the
main participants?
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What feasibility analyses are made in the decision analysis?
What is model-driven development?
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Why is model-driven development popular?
Give an example of CASE use in GIS development.