Gene Technology
Honors Breaking Down the Definitions
1. Polymerase chain 8. Clone
15. Telomere
reaction
9. Vector
16. DNA vaccine
2. Primer
10. Plasmid
17. Bioethics
3. Restriction enzyme 11. Probe
4. Gel electrophoresis 12. Bioinformatics
5. DNA fingerprint
13. Proteomics
6. Genetic engineering 14. Cloning by nuclear
7. Recombinant DNA
transfer
Regular Breaking Down the Definitions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Selective Breeding
Hybridization
Genetic Engineering
Gel Electrophoresis
Recombinant DNA
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Transgenic
Clone
DNA Identification
•Except for Identical Twins, no 2 people in
the world are exactly alike genetically.
•The majority of human DNA is the same.
Only about .1% of our DNA varies by
individual.
•98% of our DNA does NOT code for
proteins= NONCODING DNA.
Steps in DNA Identification
1. Copying DNA via Polymerase Chain Reaction
or PCR
a) Often you only have a small amount of DNA (ie
crime scene) so you need to copy it
b) Video Clip
2. Cutting DNA with restriction enzymes
a) To cut long DNA molecules biologists use
bacterial proteins or restriction enzymes to cut
out certain sequences
Steps in DNA Identification
3.
Sorting DNA by size
a) DNA fragments can be studied with GEL
ELECTROPHORESIS, which separated DNA by size
and charge.
b) This creates a DNA fingerprint, unique to the
individual
c) Video Clip
4. Comparing DNA
4. Using the DNA fingerprint scientists can produce
the odds that 2 people will have the same DNA
fingerprint only about 1 in 100 billion (and there
are only 6.5 billion people on Earth).
Recombinant DNA
• The process of altering genetic material is called
GENETIC ENGINEERING.
• RECOMBINANT DNA results when DNA from 2
different organisms are joined.
• Example of Recombinant DNA—scientists inserted a
jellyfish gene (for a fluorescent green glow) into a
zebra fish to see blood vessels develop.
• Video Clip—6 facts
Cloning
• GENETIC ENGINEERING has allowed biologists to study
how genes function and then manipulate them.
• In the 1990s scientists began cloning whole organisms or
CLONING BY NUCLEAR TRANSFER.
• They introduce a nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell to
generate an organism identical to the donor.
• Brainpop!
• Dolly, a sheep, was the first successful clone in 1996.
• Video
Stem Cells
• Brainpop!
Genetic Engineering and Food
• Genetic Engineering with plants is called
genetically modified (GM) crops.
• GM crops are more tolerant of weather
conditions (frost, drought), resistant to
herbicides, increase the amount of the crop
produced, resistant to disease, improved
nutritional value of foods
Food Inc
Designer Babies
• Issues and Decisions Worksheet
• Extra Credit Opportunities!!
• Watch one or both of the following movies:
• Gattaca or My Sister’s Keeper
• 2 page, typed, report on the film
• Report should include a summary of the storyline and how
it ties into Genetics and Designer Babies
• Report also needs to be signed by a parent, verifying that
you did indeed watch and have permission to watch the
movie
Genetic Science Ethics Survey
Bioethics Group Reports
Genetic Engineering Concept Map Review