Air quality monitoring, assessment and
reporting in Republic of
Macedonia
Aneta Stefanovska
Head of division for air quality monitoring
Ministry of environment and physical planning
Sarajevo, 06-07 July 2011
Air quality kick off meeting
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
 Law on Ambient Air Quality (Official Gazette of RM no.
67/04; 92/07; 35/10)
 Secondary legislation
• Decree on limit and target values for levels and type of
pollutants in the ambient air, alert and information
thresholds; dead lines for achieving limit and target values for
specific substances; margins of tolerance for limit value and
target value and long term objectives for specific pollutants
(Official Gazette of RM No. 50/05);
• Rulebook on criteria, methods and procedures for evaluation
of the ambient air quality (Official Gazette of RM No.82/06);
• Rulebook on inventory and determination of the levels of the
pollutant emissions in the ambient air in tones per year, for all
types of duties, as well as other data needed for submission
of the Program for monitoring the air in Europe (EMEP)
(Official Gazette of the RM No. 142/07);
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
•
Lists of zones and agglomerations for ambient air quality
(Official Gazette of RM no.23/2009);
•
Rulebook on content and manner for preparation of National
plan on air protection (Official Gazette of RM No.108/2009);
•
Rulebook on content and manner for preparation of Programs
for air improvement and protection (Official Gazette of RM
No.108/2009);
•
Rulebook on content and manner for preparation of Action plans
for air protection (Official Gazette of RM No.108/2009);
•
Rulebook of methodology for monitoring of ambient air quality
(Official Gazette of RM No.138/2009);
•
Rulebook on the contents and the manner of transmission of
data and information on the status of the ambient air quality
management (Official Gazette of RM No.138/2009);
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
•
Rulebook for methodology for inventory taking and identification of
the levels of emissions of pollutants in the ambient air in tons per year
for all types of activities, as well as other data required to be
submitted under the Programme for air monitoring in Europe (EMEP)
(Official Gazette of RM No.2/2010)
•
Rulebook on the limit values of permissible levels of emissions and
types of polluting substances in waste gases and vapors released from
stationary sources into the air (141/2010);
•
Rulebook on the form, methodology and manner of handling and
maintains of Cadastre of pollutants and polluter, Official Gazette of
the Republic of Macedonia No 92/2010
•
Rulebook on the equipment, devices, instruments and appropriate
facilities requirements for entities performing professional matters
for ambient air quality monitoring
•
Rulebook on the form and the content of the forms for submitting
data for emissions in the ambient air from stationary sources, the
manner and time period of data delivering, according to the capacity of
the installation, the content and manner of keeping diary for emissions
in the ambient air
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
The following rulebooks are in preparation phase:
•
Draft Decree for determination of the combustion installations
which should take measures for protection of ambient air from
the pollution, through reducing emissions of some pollutants
into the air
•
Draft Rulebook for methods, manner and methodology for air
emissions measurements from stationary sources
EU LEGISLATION
Fuel quality
Air
emission
Air quality
EU directives
96/62/EC
2008/50/EC
1999/30/EC
2000/69/EC
2002/3/EC
2004/107/EC
2001/81/EC
2001/80/EC
1999/13/EC
1999/32/EC
98/70/EC
Transposition
Implementation
Partially implemented
Around 90%
Around 80%
Full implementation is
planed for 2013
Partially implemented
Full implementation is
planed for 2013
Partially implemented
Around 90%
Full implementation is
planed for 2012
NATIONAL POLICY DOCUMENTS
In the frame of the on-going UNECE project for
ratification and implementation of the three last
protocols under the LRTAP convention financed by
Netherland the preparation of the following documents
is underway:
•
National plan for air quality protection
•
National plan for emission reduction
Both documents should be ready until end of 2011
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
•
Convention on long range trans-boundary air
pollution (CLRTAP)
•
•
•
is taken by succession from Yugoslavia
(it was signed in 1991)
Eight protocols under the CLRTAP have been ratified
during 2010 year
United Nation framework convention for climate
change (UNFCCC)
•
Kyoto protocol has been ratified
INSTITUTIONS PERFORMING AIR QUALITY
MONITORING IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Public Health Institutes
• Public Health Institute - Skopje, which has established
monitoring network for measuring the concentrations of SO2,
black smoke, aerosediment, CO and lead at 7 measuring points
in the City
• Public Health Institute - Veles measures SO2, black smoke
and aerosediment at 3 measuring points in the City
• Public Health Institute in Kumanovo, Kocani, Tetovo, Bitola,
Ohrid, Prilep and Stip monitor aerosediment

Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

Hydro-meteorological Administration
(stopped the measurements)
ESTABLISHMENT OF SAQMS
Year 1998
•
JICA - Study “Monitoring of air pollution in Republic of Macedonia”
•
4 monitoring stations in Skopje and Central station (MEPP)
Year 2002
•
PHARE COP '99 - 3 monitoring stations and 3 High Volume Sampler
(HVS)
Year 2004
•
CARDS 2001 - 8 monitoring stations and 1 High Volume Sampler
(HVS) and 6 Low Volume Sampler (LVS)
•
Calibration laboratory, Balance room and Service car
Year 2011
•
IPA 2008 – 2 monitoring stations
STATE AIR QUALITY MONITORING
SYSTEM
MONITORING STATIONS
Environmental
parameters
•
•
•
•
•
•
CO-carbon monoxide
SO2-sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen oxides
O3 – ozone
PM10, PM2.5
BTX
Meteorological
parameters
•
•
•
•
•
•
Wind velocity
Wind direction
Temperature
Humidity
Pressure
Global radiation
STATE AIR QUALITY MONITORING
SYSTEM
THERMO Electron Corporation
Measuring methodologies :
•
The Model 43C pulsed fluorescence SO2 analyzer
•
The Model 42C Chemiluminescence NO-NO2-NOx analyzer
•
The Model 48C Gas Filter Correlation (GFC) CO analyzer
(infrared absorption)
•
The Model 49C UV photometric ozone analyzer
•
PM analyzer: FH 62 I-R; b-ray absorption
CALIBRATION LABORATORY
 Established in May 2004
 Calibration of the referent
analyzers with primary static
injection system
 Determine the correlation
between primary calibration
method and other methods that
we use
• secondary dynamic dilution
system
• gas transfer standard
• field calibrator
HIGH AND LOW VOLUME
SAMPLERS
PM10 AND HM MEASUREMENTS
PROCEDURES
 Collected Samples (24h) are
transported in Central
Laboratory
 PM10 is measured
gravimetrically
 Filters are prepared by
prEN14902:2005 standard
 Samples are analyzed by ICP
 In 2006 indicative
measurements were carried on
for: PM10; As; Cd; Hg; Ni; Cr;
Fe; V; Mn; Pb; Cu; Zn and Mg.
DATA COLLECTION, VALIDATION
AND PROCESSING
Database
• Monitoring
stations
Central station
• Data validation
Reports
• Data analyses
• Data correction
Data
processing
• Daily report
• Monthly report
• Annual report
• Assessment report
CENTRAL STATION
CAS (Central
Acquisition system)
• Win central
• SQL View
• ISO gen
• Collector
DATA VALIDATION
•
Database based on MS SQL Server 2000
•
User interface on macedonian language
•
Used as an application for air quality data management
•
It possesses a function for import of air quality data from automatic
station
•
It possesses a function for export of validated air quality data for
further treatment
•
The source code is not available
DATA PROCESSING
REPORTS
Daily reports
-
State inspectorate of environment
City center for information and warning
City of Skopje – Unit for environment
Monthly report
-
Hydro meteorological administration
Republic institute for health protection
Institutes for health protection
Municipalities
Annual report
Preliminary assessment report
INTERNATIONAL REPORTING
Current reporting towards EEA and EC
•
EoI data (97/101/EC)
•
Monthly ozone data (2002/3/EC)
•
Summer ozone data (2002/3/EC)
Future reporting towards EEA and EC
•
Annual report on air quality (questionnaire
2004/461/EC)
•
Near real time reporting for Ozone
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF AIR
QUALITY
• Improved preliminary assessment report -Twining
project “Air Quality improvement” CARDS 2005
programme
• These three main assessment methods were used for
preliminary air quality assessment:
•
•
•
air quality measurements for the period 2005 – 2007 from
the State air quality monitoring system
air emission inventories
•
Cadastre of polluters and pollutants in Republic of
Macedonia
•
CORINAIR emission inventory
air pollution modelling
ZONES AND AGGLOMERATION IN
REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA
MINIMUM NUMBER OF STATIONS
PER ZONES AND AGGLOMERATION
Zone
Inhabitants
SO2
SO2
NO2
NOx
health
ecosystem
health
ecosystem
0
2
0
Skopje
578 144
2
Eastern
680 596
2
Western
763 807
3
Total
7
1
2
1
3
1
7
1
PM10
CO
Ozone
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
7
7
6
TWINING PROJECT
Twining project “Strengthening the central and local
level capacities for environmental management in the
area of air quality”
MS countries: Finland, Austria and Italy
Duration 2 years: September 2010 – September 2012
•
Improvement of air quality assessment
•
Introduction of dispersion modeling
•
Preparation for accreditation of calibration laboratory
•
Establishment of air quality information system
•
Preparation of pilot action plan and program for air quality
protection for city of Bitola
OVERALL PROBLEMS
 Regular service and maintenance of the
monitoring stations
 Problem with realization of procurement of
spare parts, calibration gas bottles
 Lack of employees
FUTURE STEPS
 Preparing
laboratory
the
accreditation
of
calibration
 The SOPs (Standard Operating Procedures)
concerning all the relevant activities of the
Calibration laboratory should be in use
 Adopt the QA/QC procedure in full operation
 Build up the uncertainty budget for the air quality
measurements
 Revision of the SAQMS according
requirements of the CAFÉ directive
to
the
FUTURE STEPS
 Procurement
system
of
new
Air
quality
information
•
Automatic data validation
•
Data correction according to calibration
 Development of the air quality web portal
•
Air quality data in real time
WHAT KIND OF SUPPORT DO WE
EXPECT?
 Training for implementation of QA/QC procedures
in calibration laboratory
 Support in further implementation of the CAFÉ
directive
•
Determination of the chemical composition of PM2.5 at
rural site
•
Air quality data analysis and source apportionment
studies
 Financial support for participation to the intercomparison exercises organized by EC/JRC and by
WHO
 Financial support for participation to the meetings
of AQUILA group
Thank you very much for
your attention