Tues 1/22 and Wed. 1/23
• New INBs today—50 pts.
– Get them out—when I call your name, hold up
your new INB for points.
– Each class they are late will be -10 points.
• Several layers of the Earth are exposed.
The oldest rock layer is
most likely to be
a.
b.
c.
d.
at the bottom layer.
the thickest layer.
the layer with the most fossils.
igneous intrusive rock.
Science Interactive Notebook Setup
1
1
Start with page 1 on the
front of the first page and
number
up topage
page
140.
Number EVERY
in your
notebook,
front and
back. Start
The number
should
go inwith
page
1 on the corner
front of the
first page
the upper
farthest
and number up to page 140. The
away
numberfrom
shouldthe
go inspiral.
the upper corner
farthest away from the spiral.
Number the front and back
of each page.
Interactive Notebook (INB) Set-Up
• Even numbers should be on the left side of the
spiral and odd numbers should be on the right.
spiral
Even #
Odd #
Science Interactive Notebook Setup
1
Glue Handout Titled:
Geoscience Interactive
Notebook on the front page.
Fill in name and period and
decorate the box at the
bottom.
3
2
IN: Write out anything in red.
Answers must be highlighted
OUT: Write out anything in red.
Answers must be highlighted
THRU: Anything in red must be
written down and answers must
be highlighted.
We can find the age of rocks and fossils in a
couple of different ways. The first way is
relative age. The relative age of an object is
its age in relationship to the age of other
objects(older, younger). Absolute age is the
numeric age of an object(years, days). It is
often stated in years(or millions of years)
before present.
In: pg. 2
1. What is “relative age”?
2. What is “absolute age”?
Look at the picture of the grandfather and the
girl. Think about their absolute and relative
ages.
3. Relative age
– Man
– Girl
4. Absolute age
– Man
– Girl
Thru 1: pg. 3
Determining Relative Age Tree Map
• Read section 8.1 in the textbook and
construct a tree map classifying the
different principles we use to find the
relative age of rocks.
Determining Relative Age
Principle of
Uniformitarianism
•
•
•
Book definition
Definition in
your own words
Picture
Principle of
Law of
Superposition Original
Horizontality
Unconformities
Law of
Crosscutting
Relationships
Out
• According to the Principle
of _______, layer A is
older than layer B.
• According to the Law of
_____ _______, D is
younger than B.
• According to the Law of
____ ____, these layers
are in their original,
horizontal position.
E
A
Thurs. 1/24 and Fri. 1/25
• Anyone have notebooks for 40pts?
• Pass out new restroom passes and tape
them on the inside back cover of your INB.
Which relative aging
principle does this
diagram best illustrate?
a. Principle of
Superposition.
b. Law of Crosscutting
Relationships.
c. Principle of
Uniformitarianism
d. Principle of Original
Horizontality
In: Pg. 4
1. Which layer is the
oldest?
2. Which layer is the
D
youngest?
3. Layer B is ______ C
compared to layer C
and D.
B
4. Layer C is _____
compared to layer A.
A
Unconformities
Movements in the Earth’s crust can lift up rock
layer that were buried and expose them to
erosion. If layers of new sedimentary rock are
laid down on this eroded surfaces, an
unconformity forms. Unconformities are
boundaries between old rock and new rock and
they indicate an interruption in the rock record.
The old rock may be igneous, metamorphic or
sedimentary. The new rock is always
sedimentary. According to the Law of
Superposition, all rocks beneath the
unconformity are older than the rocks above it.
Construct the spider
diagram. At the end of
each leg, there are 2
lines(toes). At the end of
one line/toe write the
definition for the
concept and at the end
of the second line/toe,
draw a picture
illustrating the concept.
Thu 1: Pg. 5
Definition
Picture
Types of
unconformities
Unconformities are boundaries between old
rock and new rock and they indicate an
interruption in the rock record.
HACHURES
INDICATE
METAMORPHISM
Nonconformity
• When igneous or metamorphic rock is
exposed and eroded and new sedimentary
rock is laid over top.
Angular nonconformity
• When rock layers are tilted or folded, then
eroded and new sedimentary rock is laid
on top of the eroded surface.
Disconformity
• When sedimentary rock is eroded and new
sedimentary rock is laid over top.
Example-Finding Relative Ages of Rock
Layers
• C-oldest layer because
it is on the bottom
(Superposition)
• B-next oldest
• A-next oldest
• D-younger than AB and
C because it cuts across
them(Crosscutting
Relationships)
• E-youngest because it
cuts across ABC and
D(Crosscutting
Relationships)
Thru 2
Pg. 6
Blank
Pg. 7
Determining Relative
Age worksheet
Complete the worksheet
and tape it in as a flap
on this page.
Out
• List these
layers from
oldest to
youngest.
Mon 1/28 and Tues. 1/29
• Quiz #1 today—get out your INB and paper.
• Any new notebooks for 30 pts?
• If you need help setting up your notebook,
come in after school on Thursday 1/31.
Quiz #1
1. What is the relative age of the girl on pg. 2 in the
IN?
2. Which law/principle states that the layers of rock
on the bottom are the oldest? Pg 3
3. Which law/principle states that the geologic
processes that occurred in the past can be
explained by current processes? Pg 3
4. ______ are boundaries between old and new
rock that indicate an interruption in the geologic
record. Pg 5
5. What is the answer to #2? Pg 7
6. What is the answer to #4? Pg 7
Which is the youngest rock shown in the diagram below?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
2
3
4
Isotopes
•
•
•
•
•
(SPECIAL ATOMS)
Atoms that belong to the same element but have
different atomic masses are isotopes of one another.
Isotopes of the same element have the same # of
protons and electrons but a different # of neutrons.
All elements have isotopes
Isotopes are the reason why atomic masses are
decimals and not whole #’s.
Some isotopes are radioisotopes, which means they
are unstable and their nucleus breaks apart.
–
–
Release energy.
Turns the isotope into an atom of a different element.
Isotopes of Carbon
• Carbon-14 and
Carbon-13 are
unstable isotopes of
carbon.
• They decay into
Carbon-12 over
time.
6P
7N
Carbon - 13
6P
8N
Carbon - 14
If carbon had no
isotopes:
12+12+12+12=48/4
Average mass=12.00…
Since carbon does have
isotopes, not all of the
atoms in a pure sample of
the element have the same
mass:
12+12+13+14=51/4=12.8
Now, carbon’s actual
average atomic mass is
12.0107(carbon-12 is the
most common isotope in
elemental carbon)
In: Pg. 8
Do 5 facts about isotopes
ISOTOPES
Periodic Table
Thru 1: Pg 9
Isotope Activity
Do the Isotope models as a group and
answer the Isotope questions individually.
The Isotope questions go on this page.
The models will be handed in. Put all
group member names on the sheet!
Thru 2
Pg. 10
8.2 Guided Reading
Answer questions here
Pg. 11
8.2 Absolute Age
Guided Reading
Tape in questions here
• Use section8.2 to
answer the questions.
• We will finish it after
the lab next class.
Radioisotopes are useful to
humans in several different ways.
Out
Which radioisotope
would you use for the
– Carbon-14 can be used to find the
following purposes:
age of once living substances.
– Radioactive tracers like Tantalum- 1. Inject into a cancer
patient to destroy a
182 can be used to track an objects
location because they decay and
tumor.
give off radiation. If it is added to a
2. Finding the age of
fluid, radioactivity will be detected
charcoal found at an
where ever the fluid flows.
ancient human
– The radiation from isotopes like
settlement.
Cobalt-60 can be injected into
patients to kill unwanted, diseased
3. Following the flow of
cells.
blood in a stroke
victims brain.
Wed. 1/30 and Thurs. 1/31
• If you need help setting up your notebook,
come in after school on Thurs. 1/31
• A student is reading about uranium isotopes
and doesn’t understand how they can be the
same element. Your best answer is
a. isotopes are not the same but are in the same
family as the main element.
b. uranium is unique and does not follow the
definition of an isotope.
c. isotopes all have the same number of protons
which makes
them the same element.
d. the electrons do not change in isotopes even
when forming
positive or negative ions.
In: pg 12
Atom A has 7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons.
Atom B has 8 protons, 7 neutrons and 6 electrons.
Atom C has 8 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons
Atom D has 7 protons, 8 neutrons and 7 electrons.
•
•
Which 2 atoms from the list above
are isotopes of the same element?
How do you know this?
Isotopes and Carbon
• You probably have heard news
stories about fascinating ancient
artifacts. At an archaeological
dig, a piece of wooden tool is
unearthed and the archaeologist
finds it to be 5,000 years old! A
child mummy is found high in
the Andes and the archaeologist
says the child lived more than
2,000 years ago.
How do scientists know how old an object
or human remains are?
What methods do they use and how do
these methods work?
http://www.exn.ca/mummies/
story.asp?id=1999041452
Radiocarbon (Carbon14) dating is a way of
determining the age of
certain biological
artifacts up to about
50,000 years old. It is
used in dating things
such as bone, cloth,
wood and plant fibers
that were created in the
relatively recent past by
human activities.
Radiocarbon dating
Thru 1: pg 13
Radioactive Decay Activity—Make sure
you do the data table, graph and
questions!!!!!
When you are done, finish the guided
reading questions from last class!
Thru 2
Pg. 14
blank
Pg. 15
Carbon Aging of
Masterpieces
• Homework!
• Finish after you get
the questions on pg.
11 from last class
done!
Out
Otzi The Iceman-The oldest
frozen mummy found.
• Otzi’s dead body was found frozen
in the snow in the Swiss Alps.
Later examination showed he had
numerous injuries, INCLUDING
AN ARROWHEAD buried in his
shoulder. Scientists were able to
use radiocarbon dating of a
wooden ax handle to place his
death at 5,300 years ago.
Why did scientists have to use
the wooden ax handle and not
the arrow head to do
radiocarbon dating on Otzi?
Fri. 2/1 and Mon. 2/4
• Quiz #2
Quiz #2
The diagram shows the decay of a 50-gram sample of a
radioactive isotope.
According to the graph, what is the half-life of this
isotope?
A.100 years
B.150 years
C.200 years
D.300 years
In: pg. 16
Complete the sentence:
A fossil is….
Thru 1: Pg.17
8.3 The Fossil Record CLOZE
• Complete the CLOZE passage while you
read pages 197-200.
Thru 2
Pg. 18
Article: Who Killed the
Iceman?
1.Where was the Iceman
found?
2. What was he named?
3. How was he
fossilized?
4. Why do they think
Otzi was murdered?
Pg. 19
5. What is Reinhard’s
theory on how Otzi
died?
6. What clues did he
have?
7. What is Vigl’s theory
on how Otzi died?
8. What clues did he
have?
Thru 2
Pg. 18
Pg. 19
Movie: Iceman
• 20 facts.
Out
• Why are most fossils found formed from
the bones or shells of animals?
Tues. 2/1 andWed. 2/4
Thurs. 2/5 and Fri. 2/6
• Finish Iceman movie first!
• Today’s activity will be completed over 2
days.
– Start Clock of Eras today
– Finish Clock of Eras
Next class.
• Which statement is most accurate regarding
the current fossil record? The fossil record is
a. complete and contains fossils of all the types of
plants and animals that ever lived.
b. complete and contains fossils of all plants and
some animals that ever lived.
c. Incomplete and contains fossils of a few of the
plants and animals that ever lived.
d. incomplete and contains most of the plants and
animals that ever lived.
In: pg. 20
Please answer the following questions.
True or False
1. Dinosaurs and humans existed at the same
time.
2. The Earth formed approximately 4.6 billion
years ago.
3. Humans have been around for most of
geologic time.
4. Nearly 90% of the plants and animals that
ever lived are now extinct.
Thru 1: pg. 21
Tape in geologic timeline.
Thru 2
Pg. 22
Clock of Eras Questions
• After finishing your
clock, complete the
Clock of Eras
Questions and tape on
this page.
Pg. 23
Clock of Eras
Tape on an extension
sheet here--------------
Put your 1) clock 2)title
3) key on this page.
Out
• What are paleantologists?
• How do they allow us to “view the past”?