Introductory Psychology Concepts
Assessing Intelligence I
Instructor name
Class Title, Term/Semester, Year
Institution
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
g-factor
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The single, general factor for mental ability assumed to
underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence.
Fluid Intelligence
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Intelligence that reflects information-processing
capabilities, reasoning, and memory.
Crystallized Intelligence
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The accumulation of information, skills, and strategies
that are learned through experience.
Can be applied in problem-solving situations.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Spearman: g-factor
Charles Spearman (1923) - British Psychologist who
argued for intelligence as a general ability. He observed
that:
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School grades in different subjects, such as English and
mathematics, were almost always positively correlated.
Intellectual performance is determined partly by a g-factor
(general intelligence) and partly by whatever special abilities
might be required to perform a particular task.
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Howard Gardner: Eight Types of Intelligence.
Gardner believes intelligence relates to different adaptive
demands. He currently defines eight distinct varieties of
adaptive abilities (Gardner, 2000):
1) Linguistic Intelligence: the ability to use language well, as
writers do.
2) Logical-Mathematical Intelligence: the ability to reason
mathematically and logically.
3) Visuospatial Intelligence: the ability to solve spatial problems
or to succeed in a field such as architecture.
4) Musical Intelligence: the ability to perceive pitch and rhythm
and to understand and produce music.
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Howard Gardner: Eight Types of Intelligence (continued)
5) Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence: the ability to control body
movements and skillfully manipulate objects, as
demonstrated by a highly skilled dancer, athlete, or surgeon.
6) Interpersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand and
relate well to others.
7) Intrapersonal Intelligence: the ability to understand oneself.
8) Naturalistic Intelligence: the ability to detect and understand
phenomena in the natural world, as a zoologist or
meteorologist might.
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Sternberg: Three Types of Intelligence
Robert Sternberg (1988, 2004) a leading proponent of the
cognitive processes approach to intelligence.
Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence addresses:
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The psychological processes involved in intelligent behavior.
The diverse forms that intelligence can take:
1. Analytical Intelligence involves academically oriented
problem-solving skills measured by traditional intelligence
tests.
2. Practical intelligence refers to the skills needed to cope with
everyday demands and to manage oneself and other
people effectively.
3. Creative intelligence comprises the mental skills needed to
deal adaptively with novel problems.
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Sternberg: Three Types of Intelligence
Types of Intellectual Competence
Sternberg’s theory
divides the cognitive
processes that
underlie intelligent
behavior into
three specific
components.
Analytical
Intelligence
Metacomponents
Plan and regulate
task behavior
Practical
Intelligence
Performance
components
Execute strategies
specified by
metacomponents
Creative
Intelligence
Knowledgeacquisition
components
Encode & store
information
Underlying Cognitive Processes
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Emotional Intelligence
According to John Mayer and Peter Salovey, emotional
intelligence involves the abilities to:
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read others’ emotions accurately
respond to others’ emotions appropriately
motivate oneself
be aware of one’s own emotions
regulate and control one’s own emotional responses
(Mayer et al., 2004)
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© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Emotional Intelligence
According to Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence
includes four components or branches.
The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
(MSCEIT) includes specific tasks to measure each branch.
Branch 1
Branch 2
Perceiving emotions
Using emotions to
facilitate thought
EI
9
Branch 3
Branch 4
Understanding emotions
Managing emotions
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
MSCEIT Branch 1:
Perceiving emotions is
measured by people’s
accuracy in judging
emotional expressions in
facial photographs, as well
as the emotional tones
conveyed by different
landscapes and designs.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Emotional Intelligence
According to Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence
includes four components or branches.
The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
(MSCEIT) includes specific tasks to measure each branch.
Branch 1
Branch 2
Perceiving emotions
Using emotions to
facilitate thought
EI
10
Branch 3
Branch 4
Understanding emotions
Managing emotions
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
MSCEIT Branch 2:
Using emotions to
facilitate thought
is measured by asking
people to identify the
emotions that would best
enhance a particular type
of thinking, such as how
to deal with a distressed
coworker or plan a
birthday party.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Emotional Intelligence
According to Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence
includes four components or branches.
The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
(MSCEIT) includes specific tasks to measure each branch.
Branch 1
Branch 2
Perceiving emotions
Using emotions to
facilitate thought
EI
11
Branch 3
Branch 4
Understanding emotions
Managing emotions
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
MSCEIT Branch 3:
Understanding emotions
is measured by asking
people to specify the
conditions under which their
emotions change in
intensity or type; or
measuring people’s
understanding of which
basic emotions blend to
create subtle emotions such
as envy or jealousy.
Introductory Psychology Concepts : Assessing Intelligence I
Emotional Intelligence
According to Mayer and Salovey, emotional intelligence
includes four components or branches.
The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test
(MSCEIT) includes specific tasks to measure each branch.
Branch 1
Branch 2
Perceiving emotions
Using emotions to
facilitate thought
EI
12
Branch 3
Branch 4
Understanding emotions
Managing emotions
© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
MSCEIT Branch 4
Managing emotions is
measured by asking
respondents to indicate
how they can change their
own or others’ emotions to
facilitate success or
increase interpersonal
harmony.