Eastern Woodlands
8-1.1
I. North American Native Americans
A. Native American nations
were divided into groups
based on location and
language.
B. Eastern Woodlands were
the 1st to encounter
Europeans.
C. SC tribes shared the
Algonquin language and
oral history.
II. Culture
A. Eastern Woodlands were
affected by the geography
of where they lived.
B. They used rivers for food
and transportation.
C. They used rock, wood, &
animal pelts to make tools
and clothing.
II. Culture
D. Tree trunks were turned
into canoes.
E. Homes were made of
animal pelts and tree
bark.
F. Rocks & bones were used
for bow and arrow and
spears.
III. Farming
A. Fertile land allowed for
farming.
1.
Land wasn’t privately owned.
It was ‘owned’ by the tribe.
B. Women did most of the
farming using simple tools
made of wood, rock, &
bone.
C. Often used slash & burn
agriculture.
1.
Cut trees and burn brush to
clear the land and force out
animals.
III. Farming
D. Primary crops were:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Corn
Pole beans
Squash
Pumpkins
Bottle gourds
Tobacco
E. Corn, pole beans, &
squash were known as
the “three sisters.”
IV. Cherokee
A. Cherokee lived in the
foothills & mountains.
B. They called themselves
“the real people” and
were very powerful.
C. Lived in big villages of up
to 600 with palisades for
protection.
D. Summer homes were
open and winter homes
built of grass and clay
(daub).
IV. Cherokee
E. Men fished by poisoning
water with walnut bark.
1. Scooped up fish when they
floated to the top.
F. Village leaders met as a
council to make decisions.
G. White leaders led during
peaceful times.
H. Red leaders led during
times of war.
I. Each village had a holy
man or woman.
V. Catawba
A. Catawba lived along the
rivers in the Piedmont.
B. Called themselves the “river
people.”
C. Homes were wigwams
made of sapling frames with
bark covering.
D. Had council houses in
villages where leaders made
rules.
E. Catawba were excellent
potters.
VI. Yemassee
A. Yemassee were originally
from Spanish Florida.
B. Moved to SC near the
Savannah River to escape
Spanish governor.
C. Lived near the beach in
wigwams covered in
palmetto fronds.
D. They fled back to Florida
after losing the Yemassee
War with the settlers.
VII. Europeans
A. Europeans traded iron tools,
weapons, & guns for furs and
deerskin.
B. As settlers became more
wealthy and numerous, they:
1.
2.
3.
Took over more land.
Cheated natives in trade.
Forced natives into slavery.
C. All this changed the relationship
from peaceful to hostile
between settlers and natives.