William S. Klug
Michael R. Cummings
Charlotte A. Spencer
Concepts of Genetics
Eighth Edition
Chapter 22
Applications and Ethics of
Biotechnology
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Biotechnology Has
Revolutionized Agriculture
Transgenic Crops and Herbicide
Resistance
Figure 22-1
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Figure 22-2
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Nutritional Enhancement of Crop Plants
“Golden Rice”
High levels of
β-carotene
Figure 22-3
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Concerns about Genetically Modified
Organisms
Pharmaceutical Products
Are Synthesized in
Genetically Altered
Organisms
Insulin Production in Bacteria
Figure 22-4
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Table 22-1
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Pharmaceutical Products
Are Synthesized in
Genetically Altered
Organisms
Transgenic Animal Hosts and
Pharmaceutical Products
Figure 22-5
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Transgenic Plants and Edible Vaccines
(“subunit vaccines”)
Figure 22-6
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Figure 22-7
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Biotechnology Is Used to
Diagnose and Screen
Genetic Disorders
15 -20 weeks
Figure 22-8
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10 -12 weeks
Prenatal Diagnosis of Sickle-Cell
Anemia
Figure 22-9
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Nucleotide Polymorphisms and
Genetic Screening
Allele-specific oligonucleotides
Figure 22-10
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Figure 22-11
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DNA Microarrays
Figure 22-12
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Figure 22-13
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Gene expression profiling
Figure 22-14
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Disease Diagnosis
Figure 22-15
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Figure 22-16
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Genome Scanning
Figure 22-17
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Genetic Testing and Ethical Dilemmas
Genetic Disorders Can Be
Treated by Gene Therapy
Figure 22-18
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Gene Therapy for Severe Combined
Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Ashanti De Silva
Figure 22-19
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Figure 22-20
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Figure 22-21
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Problems and Failures in Gene
Therapy
Science 2003 302: 415-419
Future of gene therapy?
Table 22-2
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Gene Therapy Raises Many
Ethical Concerns
Somatic versus germ-line
“Common good” versus individual benefit
Enhancement gene therapy
Ethical Issues Are an
Outgrowth of the Human
Genome Project
The Ethical, Legal, and Social
Implications (ELSI) Program
http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/elsi.shtml
Finding and Mapping Genes
in the Human Genome with
Recombinant DNA
Technology
RFLPs as Genetic Markers
Figure 22-22
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Linkage Analysis Using RFLPs
Figure 22-23
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Finding and Mapping Genes
in the Human Genome with
Recombinant DNA
Technology
Positional Cloning: The Gene for
Neurofibromatosis
Neurofibromatosis
Figure 22-25
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DNA Fingerprints Can
Identify Individuals
Minisatellites (VNTRs) and
Microsatellites (STRs)
Figure 22-27
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Figure 22-28
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Forensic Applications
Paternity testing
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD)
November 21, 2005
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That’s All!