english rulers
Henry VIII- 6 wives
In order to re-marry, he must (ANNUL) his
marriages, requires pope’s permission
breaks from the Catholic Church; forms Church
of England
Edward -> Mary become king/queen; “Bloody
Mary” executes Protestants
Elizabeth -> persecutes Catholics
Do now
USE THE GLOSSARY if you need to
What is an absolute monarchy? Name an
example of an absolute monarch.
What is a theocracy? Name an example of a
civilization that had a theocracy.
How are the two similar and different?
chart- notes
Fill out the chart by reading each example, and
answering 4 questions in the spaces provided.
You can work in pairs to compare answers and
complete the chart.
( -> examples of concept)
concept-formation notes
Identify 4 differences between the examples of
the concepts.
Identify 4 similarities among the examples, and
write it on the worksheet.
Create a list of 3 critical attributes of this term.
Definition??
NOW... create a label?
list of examples
Go through the list of examples.
Next to each example, write a “yes” or a “no” if
it is or is not an example of absolutism.
frederick the great
Is he an example of absolutism?
Why or why not?
If not, what do we need to change in order to
make it an example of absolutism?
Do Now
Now that you know the characteristics of
absolutism (divine right, political sovereignty, no
checks/balances), think about kings and queens.
Would you like to have a king or queen? Why or
why not?
Do you know of any countries that have kings or
queens today? Where? How do you think those
people feel about their kings/queens?
video clip
Royal wedding:
Watch this video clip of the recent royal
wedding in Britain. This occurred between
Prince William and Kate Middleton, a
commoner. Someday, they will be king and
queen.
How do the people look in the video? Do they
seem to enjoy having a king and queen? What
do you think the royal family means for them?
Spanish rulers
Charles I- struggled to keep territories under
control
Charles V- also ruler of Holy Roman Empire;
confronted Protestants; constant warfare ->
almost bankrupt; claimed much of Americas for
Spain -> silver/gold brought Spain wealth
AP#1
What were the effects of Charles I/V?
artwork
El Goya
Diego Velazquez
diego velazquez: based on the painting, what can you infer about the
royal family?
philip II
Philip II- gained power from his father;
persecuted Protestants; tried to invade
England (Spanish Armada); made every
decision himself -> govt. came to standstill;
wealth spent on constant warfare -> went
bankrupt/inflation; didn’t develop industry ->
Spain declines as a major power
spanish armada
130 ships; 20,000
sailors/soldiers (invade
ENGLAND!)
called INVINCIBLE, sailed
in the English Channel in
1588
How would you defeat them? Think of at least 3
strategies you would use if you were the
captain of the English navy?
what actually happened...
p. 539
overcrowding, hunger, disease
(packed ships w/ soldiers for a
land invasion)
fierce naval battles (which
Spain lost)
English fireships
storms
AP#2
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada
important?
french monarchs
Louis XIII- Cardinal Richelieu->advisor; weak ruler; attacked
Huguenots; suppressed nobles; involved in 30 Years War;
(gave everyone message NOT to resist power of monarchy)
Louis XIV- “L’etat, c’est moi;” Sun King (implying the world
revolved around him); in charge of ALL
political/military/economic initiatives -> deprived nobles of
influence; built Versailles -> required nobles visit him there > grew poorer and had to rely on king’s generosity to
survive; outlawed Protestantism in France -> Huguenots
fled -> caused financial crisis; enlarged army -> cost $$$!
versailles
Watch this video- why would a ruler build
something with this grandeur as a home?
versailles- econ
Opportunity cost- cost of making a decision
(what do you give up in order to do
something?)
costs/benefits chart
cost 5% of the country’s annual revenue; kept
court safer from Paris crowds; clear symbol of
king’s power; created resentment among the
people; allowed the king to keep nobles in
check; helped cause revolution years later
Do Now: CYO Versailles
Create your own royal compound in the
country. Include a royal palace, palaces to
house members of the court, theaters, stables,
and other buildings, as well as formal gardens,
lawns, woods, and recreational spaces.
Also, how will you pay for this?
religious problems?
Journal
Think of a time in which you wanted to do one
thing, but you did not get your way.
What did you do? Explain the situation, and
justify your actions.
(If you had to do it again, would you act
differently?)
english monarchs
Henry VIII- checks and balances placed on his
rule; wants to divorce his first wife -> not
allowed to b/c Catholic Church (pope) says no;
creates Protestant Church of England so he
can divorce her;
AP#1
What was one event/effect during the rule of
Henry VIII?
Was Henry an example of absolutism? Why or
why not?
If you were Henry VIII, how would you explain
the reason to split the church?
10 statements
Who dunit?
1. I used my royal navy to try and invade a country in order to spread
my religion.
2. I was a weak ruler who suppressed my nobles and attacked the
Huguenots.
3. My palace portrayed my nickname, as I thought everything revolved
around me.
4. I confronted the Protestants because I was Catholic.
5. Much of the Americas came under my power, bringing my country
silver and gold.
6. I spent so much money on warfare that I drove my country into
bankruptcy and inflation/economic troubles.
7. I said, “L’etat, c’est moi,” or “I am the state.”
8. The message I sent out was one of power: don’t mess with the
monarchy!!
9. I indirectly caused the decline of power in my country.
10. I was one of the few rulers who had limits put on my powers.
p. 560-561
Doc #2: Why do you think Louis chose this
emblem? What do you think the effect of this
emblem might have been on the people who saw it
at Versailles?
Doc #3: On what basis does Bossuet justify
absolutism? Does Bossuet think there are any
limitations on the king’s power?
video
PRETEND... you live in Britain today.
Should we keep the monarchy in England?
Things to keep in mind:
The crowd’s reaction in the video clip
yesterday.
Yasmin’s point the monarchy is expensive.
DB’s perspective that the monarchy is
important.
quick-predict
Based on what you know about absolutism...
Predict what might happen if all the rulers in
Europe are absolutist.
do now
p. 566
Answer the two questions
p. 567 (story)
Who was Copernicus? What was his idea
about the universe?
Philosopher Fishbowl
Read your sources. With your group, come to a
consensus on where your philosopher stands on
these types of government.
Rate them 1-10; 10 (completely agree), 1
(completely disagree)
absolute monarchy
monarchy with limits
democracy
republic
What alternatives
would your
philosopher
suggest for
absolutism?
4- square
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
salon
What was a salon?
How did salons help women gain more rights
in Enlightenment society?
questioning... ???
Most importantly, monarchies/absolutism lead
to many questions...
How should government work? Who should
have power? Why do they have power?
Enlightenment- time of optimism and possibility
from the late 1600s to the late 1700s; called
the Age of Reason
enlightenment
enlightened despots- monarchs who ruled
according to Enlightenment ideas
Prussia, Russia, Austria (who was the ruler,
how were they “enlightened”- what were their
reforms?)
Key enlightenment ideas (6-word summary
max, and picture)
scientific revolution
Scientific Revolution- new way of thinking in
which scholars learned scientific advances,
and posed theories a/b the natural world
geocentric theory- (EARTH was center of
universe)
heliocentric theory- (SUN was center of
universe)
scientific method
new approach to investigation and discovery
YOUR OWN
1- identify a problem
EXPERIMENT:
GRAVITY
2- form a hypothesis
3- experiments to test the hypothesis
4- record the results of the experiments
5- analyze the results to form a conclusion that
proves or disproves the hypothesis
do now- p. 578
Enlightened despots- monarchs who ruled via
enlightenment ideas
Who were the 3 enlightened despots; how was
each “enlightened;” what reforms did they
make?
extension: pick 4 of the key enlightenment
ideas (p. 579), write them and illustrate them.
philosophes
French philosophers
Voltaire- p. 577
Adam Smith- laissez faire economy (leave
alone); economic system worked without
government regulation
america
Colonies in 1600s-1700s? (p. 581)
Britain begins to assert its right to impose laws on
the colonies
Stamp Act- 1765; British Parliament requires
colonists to pay a tax for official stamp on
newspapers, documents, paper, etc.
Taxes- on tea, glass, paper, EVERYTHING
(Townshend Acts)
Boston Tea PartyIntolerable ActsCommon Sense?
Shot heard around the world?
Declaration of Independence-
What form of govt. was most effective
(democracy or absolutism) for the 17th and
18th centuries?
do now
Write down 3 facts while watching the video.
If you could change any 3 things about
Cochrane, what would they be?
Write the 3 things and explain why you would
change them (in at least 2-3 sent. per thing)
id’s
Boston MassacreBoston Tea PartyIntolerable ActsCommon Sense?
Shot heard around the world?
Declaration of Independence- (video);
expressing Enlightenment philosophy
Were the signers of the Declaration of
Independence courageous? Why or why not?
How did the American Revolution begin?
2)
American
Revolution
Write on the
back of 4square
State 5 facts about the American Revolution.
Who were the 2 generals? (One for America,
one for Britain)
Who won?
What happened at Valley Forge?
american revolution
General Washington (American)
v.
General Cornwallis (British)
1775-1781
Americans start out not doing well; strengthen
forces over last 2 years, French also help;
Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown
do now
Use the graphic organizer to show 4 key events that
led to the formation of the United States. Be sure to
explain why you chose those four events. (Choose
from this list, or choose your own)
Christopher Columbus discovering Haiti,
Enlightenment Philosophers (Locke, Hobbes,
Rousseau), Boston Tea Party, Intolerable Acts, Boston
Massacre, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense,
Declaration of Independence, American Revolution,
Articles of Confederation, Constitution, electing
George Washington as President
journal
Reflect on this quote:
“These are the times that try men’s souls. the
summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in
this crisis, shrink from the service of their
country; but he that stands it now, deserves
the love and thanks of man and woman.”
govt.?
Articles of Confederation- too weak to govern
effectively
Constitution- govt. exists for the people (Locke
and Rousseau); 3 branches (separation of
powers)
documents
Doc #1- How did the Magna Carta limit the
power of the king?
Doc #2- What would be the consequences of
not separating the three powers?
Doc #3- What complaints of the colonists does
Paine want foreign nations to know about?
Doc #4- What options are available to citizens
whose government no longer protects their
rights?
What are checks and balances? How were
documents used to put governments in check?
do now
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the
age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the
epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the
season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the
spring of hope, it was the winter of despair, we had
everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all
going direct to heaven, we were all going direct the other
way- in short, the period was so far like the present period,
that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being
received, in the superlative degree of comparison only.
Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
Effects of American
Revolution
Americans independent
British lose colonies in America
Inspires other countries to do the same thing
government formed on principles of liberty and
equality
based on these images
What is the situation like in France?
france- 1700s
King Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette- living in Versailles
First EstateSecond EstateThird Estate- (3 different groups)
bourgeoisie
sans culottes
peasants
bourgeoisie- educated members knew of
Enlightenment philosophers; also knew Great
Britain limited the king’s power; knew colonists
in America rebelled and won
Causes:
Financial Crisis: France DEEP in debt (France
borrowed for wars and lavish lifestyle) -> tries
to tax Second Estate (NO) -> tax exemption for
1st and 2nd Estate
Natural causes: hailstorm and drought ruins
harvest, hard winter -> no food!!
reform slogans
Create a “slogan” that members of the Third
Estate might use to encourage reform in
France.
what happens next?
Predict what will happen next.
each level of society...
1st and 2nd Estate- resent that they lost power
to monarchy
bourgeoisie- resent govt. regulations
preventing business growth
poor 3rd Estate- resent hunger and
unemployment
events
Meeting of the Estates-General to approve
new taxes on 3rd Estate (p. 596)
How did we create the National Assembly?
Tennis Court Oath
... order troops to Versailles and Paris (just in
case he needs to preserve monarchy)
july 14, 1789
mob of Parisians go to Bastille, looking for
weapons
(only held 7 prisoners, but building was a
symbol)
mob tries to negotiate -> exchanges fire and
mob swarms into prison -> kills commander,
head on stick, parade through streets
peasants revolt in countryside
p. 598
do now
Draw the social pyramid in France under the
Old Order.
Label each level with the appropriate estate,
occupation, and percentage of the population.
What role did each level of society play in the
French Revolution?
group project
Create a Timeline of the events which occurred
during the French Revolution.
Insert the following events into your timeline in
the CORRECT ORDER, labeling the date,
name of the event, and 1-2 sentences
describing the event.
events
The Women’s March on
Versailles
Tennis Court
Oath/National Assembly
Storming of the Bastille
The Great Fear
Declaration of the Rights
of Man and of the Citizen
Prussia and Austria
declare war against
France
National Assembly
completes the constitution
•National Convention
convenes
•Louis XVI executed
•Reign of Terror
•Napoleon seizes power
•Monarchs thrown into
prison
•Meeting of the EstatesGeneral
New Nation
National Assembly adopts Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen
(monarchy eventually crumbles)
do now
Take notes during this video, please.
0-2:30
4:00-6:50
9:5019:30-21
reign of terror
“Oh Liberty, what crimes are
committed in your name!”
Led by Robespierre
accusing people who had ever criticized
Revolution, any connection to Old Order,
suspected of counterrevolutionary activity, etc.
death by guillotine
Robespierre sends Danton (follower) to death,
women, then Robespierre is killed
napoleon’s rise
Winning battles for France (against British, mobs of
royalists, Egyptians, Italians, etc.)
Becomes a national hero
Armed supporters surround Directory legislature
and force members to turn govt. over to Napoleon
(Nov. 1799) **coup d’etat)
group of 3 consuls- but Napoleon (dictator)
Why? Exhausted by chaos, French craved order
and stability Napoleon promised; gave up freedoms
for peace, prosperity, and glory
republic?
Napoleon submitted a PLEBISCITE, a question b/f
all the voters (Did they want to declare France an
empire?) YES
Story time with Ms. Glaeser...
EXPANSION- rule Europe AND French power in
Americas (nope!)
Napoleonic Wars- France main European power;
family members are rulers all over!
map- p. 612
Reforms: tax/bank system, Napoleonic Code
(reorganizing French law- uniform, promotes order
and authority over individual rights, freedom of
press restricted), education;
ap
Compare and contrast Napoleon to an
absolute monarch.
nationalism!!!
sense of identity and unity as a people
(French developed new loyalty to France
during Revolution, nationalism also spread to
all of Europe under Napoleon)
too big for britches...
p. 615
Napoleon invades western border of Russia
(new recruits, army supplies lost or spoiled, hot,
men hungry)
Russians retreat, setting fire to fields and
MOSCOW -> go home through winter
Napoleon -> exile -> restored monarchy ->
Hundred Days (Napoleon’s BACK!) -> Nope.
which of these paintings is more realistic?
How does each painting reflect different
aspects of Napoleon’s personality?
Based on these paintings of Napoleon, what
can you infer about his leadership?
congress of vienna
hundreds of diplomats -> restore order and
stability to Europe (redraw the map?)
Metternich (Austria) -> make sure France can’t
rise to such power, restore monarchies and
peace
p. 618: why are they re-drawing map? Who is
affected most/least?
homework
In story form, write the story of the French
Revolution and Napoleon taking power.
Extra points if you take the perspective of a
particular leader (Louis XVI, Napoleon,
Robespierre, revolutionary leader, etc.)
It should be about a page long.
documents
p. 620
do Now
What is one modern-day technology that you
feel you couldn’t live without?
industrial revolution
Industrial revolution- era when the use of powerdriven machinery was developed; starts in Great
Britain
Factors of Production: land, labor, capital
Britain had... water (power), colonies, political
stability, government support, machines planting
seed efficiently, food supply UP (population UP),
human capital
water- used how?
powered by
water frame
textile industry- wool and cotton (supply increases,
cotton gin, shuttle)
factory- building that houses industrial machines
mass production- manufacturing large numbers of
identical items
b/f this: called
cottage industry
assembly line- product moves from worker to
worker, as each one performs a step in the
manufacturing process (workers make many items
quickly, production UP, price DOWN, more people
BUY/ more repetitious jobs...)
p. 642
life in factories
Each job was easy to learn... so easy kids
could do it (hiring kids = LESS $$)
Dangerous work (work injuries common), long
workday (12 hrs), noise, lack of ventilation,
poor sanitation, inadequate food
p. 652
growth
Factory towns- large mill operations sprang up around rivers
(power), and towns grew around them
water power -> steam power (steam engine: built in
England, James Watt) meant factories didn’t have to be by
water sources
steam power -> factories rose near coal mines (mining:
dangerous- explosions, dust, collapse, children used...)
conditions: some neighborhoods only had 2 toilets for every
250 residents (disease, high child mortality)
workers were plentiful- preferred women and children b/c
men needed more $$ (factory work = women’s work)
angry yet? They were...
1811- masked workers attack factory in England (Luddites > burned factories)
labor unions- organizations representing workers’ interests
strikes- work stoppages used to urge employers to raise
wages and improve conditions
(rise of middle class -> accountants, engineers)
spreads to western Europe (Industrial Revolution
encourages competition amongst countries) and America
(Slater: “Father of American Industry;” built a textile mill) and
Asia (much later in Japan, spreads due to Meiji govt.)
Factories Video
ideas of 1800s
laissez-faire: “free to do;” (govts. should not
interfere with business), Adam Smith (market
economy)
Thomas Malthus: population would always
grow faster than food production
entrepreneur: someone who starts a new
business (Andrew Carnegie led American steel
industry)
leave markets alone
capitalism
competition
equality
socialism: for the good of all, society (govt.)
should own property and control industry
(Robert Owen)
communism: govt. owns almost all the means
of production and controls economic planning
(Karl Marx -> revolution)
gender
p. 649
men were in workplace, women in the home (not
true for poorer families)
Mass production -> increases ability to make ships,
weapons -> increases political power (control
global economy) -> puts other economies out of
business (India, etc.)
standard of living- level of material comfort for life
(generally improves for people in industrialized
countries)
other inventions
Electric power (lightbulb)
transportation: steam-powered trains
(Bessemer process), steamships, automobile
(Henry Ford -> Ford Model T), airplane (Wright
brothers)
communication: telegraph (Samuel Morse),
telephone (Alexander Graham Bell), radio,
phonograph
Mother Necessity Video
industry
industrial city: factories, large workforce, reliable
transportation, warehouses, stores, offices -- > high
population density, smoky air (from coal, called smog)
people arrive in cities (escape hunger, political oppression,
discrimination) -> people immigrate to United States (12
million b/w 1870 and 1900) -> live in apartment buildings
do now
p. 770 # 1-7
What conditions set the stage for an Industrial
Revolution in Europe, and how did it expand?
What were the effects of the Industrial
Revolution?
review
congress of vienna
Metternich of Austria
Wants to maintain old Europe (monarchs, old
country lines, old alliances)
Made political boundaries that ignored national
groups
... except... it’s not working!
nationalism
sense of pride and devotion to one’s nation
(what nation already had a revolution in
Europe?)
(what might that cause now?)
fall of Rome
Together (Unified)
Britain
•Divided (Separate states)
•Italy
•Germany
France
Britain
Victorian Era (Queen Victoria)
1837-1901: constitutional monarchy (monarchy
but with limits)
____________ causes people to start wanting
reforms
Representation in govt.
Factory Act (reforms in factories)
universal suffrage (first all men vote, then
women vote
Irish Potato
Famine (mid1800s)
They still exported
food, but no food
for people to eat
france
Congress of Vienna -> monarchy ->
happy/unhappy? -> REVOLUTION!!
ALL MEN VOTE!!
Louis Napoleon (Second Empire)
built railroads, increased trade, SOME reforms but
kept absolute power
Napoleon LOSES to Prussia (surrendered) ->
Third Republic (even more reforms)
Dreyfus Affair:
Jewish captain
accused of spying
for Germany
anti-Semitism
(prejudice toward
Jews)
______ leads to...
some believe
problem b/c Jews
had no homeland of
their own
italy
peninsula divided (same language, but different
governments) -> Congress of Vienna gives Italy to
3 different groups
Giuseppe Garibaldi & Red Shirts: use military to
join Italy (guerilla warfare)
p. 716
1870- unified under a king
problems: strong regional differences,
unemployment, voting, poverty -->> govt. passes
reforms
germany
different states (common language and culture) ->
Congress of Vienna & Vienna combined it into
GERMAN confederation (39 states)
Wilhelm: 1) economic alliance (reduce taxes,
encourage railroads)
2) German culture (composers, etc.)
3) Bismarck: realpolitik (practical goals) -> military
p. 771
# 8, 9, 12, 13, 14
concept web
Link as many terms as you can think of that
revolve around the Industrial Revolution
textile
industry
Industrial Revolution
What came before factories?
What is mass production? Why are assembly
lines faster than cottage industries?
What were conditions in factories? In factory
towns?
review
What is nationalism?
What meeting occurred AFTER Napoleon fell
from power?
What did they want to do?
What type of government did they want to
establish in Europe?
nationalism
Did 2 things:
1- for countries who were already UNIFIED: made
reforms (made govt. more democratic or equal)
2- for countries who were DIVIDED: it UNIFIED the
country and later made reforms
Made Europeans proud to belong to their country,
and hopeful they could make change.
review
What 2 countries were unified? What 2
countries were divided?
What reforms were made in Britain?
What occurred in France?
How did Italy unify into one country?
How did Germany unify into one country?
imperialism
Atlas- follow along!!
imperialism- the process of one people ruling or
controlling another
European nations begin expanding their power in Asia
and Africa b/c...
new technology (enables them to explore)
steam-powered boats, weapons
weakening of empires in Africa/Asia
Europe faced limited resistance as they explored
British East India Company- created to control
trade b/w Britain, India, and East Asia
by 1800, ruled much of India in the name of Great
Britain
starts on the coastal trading cities; when Mughal
Empire breaks apart in mid-1700s, manipulate the
rulers of states
convince them they need British support to keep
their throne
British Raj- British rule in India
Carried out by Indian Civil Service (most officials were
British)
British officials believe they’re superior to Indian people;
lived in segregated neighborhoods and exclusive clubs;
believe they’re improving their lives
British build railroads, roads, canals (WHY?)
source of raw materials: cotton, tea, indigo, jute
nationalist movement
changes in india
new education, English language, British laws
(banning certain Indian customs), Christianity
rebellion- Sepoy Mutiny (brutal fighting on both
sides for 1-2 years)
Britain ends rule of East India Company in 1858
Indian National Congress: 1st nationalist
organization
documents
p. 754: What other areas did Britain control?
What areas did the Dutch control? Belgium?
France?
How and why did a global economy grow?
p. 766
The White Man’s Burden
us imperialism?
homework
Hwk: Draw a timeline. Include the following
events: Industrial Revolution, Louis XIV’s
reign, French Revolution, Enlightenment,
Reign of Terror, Napoleon takes power,
American Revolution, storming of the Bastille
Next to each event include a 2-3 sentence
summary of what the event was and why it
was important.