CURRENT SCENARIO OF POWER
GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION IN
INDIA
AJIT KUMAR
ED(BD)
1
Agenda
• Brief About NTPC
• Electricity Generation
• Scenario , Options & Challenges
• New Technologies
• Electricity Transmission
• Scenario of Transmission system
• Important Initiatives
• Indian Power Sector- Challenges and Mitigation
• Conclusion
NTPC Limited
- An overview
29 MARCH 2010
Journey so far
36014
39674
20249
11333
11333
Today
1975
NTPC
incorporated
(wholly
owned by
GoI)
1997
Became a
Navratna
Comapany
2004
Listed on
Indian Stock
Exchanges
(GoI holding
89.5%)
2010
• Became a
Maharatna
Company
• GOI further
divested 5%
equity
Shareholding
As on 31.12.2011
NTPC - Stature
The Largest Power Generator in the Country
One of the largest Indian companies in terms of
market cap
#1 Independent Power Producer (IPP) in the world
(Platts-250 ranking – 2011)
10th largest power generator in the world, 3rd largest
in Asia.
348th largest company in the world (FORBES
ranking – 2011)
5
Group NTPC
20 Joint Ventures and 5 Subsidiaries
For Synergistic Business Diversification
Power Generation
Power Trading
Power Distribution
Power Equipment Manufacturing
Power Services
Coal Mining
Turnaround of Taken-over Power Plants
1978
1992
1995
2000
Excellence in Project Management
Commercial Operation Time in Months

Commissioned 2490 MW in FY11 – Highest ever in one year.

Commissioned 2660 MW from Apr’12 to Nov’12

IPMA award for Simhadri project in the year 2005.

IPMA award for Vindhyachal project in the year 2008.

IPMA award for Dadri Project Stage-II in the year 2011
Financial Performance
COMPARISION – YEAR ON YEAR
Total Income
Rs. Crores
COMPARISION – Three Quarter Period
Total Income
PAT
Rs. Crores
PAT
45252
57399
49234
16.6%
Net Worth
~ Rs. 67000 Cr.
9103
8728
41242
4.3%
Total Assets
~ Rs. 125000 Cr.
6630
6321
8.9%
4.9%
Market Cap
~ Rs. 145000 Cr.
Capex for FY13 - Rs. 20995 Crores
Human Capital – Continuously Improving Productivity
Ranked 6th in the
Aon Hewitt Best
Employers in
India 2011.
2011
Sales Per
Employee
FY07
FY11
Rs.1.38
Crs
Rs. 2.30
Crs
Up
67%
PAT Per Employee
Rs 0.29
Crs
Rs. 0.38
Crs
Up
31%
Generation Per
Employee
7.99
MUs
9.27
MUs
Up
16%
10%
Talent pool of ~25,000 employees
Planned interventions at various stages of career
Systematic training- 7 days training per employee per year
Power Management Institute (PMI) – Playing a pivotal role in individual and
organizational learning.
 Leadership Development Centre to identify and groom potential leaders.
 Training Simulators for 660 MW / 500 MW / 200 MW coal and gas based plants
 Featured amongst the Great Places to work in India for last six years consecutively




Planning for accelerated growth
Today
~39674 MW
2032
~ 128000 MW
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewables
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
SCENARIO
India: Installed Power generation capacity
12 %
3%
19%
66%
Installed capacity : 209 GW
RES :Renewable Energy Sources
Status as of Oct 2012
Source : CEA
Per Capita Consumption-Global scenario
USA
OECD countries
Middle East
Latin America
China
World Average
India
14000
8365
2980
1695
1802
2596
800
Values are in KWh
Electric Power- Demand projections
Installed Capacity Reqd (GW)
1854
2000
1381
1500
861
GW 1000
500
220
441
0
2011-2021-2031-2041-205112 22 32 42 52
Year
1 GW(gigawatt) = 1O6 KW(kilowatt)
Source : Central Electricity Authority (CEA), India
The task ahead

India’s growing economy requires adequate supply of energy

Per capita consumption of electricity of 800 Kwh is lower
than world average of 2200 Kwh

Energy deficit ~ (-7%) & Peak Demand Deficit ~(-9.4%)

T&D Losses ~ 25 to 50%

India’s installed electric power generation would have to
increase to 861 GW by 2030 to sustain economic growth of
8-9%.

India needs to effectively tap all sources of Power
Generation
India’s Energy Resource Base
Resource
COAL
Estimated
Reserves
285 Billion Tonnes
LIGNITE
40 Billion Tonnes
GAS
1240 Billion Cu m
URANIUM
61,000 Tonnes
THORIUM
2,25,000 Tonnes
HYDRO
1,48,000 MW(Potential)
RENEWABLES
1,83,000 MW(Potential)
17
Coal Based Power
Installed capacity : 17624 MW
Indian Coal Quality
•High ash content (25-45%)
Issues with Coal based Power
•CO2 emissions
•Low sulphur (< 0.5%)
•Ash disposal
•Low calorific
value~3000Kcal/kg
•Coal transportation
bottleneck through rail
Need for Clean Coal Technologies
•Supercritical/Ultrasupercritical
•Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
• Carbon Capture & Sequesterization
Supercritical Technology
Impact Area
Efficiency Improvement




CO2 Reduction
Affordability
660/800 MW units planned for all future coal based projects
Parameters adopted
 247 kg/cm2 535/565 and 565/593 deg C
Supercritical technology mandatory for Ultra Mega Projects
Many more supercritical units in pipeline.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
Coal
Gasifier
Raw
Gas
Gas
Cleanup
Clean
Gas
Combined
Cycle

High efficiency ~ 43-45 %

Potential for achieving even higher efficiency ~ Using
advanced class Gas Turbines( Up to 50 %)

Potential for Green House Gas(GHG) Reduction
Power
Low water consumption: Since 2/3 of power is generated from
Gas Turbine
India pursuing demo project of 100 MW- Feasibility study done by
Nexant USA through USAID

Gas based power
• Installed capacity
– 18903 MW
•Gas Availability for power generation to be enhanced.
•Expanding gas pipelines/LNG terminals
•Advanced class Gas turbines : Thermal efficiency of 60%
Nuclear Power
Projections
- 2020
Current
Capacity
Under
Construction
Projections
- 2030
63000 MWe
(cumulative)
21780 MWe
(cumulative)
4800 MWe
(*)
4780 MWe
(*) at Kudankulam, Kakrapar, Rawathbhata
Nuclear Power - Positive developments
•Signing of Indo-US Civil Nuclear agreement
•Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) waiver
•India can now import fuel and technology even for existing
nuclear plants
•Govt of India is in discussions with advanced technology
suppliers
•NTPC and NPCIL have formed a JV company for setting up
nuclear plants
•BHEL and L&T are augmenting nuclear manufacturing
capabilities through colloborations.
Nuclear power - Challenges
•Issues related to Nuclear Civil liability bill
•Fuel policy of Govt of India
•Availability of Nuclear sites
•Availability of Skilled Manpower
•Augmentation in domestic manufacturing capabilities
•Amendment of Atomic Energy Act to allow wider
participation
Hydroelectric Power
• Installed capacity
– 39,000 MW
• Estimated potential – 148,000 MW
•Land acquisition issues
•Resettlement and Rehabilitation issues
•Regulatory delays affecting clearances
•Impact on eco system and submergence of forest land
•Financing issues for projects with large gestation period
•Constraints related to transmission capacity particularly from
NE states
Solar Power
•Estimated potential– 2.5 trillion MWp
• Installed capacity – 1000 MWp
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission has been launched by
Govt of India in Jan-10 to boost the development of Solar Power.
TARGETS UNDER JNNSM
Wind Power
• Installed capacity
– 17,000 MW
• Estimated potential – 45,000 MW
•Identification of high wind potential sites
•Improvements in technology to increase availability
• Focus on new growth avenues
•Offshore Wind turbines
•Large capacity Wind Turbines( > 3 MW)
•Small capacity Turbines ( < 600 KW)
•Improved grid infrastructure in unconnected high potential areas
Biomass Power
• Installed capacity
–
2000 MW
• Estimated potential – 16000 MW
•Unorganized biomass market
•Addressing issues related to transportation and storage issues for
biomass
ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION
Transmission System
• Present installed capacity
 220kV Transmission Line
 400kV Transmission Line
 HVDC 800/600kV Line
 HVDC 500kV Line
 765kV Transmission Line
- 294000ckm
- 150000ckm
- 125000ckm
- 3600ckm
– 7400 ckm
- 7600ckm
• Present Inter regional Capacity
• Expected by 2017
– 38650MW
- 75000MW
• Estimated Additions of Transmission Network in 12th Plan –
155000 to 180000ckm
Source: CEA & Planning Commission reports
Transmission System and Its Growth
Source: CEA & Planning Commission reports
Transmission System and Its Growth
+/- 600 kV /
800 kV
Important Initiatives
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Implementing HVDC lines for Interregional links
Development of 1200kV UHVAC Test Station at Bina
Smart Grid
GPS/GIS (Global Positioning/Information System) based
survey techniques
High temperature endurance conductor
Controlled switching of circuit breakers
Multi circuit and Compact towers to reduce corridor requirement.
High rise towers to avoid tree cutting and hindrance in
monuments
New Technologies
•Ultrasupercritical Technology ( 700 deg C)
•Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
•HV Transmission system – AC & DC
•Energy Storage systems
•Smart Grid & Smart Networking
•Solar Thermal- High temperature and grid parity
•Solar Photo Volataic – High Efficiency solar cells
•Fuel cells
Indian Power Sector
Challenges & Mitigating Measures
CHALLENGES
MITIGATING MEASURES
Land Acquisition
Revamping of land acquisition policy backed
by a win-win R&R policy
Environmental
Clearances
-Expeditious
Fuel Availability
-Development
Equipment Shortage
-Procurement from abroad
approval
of new coal mines by
CIL/Utilities matching planned generation
capacities.
-Securing coal linkages not only in india but
abroad also
Indian Power Sector
Challenges & Mitigating Measures
CHALLENGES
Manpower shortage
Financials
Project execution
Regulatory issues
MITIGATING MEASURES
-Proper training
-New courses in power generation tech.
- Multilateral financing
-Development of power plants in PPP
initiatives
-World best practices in project
management
-Ensuring Grid Discipline
Conclusions
GROWTH IN POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION
CAPACITIES REQUIRE
•
Adoption of New and Efficient Technologies
•
Investing in Research and Development
•
Availability of large scale skilled/unskilled manpower
•
Extensive Engagement with Society
•
Sensitivity towards Environment
•
Sustainable Growth
Discussions
NTPC Limited
( A Government of India Enterprise)
Lighting every third bulb in India
www.ntpc.co.in
39
Performing at global levels
700
610
Electricity Generation Billion Units
600
422
500
333
400
324
289
276
253
300
231
224
207
200
100
0
Electricité de
France
Korea
Electric
Power
E.On AG
RWE AG
Tokyo
Electric
Power
GDF Suez
Enel SpA
Comision
Federal De
Electricidad
Eskom
Holdings
NTPC
Highest capacity utilization
#
78%
80%
67%
61%
70%
60%
59%
58%
57%
60%
56%
55%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
NTPC
Korea Electric
Power
Taiwan Power
Eskom
Holdings
Entergy Corp
Datang
International
Huaneng
Power
Electricité de
France
American
Electric
40