Temperature Regulation Revision
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1
True or False:
Q. Some plants can use their metabolism to
warm themselves up when the ambient
temperature drops.
A. True
2
True or False:
Q. Ambient temperature relates to the
temperature outside.
A. False.
3
True or False:
Q. Blood clotting is an example of a negative
feedback loop.
A. False.
4
True or False:
Q. Receptors are sensory cells.
A. True.
5
True or False:
Q. Interoreceptors are sensors sensitive to
internal stimuli
A. True.
6
True or False:
Q. Homeostasis is only achieved when variables
are operating at the set point.
A. False.
7
Q. What two systems do mammals use to
maintain homeostasis?
A. Endocrine system and the nervous system.
8
Q. Explain what thermoreceptors and
chemoreceptors detect.
A. Thermoreceptors detect internal changes in
temperature. They are present inside and
outside the body. Chemoreceptors detect the
concentration of certain chemicals inside the
body.
9
Q. Provide an accurate definition of torpor.
A. Torpor - short term hibernation.
10
Q. Provide an accurate definition of brown fat.
A. Some endotherms have this special type of
tissue which once metabolised, produces heat. It
can be metabolised quickly in cold conditions.
11
Q. Identify two responses of plants to
temperature change.
A. Transpiration, turgor response (wilting),
leaf orientation, leaf fall, reseeding and
resprouting in response to fire,
thermogenic plants, organic anti-freeze,
dormancy and vernalisation.
12
Q. Distinguish between the endotherms and
ectotherms below.
A. endo, ecto, ecto, endo, endo, ecto.
13
Q. Explain the differences in endotherms and
ectotherms.
A. Endotherms – an organism that produces
heat through internal means, such as muscle
shivering or increasing its metabolism.
Ectotherms - organisms which depend on an
external source (the environment) for heat
energy.
14
Q. Identify 3 environments (that vary in
temperature) where life can be found. Identify
3 organisms that cannot survive in each of
these environments.
A. Desserts, Icy environments, hydrothermal
vents etc. Bears, elephants , penguins.
15
Q. What is a substrate? What is a enzyme?
Explain what is meant by substrate specific.
A. A substrate is the molecule on which an
enzyme acts upon. Enzymes are protein
molecules, present in cells, which act as
biological catalysts, controlling the rate of each
step of the complex chemical reactions that
take place in cells. Enzymes only act on one
type of substrate.
16
Q. Spell the 4 words read out by the teacher.
A. Catabolic, receptors, peripheral,
interoreceptors.
17
Q. Identify the pH as a way of describing the
acidity of a substance. What level do most
cells function at? What happens if the pH
fluctuates outside its normal range?
A. pH is the measure of the acidity or
alkalinity of a substance. If a substance
is a strong base it has a pH level of 14 if
a substance is a strong acid it has a pH
level of 0. Most cells function at or near
neutral. If the pH fluctuates outside its
normal range the enzyme will begin to
denature.
18
Q. Outline the role of the nervous system in detecting
and responding to environmental changes (Hint
there is 7 stages).
A. Stimuli, receptors, messengers, CNS, messengers,
effectors, response.
19
Q. Explain what a behavioural adaptation is.
Identify 3 behavioural adaptations. Describe a
behavioural adaptation an Australian animal
has to assist in temperature regulation
A. The things organisms do to survive. Altering
the position of the body, nocturnal activity and
migration. Frill necked lizards basking in the
sun.
20
Q. Explain what a structural adaptation is.
Identify 3 behavioural adaptations. Describe a
behavioural adaptation an Australian animal
has to assist in temperature regulation
A. Structural adaptations are physical features
of an organism. Insulation such as fur,
feathers etc. Surface area to volume ratio.
Colouration. The emu’s feathers, the
wombats surface area, diamond-backed
python.
21
Q. Explain what a physiological adaptation is.
Identify 3 behavioural adaptations. Describe a
behavioural adaptation an Australian animal
has to assist in temperature regulation
A. Inner body functions of an organism. Metabolic
activity. Hibernation. Blood flow (vasoconstriction and
vasodilatation). Countercurrent exchange.
Colouration. Wombat slowing down its metabolic rate
on hot days.
22
Q. Describe the differences and similarities
between a lock and key model and an induced
fit model.
A. Differences: Lock and Key: Enzyme shapes are
fixed or rigid and accommodate substrates of the
reciprocal shape.
Induced fit: Enzymes have a somewhat flexible
configuration and can adapt within limits to incoming
substrates.
Similarities: both rely on the active site and substrate
being compatible. Both allow for the existence of a cofactor which activates the enzyme.
23
Q. Draw and label a negative feedback loop of
thermoregulation. Be sure to include at least 2
different response to heat and cold in your
diagram.
A.
Q. List and describe 3 responses our bodies have to a hot
environment.
A. Vasodilation - dilation (expansion) of the
arterioles to the skin. Blood carrying heat is
directed to the surface of the body so that it
can be lost. (Think about how when we are hot
we spread ourselves out to lose heat. Our blood
vessels do the same).
Sweating - Sweat is secreted through sweat
pores onto the surface of the skin.
Decreased metabolism - thyroid gland is
stimulated causing our metabolism to slow
down. This produces reduces heat produced by
our bodies.
Worth – 500 points.
Q. What was the colour of the background in
the first PowerPoint presentation I showed
you? What is the URL of my wikispace? What
is the name of this topic?
A. Yellow.
www.year12biologyblasters33.wikispac
es.com. Maintaining a Balance.
Worth – 100 points
Q. Who won the last rugby world cup?
A. New Zealand.
Worth - 400
Q. List and describe 4 responses our bodies have to a cold
environment.
A. Raised hairs on the body (goose bumps) are an
attempt to trap a layer of warm air around the body.
Vasoconstriction - constriction (narrowing) of the
arterioles to the skin. The muscular walls of the small
blood vessels known as arterioles constrict so that
most blood flow is redirected to the body core. This
prevents loosing heat from the cooler body surface.
(Think about how when we are cold we tuck and
constrict our body in to conserve heat. Our blood
vessels do the same).
Shivering - rapid, small muscle contractions, which
generate heat in the body.
Increased metabolism - thyroid gland is stimulated
causing our metabolism to speed up. This produces
heat.
Worth - 400
Q. Watch and observe the clip.
A. Berwick St or Chatsworth Ave
Worth – 0
Worth 600
Q.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effects on body
function of increasing ambient temperature. Participants (100
individuals) were asked to lie down and remain as still as possible
during the entire experiment. The following observations were made:
• The starting temperature of the room was 22°C.
• The mean body temperature of all participants at the start of the
experiment was 37.1°C.
• As the room temperature increased, sweating and heart rate also
increased.
• As the room temperature returned to 22°C, sweating and heart rate
returned to normal.
In a control group of 100 participants who were lying down in a room
where
• Identify the dependent and independent
variables in this experiment
• Identify the body system that monitors and
responds to changes in external temperature.
• Draw and label a model of a feedback
mechanism that explains the observations
made in the experiment
A. Dependent variable - the effects on body
function of increasing ambient temperature
Independent variable – temperature
change.
Hypothalamus or
Thermorecptors