Committee on Aviation
Environmental Protection - CAEP
Additional Information
1
CAEP – Key Milestones
Global Climate
Template for
voluntary measures
Guidance on linking ETS (2010)
Guidance on ETS
(2007)
Guidance on offsetting (2010)
Guidance on
operational measures
(2004)
Support to develop Guidance
on States’ Action Plans (2011)
CO2 Trends Assessment (2010)
Noise
Local Air Quality
Emissions
New noise Standard
for subsonic jet
aeroplanes (Chapter 2)
Validation of IFSET (2011)
CO2 Standard
Certification
Requirement (2013)
Updated guidance on
operational measures
(2012)
CO2 Trends
Assessment (2013)
ICAO policy on
noise charging
New Standard on LAQrelated emissions from
turbojet and turbofan
engines
Airport planning manual
Noise Standard for jet and
turboprops made more
stringent (Chapter 3)
Noise Standard for jet
and turboprops made
more stringent
(Chapter 4)
Guidance on Balanced
Approach
NOx emissions Standard made more stringent
(1992, 1998, 2004, 2010)
Guidance on LAQ
emissions charging
Phase-out of Chapter 2
aeroplanes begins in 1995
CAEP proposes that
the Chapter 4 noise
Standard be made
more stringent
(Chapter 14) (2013)
Noise trends
assessment
EMS practices in
the aviation sector
LAQ trends
assessment
Airport Air Quality
Manual (2011)
2
CAEP Standards - Analysis Framework
Tells us what’s likely or
possible
WG1
Noise – Technical
Modeling and Databases
Group (MDG)
WG2
Operations
CAEP
FESG
Forecast and Economic
Analysis Support Group
WG3
Emissions –
Technical
•
•
Technical feasibility
Interdependencies of measures
Explains the effect on
the system
•
•
Environmental effectiveness
Economic reasonableness
3
CAEP - Modelling and Databases Group
(MDG)
Key areas of activity:
• Environmental modelling (local air quality, noise, and greenhouse gas emissions) and development/maintenance of databases to support:
– Environmental trends projection
– Analysis of environmental effectiveness of measures
• Evaluation of environmental models
• Review of environmental analysis methodologies
• Guidance on the development, application, and review of environmental models
MDG
Modelling and
Databases Group
Description of the work:
The CAEP Modelling and Databases Group synthesizes the input provided from the technical working groups and the Forecasting and Economic Analysis Support Group (FESG) to provide results
suitable for decision making and public information. Typical analyses include the projection of future environmental trends, the evaluation of stringency options for environmental Standards, and
environmental benefits associated with proposed measures. This information is a critical element of the Standards setting process as it enables policy makers to understand the environmental
effectiveness and environmental interdependencies of proposed measures. The group’s work is carried out through the use of the most sophisticated aviation local air quality, noise, and
greenhouse gas emissions models available worldwide and related databases, whose development and operation represent substantial investments by States and observer organizations. Before
being considered for use in CAEP, proposed models are subject to a rigorous review process to confirm their suitability, following which, they are carefully applied ensuring that consistent
assumptions and input data are used. Today 16 models have been graciously made available and approved for use within CAEP, along with qualified experts to run them.
Main publications:
• Trends assessment as the basis for decision-making on environmental matters (37th and 38th Sessions of ICAO Assembly)
• Doc 9889 – Airport Air Quality Manual
• Doc 9911 - Recommended Method for Computing Noise Contours Around Airports
1998: Development of Global
Aircraft Noise Impact
Assessment Model Initiated
1998: First Task Group on
Modelling Established
2001: First results from
MAGENTA (Model for
Assessing Global Exposure to
the Noise of Transport
Aircraft) presented
2004: Inventory of
models and
databases available
to support CAEP
work programme
2004: Noise/Emissions
interrelationships
considered in
development of NOx
stringency
2010: CAEP Trends
assessment accepted by
Assembly as the basis for
decision-making on
environmental matters
2010: Establishment of
Modelling and Databases
Group (MDG)
2007: Establishment of Modelling
and Databases Task Force (MODTF)
4
CAEP - Forecast and Economic analysis
Support Group (FESG)
Key areas of activity:
• Traffic and fleet forecasts for scheduled and non-scheduled traffic
• Cost-effectiveness analysis of environmental policy options including aircraft noise, emissions, market-based measures, etc.
• Evaluation of economic models used by CAEP
FESG
Forecast and
Economic analysis
Support Group
Description of the work:
The main role of the Forecast and Economic Analysis Support Group (FESG) of CAEP is to assess the economic reasonableness of environmental policy options
considered/analyzed by CAEP. To this end, it develops forecasts for those areas that are unique to environmental analyses, in particular the world aircraft fleet, including business
jets. This information is combined with inputs on technology from other CAEP working groups to form the basis for noise and emissions modelling by MDG. The results allow
FESG to perform economic analyses and studies of proposed aviation environmental Standards. This information is a critical element of the Policy and Standards setting process
as it enables policy makers to understand the cost-effectiveness of proposed measures. The group is composed of subject area experts from manufacturers (aircraft and engines),
airlines, air navigation service providers, non-governmental organizations and government officials who have been nominated by their respective CAEP members and observers.
The group’s work is carried out through the use of economic models and related databases that are made available to CAEP by States and observer organizations. Before being
considered for use in CAEP, proposed economic models are subject to a rigorous review process to ensure their suitability.
Deliverables:
• Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, IPCC Special Report, 1999
(Chapter 9: Aircraft Emissions: Current Inventories and Future Scenarios)
• Traffic & Fleet Forecast for CAEP/4, CAEP/5, CAEP/6, CAEP/8 and CAEP/9
• Analysis of Voluntary Agreements and Open Emission Trading systems
for the limitation of CO2 emissions from aviation with the AERO modelling system (CAEP/6)
• Analysis of open emission trading systems for the limitation of CO2 emissions
from aviation with the AERO modelling system (CAEP/6)
1998: 2050 traffic and
• Cost-effectiveness analysis of Noise standards (CAEP/3, CAEP/5, CAEP/9)
emissions scenarios,
• Cost-effective analysis of NOx standards (CAEP/4, CAEP/6 and CAEP/8)
presented to CAEP/4
• Cost-effectiveness analysis of aircraft noise and emissions charges (CAEP/7)
1995: First Traffic and Fleet
Forecast developed for CAEP .
1998: FESG established by the merger
of the Databases & Forecasting SubGroup (DBFSG) and Economic
Analyses Sub-Group (EASG)
2001, 2004: Economic
analyses of market
based measures for
GHG emissions
1998, 2004, 2010: NOx
Stringency Analyses
2001, 2004, 2010 and
2013: Traffic and Fleet
Forecasts
2001: Noise stringency analysis (Chapter 4)
2013: Noise stringency analysis (Chapter 14)
5
CAEP - Working Group 1 – Noise (WG1)
Key areas of activity:
• Noise technical issues
• Supersonic transport
• Noise reduction technology
WG1
Noise
Description of the work :
The main aim of Working Group 1 (WG1, Noise Technical) is to keep ICAO noise certification standards (in Annex 16, Volume I) up to date and effective, while ensuring that the
certification procedures are as simple and inexpensive as possible. The work includes monitoring and reporting of national and international noise technology research
programmes, involving assessing progress towards achieving CAEP noise technology goals. The group is also working on the development of a noise certification standard for
future supersonic aircraft and monitors and reports on the status of supersonic aircraft projects. The CAEP working groups liaise on the interdependencies of ICAO environmental
Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and WG1 is advising on the noise technical aspects associated with the development of the ICAO Aeroplane CO2 Standard.
During this CAEP cycle WG1 is also reviewing the status of Unmanned Aerial System noise certification and is conducting a review of noise technology advancements for
helicopters.
Main publications (Reference publications):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Annex 16 – Volume I, Aircraft Noise (Sixth Edition, July 2011)
Doc 9501 – Environmental Technical Manual, Volume I – Procedures for the Noise Certification of Aircraft (First Edition, 2010)
Doc 9829 – Guidance on the Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management (Second Edition, 2008)
Doc 9888 – Noise Abatement Procedures: Review of Research, Development and Implementation Projects - Discussion of Survey Results (2010)
Doc 9943 – Report by the CAEP Noise Technology Independent Expert Panel. Aircraft Noise Technology Review and Medium and Long Term Noise Reduction Goals. Report (2010)
Doc 10017 – Report by the Second CAEP Noise Technology Independent Expert Panel. Aircraft Noise Technology Review and Medium and Long Term Noise Reduction Goals. Report (Pending, 2014)
Annex 16, Chapter 2
ICAO adopts noise
standard for new subsonic
jet aeroplanes (1972)
Annex 16, Chapter 3
ICAO adopts more stringent
noise standard for new
subsonic jet and propellerdriven aeroplanes (1977)
Extraordinary session of
ICAO Assembly adopts
phase-out of Chapter 2
aeroplanes (1990)
ICAO 33rd Assembly
adopts the Balanced
Approach to Noise
Management (2001)
Annex 16, Volume I,
Chapter 4
ICAO adopts more
stringent noise standard
for new subsonic jet and
heavy propeller-driven
aeroplanes (2001)
Annex 16, Volume I,
Chapter 14
CAEP recommends an increase
in stringency in the noise
standard for new subsonic jet
and heavy propeller-driven
aeroplanes (2013).
Phase-out of Chapter 2
aeroplanes begins (1995)
6
CAEP - Working Group 2 – Airport and Operations
(WG2)
Key areas of activity:
• Airport management and land use planning
• Operational measures to reduce noise and emissions
• Environmental guideline for airport planning
• Airport noise monitoring
WG2
Airports and
Operations
Description of the work :
WG2 has been established at CAEP/2 (1991) to consider environmental issues related to airports and aircraft operations in the vicinity of the airports. The objective of the work programme of WG2 is
to provide guidance to airport authorities and planners on environmental issues related to airport expansion, construction and operation, define operational procedures and strategies,
WG2 is unique in that it does not have a set work programme where the tasks evolve from one CAEP cycle to the next. This requires that the membership and structure evolve with each CAEP cycle
to ensure that the right expertise is available to carry out the work.
Main publications (Reference publications):
•
•
•
•
•
•
Doc 9911-Recommended Method of Computing Noise Contours around Airports (ex Cir.205)
Doc 9968 - Report on environmental management system (EMS) practices in the aviation sector
Doc 9829 Guidance on the Balanced Approach to Aircraft Noise Management and Presentation on
Balanced Approach
Doc 9184 Airport planning manual, Part 2
Doc. 9888 Review of Noise Abatement Procedure Research, Development an implementation Project
Doc 9889 Airport Air Quality Manual
Doc.9184 Airport
Planning Manual to
include best
practices on land
use planning
Amendment to PAN
OPS Volume I Doc.8168
Development of the
Balanced Approach
Programme to Aircraft
Noise Management
•
•
•
•
•
•
Doc 9931 Continuous Descent Operations (CDO) Manual
Circ.317 Effects of PANS-OPS Noise Abatement Departure Procedures on Noise and Gaseous
Emissions
Doc 9968 Report on environmental management system (EMS) practices in the aviation sector
Doc 10013 Operational opportunities to reduce fuel burn and emissions (ex Circ. 303)
Doc 10021 Independent expert report on medium and long term operational fuel burn goals
Doc 10031- Environmental assessment guidance for proposed air traffic management operational
changes
Amendment to Annex
14, Volume I
Aerodrome Design and
Operations
Assess noise and
emissions from CDA
Environmental
Indicators
Independent Expert Operational
Goals Review
Development of a
Noise Database
Development of Provisions
concerning Noise Abatement
Procedures in PAN-OPS Volume II
Amendment to Annex
16, Volume I Aircraft
Noise
Environmental impact
assessment applied to
CNS/ATM
CAEP starts Environmental benefits Analysis
of Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBU)
7
CAEP - Working Group 3 – Emissions
(WG3)
Key areas of activity:
• Emissions technical issues
• Aeroplane CO2 Standard
• Particulate Matter Standard
WG3
Emissions
Description of the work :
The main aim of Working Group 3 (WG3, Emissions Technical) is to keep ICAO engine emissions certification standards up to date and effective, while ensuring that the
certification procedures are as simple and inexpensive as possible. Working Group 3, in conjunction with the other CAEP working groups, is currently working on the development
of the ICAO Aeroplane CO2 emissions Standard, which should be complete during late 2015. The group is also tasked with assessing advances, within the context of the existing
CAEP technology goals, in aircraft and engine design technologies with regard to their impact on fuel burn. The group works on issues associated with Local Air Quality (LAQ) and
this includes the development of a non-volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Standard, advancing the understanding of volatile PM, and monitoring and reviewing combustion
technologies and advances in combustion design with the aim of understanding future impacts on gaseous emissions and PM.
Main publications:
• Annex 16 – Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions (Third Edition, July 2008)
• Doc 9501 – Environmental Technical Manual Volume II – Procedures for the Emissions Certification of Aircraft Engines (First Edition, 2010)
• Doc 9884 – Guidance on aircraft emission charges related to local air quality (2007)
• Doc 9887 – Report of the Independent Experts on the LTTG NOx Review and Medium and Long Term Technology Goals for NOx (2008)
• Doc 9953 – Report of the Independent Experts to CAEP/8 on the Second NOx Review and the Establishment of Medium and Long Term Technology Goals for NOx (2010)
• Doc 9963 – Report of the Independent Experts on the Medium and Long Term Goals for Aviation Fuel Burn Reduction From Technology (2010)
• Circular 337 - Circular on the CO2 Standard Certification Requirement (2014, Pending)
CAEP begins the
development of the
Annex 16, Volume II
ICAO aeroplane CO2
ICAO adopts standards related to
Standard (2010)
controlling smoke, fuel venting and
ICAO adopts more
ICAO adopts more
gaseous emissions from turbojet
ICAO adopts
stringent NOx
stringent NOx
CAEP approves the
and turbofan engines (1981)
CAEP begins the
more stringent
Standard
Standard
certification requirement
development
of
NOx Standard
(CAEP/2, 1992)
(CAEP/4, 1998)
the ICAO aeroplane CO2
Particulate Matter
(CAEP/6, 2004)
standard (2013) and agrees
Standard (2010)
to a deliverable date of 2016
for the full CO2 Standard.
ICAO adopts more stringent NOx Standard (CAEP/8,
2010) and agrees to production cut-off for engines
not complying with the CAEP/6 NOx Standard
8
CAEP - Alternative Fuels Task Force (AFTF)
Key areas of activity:
• Projection for future sustainable alternative fuels production
• Fuels life cycle emissions
AFTF
Alternative Fuels
Task Force
Description of the work:
The Alternative Fuels Task Force (AFTF) objective is to evaluate the range of potential greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions reductions from the use of alternative fuels in aviation to 2050 through the assessment of alternative fuels life cycle emissions and the
projection of what alternative fuels production could be up to 2050.
The results of this assessment will provide a global view of the potential contribution of alternative fuels to the achievement of the aspirational goals of
stabilizing the GHG emissions of aviation at their level of 2020. They will also serve as input for the inclusion of alternative fuels in the CAEP’s trends
assessment to 2050, performed by the Modeling and Database Group (MDG).
A secondary outcomes of the study will be the definition of a methodology for the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of alternative fuels emissions for the purpose
of ICAO’s environmental trends assessment. This methodology will serve as a basis for providing assistance and guidance to States on the evaluation of
potential benefits deriving from the use of alternative fuels. The task force was set up in November 2013 as part of CAEP/10 cycle.
Reference publications:
The Challenges for the Development and Deployment of Sustainable Alternative Fuels in Aviation (Outcomes of ICAO`s SUSTAF experts group)
AFTF
establishment
Detailed Work
Plan
Review of existing
projection of alternative
fuels production
LCA methodology
report
Methodology for alt.
fuels production
assessment
Alternative
fuel emissions
report
Final report: range for
emissions reduction
9
CAEP - Global Market Based Measure
Technical Task Force (GMTF)
ToRs for GMTF established by CAEP Members and Observes meeting
(23/24 January 2014)
Key areas of activity:
• Carbon credits to be eligible for a global MBM scheme
• Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) system for a global MBM scheme
GMTF
Global MBM
Technical Task
Force
Reference publications:
• Doc 9885 - Draft guidance on the use of emissions trading for aviation
• Doc 9949 - Scoping study of issues related to linking "open" emissions trading systems involving international aviation
• Doc 9950 - Report on voluntary emissions trading for aviation
• Doc 9951 - Offsetting emissions from the aviation sector
• Doc 10018 - Report on the assessment of market-based measures
Doc- 9949
Guidance on
linking ETS (2010)
Doc 9951 Guidance on
offsetting (2010)
GMTF established
(Jan. 2014)
Initial MBMs
analyses (2001 to
2004)
Doc 9885 Guidance on ETS
(2007)
Doc 9950 –
Voluntary ETS
report (2010)
10