United States of America
China
Russian Federation
Brazil
India
Thailand
Mexico
Iran
Indonesia
Turkey
South Africa
Vietnam
Colombia
Philippines
Ethiopia
United Kingdom: England & Wales
Poland
Pakistan
Peru
Morocco
Bangladesh
Ukraine
France
Spain
Argentina
Taiwan
Egypt
Germany
Japan
Algeria
Myanmar (formerly Burma)
Cuba
Nigeria
Rwanda
Kenya
Italy
Venezuela
Republic of (South) Korea
Malaysia
Kazakhstan
Saudi Arabia
Uzbekistan
Iraq
Chile
Uganda
Canada
Australia
Tanzania
Belarus
El Salvador
2500000
2250000
Prison population totals
2000000
1750000
1500000
1250000
1000000
750000
500000
250000
0
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Walmsley, R. World Prison Population List, 2013
900
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Seychelles
United States of America
St. Kitts and Nevis
Virgin Islands (USA)
Turkmenistan
Cuba
Rwanda
El Salvador
Russian Federation
Thailand
Belize
Grenada
Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)
Guam (USA)
Bermuda (United Kingdom)
Anguilla (United Kingdom)
Sint Maarten (Netherlands)
Panama
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Costa Rica
Dominica
American Samoa (USA)
Cayman Islands (United Kingdom)
Belarus
Puerto Rico (USA)
St. Lucia
Barbados
Lithuania
Greenland (Denmark)
Maldives
Brazil
South Africa
Iran
Swaziland
Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
Curaçao (Netherlands)
Uruguay
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Mongolia
Taiwan
Northern Mariana Islands (USA)
Guyana
Latvia
French Guiana/Guyane (France)
Palau
Colombia
990
Prison incarceration rates per 100,000
810
720
630
540
450
360
270
180
90
0
Walmsley, R. World Prison Population List, 2013
1 in 100 adults incarcerated
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/one-in-100
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
The Pew Center on the States, One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008, p. 6
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/one-in-100
The Pew Center on the States, One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008, p. 6
U.S. Prison Population, 2000 - 2010
State
Federal
1800000
1350000
900000
450000
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Guerino, Harrison, & Sabol, 2012, Bureau of Justice Statistics
U.S. Prison Population, 2012
Public
Private
9%
91%
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Carson, E. A., & Golinelli, D. (2013). Prisoners in 2012: Trends in Admissions and Releases, 1991-2012.
U.S. Private Prison Population, 1999, 2010
1999
2010
1700000
+18%
140000
1600000
+80%
105000
+40%
1500000
70000
1400000
+784%
35000
1300000
0
1200000
Total private
Federal private
State private
Total prison population
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Mason, C. (2012). Too Good to be True: Private Prisons in America. Washington, DC.
1 in 31 adults under some correctional supervision
The Pew Center on the States: One in 31: The Long Reach of American Corrections, 2009. p. 7
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/0001/01/01/one-in-31
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005, by time from
release to first arrest that led to recidivating event
%
100
80
60
All releases
40
Conviction
Return to prison
20
Time from release to first arrest (in months)
0
0
2
4
6
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Durose, Cooper, & Snyder, 2014, Bureau of Justice Statistics
Recidivism of prisoners released in 30 states in 2005, by time from
release to first arrest that led to recidivating event
% 90
67.5
45
Male
Female
White non-Hispanic
Black non-Hispanic
22.5
Hispanic
Time from release to first arrest (in months)
0
0
4
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
Durose, Cooper, & Snyder, 2014, Bureau of Justice Statistics
Violent crime rates, 1991-2010
Aggrevated assault
Robbery
Forcible rape
Murder/manslaughter
800
640
480
320
160
0
1991
1993
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Non-violent crime rates, 1991-2010
Burglary
Larceny-theft
Motor vehicle theft
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
1991
1993
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Total estimated drug law violation arrests, 1980 - 2007
2000000
1500000
1000000
500000
0
1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
FBI, Uniform Crime Reports, Crime in the United States, annually
Estimated drug arrests by type, 1982 - 2007
Sale/manufacture
Possession
2000000
1600000
1200000
800000
400000
0
1982
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
FBI, Uniform Crime Reports, Crime in the United States, annually
https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
https://www.brennancenter.org/sites/default/files/publications/What_Caused_The_Crime_Decline.pdf
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Increased potential for
• AIDS
• Hepatitis
• Tuberculosis
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Sexual violence
Prison inmates now an aging population
• Sentences exceed life expectancies
17 - 25% of people estimated to be HIV+ will pass through
a correctional facility each year
Drug use among correctional populations double the total use in the U.S. population
• 70 - 85% of inmates need some substance abuse treatment
Suicide rate 4 times higher in jails than general population
Drucker, Plague of Prisons, 2011
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Prevalence estimates of psychiatric disorder diagnoses in state prisons
Slides from Seth J. Prins, 2012-2015
Prins, SJ. Prevalence of Mental Illnesses in U.S. State Prisons: A Systematic
Review. Psychiatric Services, 65(7). 2014