US HISTORY EOC REVIEW
GOAL 1—THE NEW NATION (1789-1815)
1. President George Washington appointed the first ____________________, the heads of executive departments and his official
advisors.
2. The ____________________ Act of 1789 created the federal court system.
3. The ____________________ was added to the US Constitution to guarantee individual liberties.
4. The creation of Washington, DC was the result of a ____________________ regarding the payment of states’ debts caused by the
Revolutionary War.
5. The creation of the ____________________ illustrated the first differences over the interpretation of the US Constitution.
6. Differences between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to the creation of the first ____________________.
7. The Whiskey Rebellion illustrated the federal government’s authority to enforce ____________________ within state boundaries.
8. The ____________________ Treaty with Spain gave the US access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans.
9. The ____________________ Treaty with Britain removed the last British troops from US soil but failed to resolve other problems.
10. The Treaty of Greenville forced ____________________ from their lands in Ohio.
11. In his Farewell Address, President Washington warned the American people of the dangers of ____________________ and of
foreign ____________________.
12. In the Early Republic, only white, adult males who owned property could ____________________.
13. The ____________________ Affair led to the Quasi War with France and the passage of the ____________________ that limited
freedoms of speech and press.
14. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions first proposed ____________________, the refusal of a state to obey a federal law.
15. President Thomas Jefferson followed a policy of ____________________ that reduced the role of the national government in the
economy and in people’s lives.
16. President Jefferson arranged for the purchase of ____________________ from France in 1803.
17. ____________________ and ____________________ explored the Louisiana Territory.
18. Marbury v. Madison established the principle of ____________________, the right of the Supreme Court to declare a federal law
unconstitutional.
19. Continuous warfare between Great Britain and France threatened the official US policy of ____________________.
20. The ____________________ Act of 1807 prohibited most US foreign trade and contributed to a depression in the US.
21. Tecumseh led uprisings of ____________________ against white settlement in the Midwest in the early 1800s.
22. The ____________________ was caused by the British policy of impressment, British aid to Native Americans, and British
interference with US trade.
23. New England delegates at the Hartford Convention in 1814 first suggested ____________________, the withdrawal of a state
from the Union.
24. The Treaty of ____________________ ended the War of 1812 without any victor or loser.
25. Gen. Andrew Jackson emerged as a hero after the US victory over the British at the Battle of ____________________.
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GOAL 2: EXPANSION AND REFORM (1815-1850)
1. ____________________ is the feeling of loyalty to the nation as a whole.
2. The Era of ____________________ was associated with the presidency of James Monroe.
3. ____________________ is the feeling of loyalty to a geographic region instead of the nation as a whole.
4. The ____________________ Compromise of 1820 temporarily settled the question of slavery in the territories and the admission of
states to the Union.
5. The ____________________ warned European nations not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere and pledged the US
not to interfere in European affairs.
6. The Rush-Bagot Treaty prohibited US and British warships on the ____________________.
7. The Adams-Onís Treaty provided for the US purchase of ____________________ from Spain.
8. Chief Justice ____________________ presided over many Supreme Court decisions that strengthened the power of the national
government.
9. McCulloch v. Maryland settled the question of the constitutionality of the ____________________.
10. ____________________ proposed the American System to modernize the US economy.
11. The ____________________ Revolution is the change from man-made to factories and machine-made goods.
12. ____________________ referred to construction of roads and canals.
13. The ____________________ Canal in New York united the Midwest with the Atlantic Ocean.
14. Robert Fulton invented an early ____________________ that improved water transportation.
15. Samuel Slater helped develop the ____________________ industry in New England.
16. ____________________ and ____________________ were most of the workers in early textile mills.
17. ____________________ invented the cotton gin, ____________________ invented the steel plow, and ____________________
invented the mechanical reaper.
18. ____________________ invented the telegraph.
19. Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay of engaging in a “____________________ bargain” in the election
of 1824.
20. The Age of the ____________________ is associated with the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
21. ____________________ suffrage referred to the elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office in the 1820s
and 1830s.
22. President Jackson was referred to as “King Andrew” for his ____________________, especially of the re-charter of the Second
Bank of the United States and internal improvements bills.
23. President Jackson removed federal funds from the Second Bank of the US and placed them in ____________________.
24. The ____________________ Act forced the relocation of eastern Native Americans to the West.
25. Vice-President John C. Calhoun believed that ____________________ could refuse to obey federal laws.
26. A ____________________ is a tax on imported goods.
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27. President Jackson threatened to use military force against the state of ____________________ for refusing to obey the tariff law.
28. The Trail of Tears was the route taken by the ____________________ to Oklahoma.
29. The ____________________ Party was formed to oppose the policies of President Jackson.
30. The ____________________ of 1837 was a severe depression caused in part by President Jackson’s monetary policies.
31. ____________________ used the campaign slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” to win the presidency in 1840.
32. ____________________ was the reform movement to limit alcohol use in the mid-1800s.
33. ____________________ led the movement for better care for the mentally ill.
34. ____________________ was a leader of the public education movement in the mid-1800s.
35. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 demanded equal rights for ____________________.
36. ____________________ was the reform movement proposing to end slavery in the US.
37. ____________________, the editor of The Liberator, and ____________________, the editor of The North Star, were leading
abolitionists.
38. ____________________ led an unsuccessful slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831.
39. ____________________ was a runaway slave known as “Black Moses.”
40. The ____________________ was a religious revival among Protestant churches in the first half of the 1800s.
41. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was organized by ____________________, and members of the Church are also
known as ____________________.
42. After the death of Joseph Smith, ____________________ led the Mormons to ____________________.
43. Brook Farm, Oneida, and New Harmony are examples of ____________________ communities, settlements where individuals
sought to live in perfection.
44. ____________________ came to the US in the 1840s and 1850s to escape famine and settled in northeastern cities.
45. ____________________ came to the US in the 1850s to escape warfare and settled in the Midwest.
46. ____________________ is favoritism of native-born Americans over immigrants.
47. Nativists organized the ____________________ or the American Party.
48. ____________________ is the belief that the US should expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.
49. “Remember the Alamo” was the rallying cry that led to the independence of ____________________ from Mexico.
50. ____________________ used the campaign slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!” to win the presidency in 1844 and referred to the
desire of the US to obtain the ____________________ Country.
51. The annexation of Texas and the US desire to obtain California led to the ____________________ War.
52. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the ____________________ War and gave to the US land in the Southwest known as the
____________________ Cession.
53. The Gadsden Purchase gave to the US land to construct a ____________________.
54. “Forty-niners” went to ____________________ to search for ____________________.
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55. ____________________ wanted to create a distinct form of American English through his Dictionary and Blue-Backed Speller.
56. ____________________ wrote novels about the American frontier.
57. ____________________ wrote short stories about suspense, terror, and horror.
58. ____________________ wrote novels about Puritan New England.
59. ____________________ wrote the “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle.”
60. ____________________ was the belief that people could overcome the limits of their minds and let their souls reach out to
embrace the beauty of the universe.
61. ____________________ was a transcendentalist writer whose works included “Walden” and “Civil Disobedience.”
62. The ____________________ was a group of artists who painted mostly nature scenes in the Northeast.
63. ____________________ was an architectural style that incorporated the achievements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
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GOAL 2, PART 1: EXPANSION (1815-1850)
1. ____________________ is the feeling of loyalty to the nation as a whole.
2. The Era of ____________________ was associated with the presidency of James Monroe.
3. ____________________ is the feeling of loyalty to a geographic region instead of the nation as a whole.
4. The ____________________ Compromise of 1820 temporarily settled the question of slavery in the territories and the admission of
states to the Union.
5. The ____________________ warned European nations not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere and pledged the US
not to interfere in European affairs.
6. The Rush-Bagot Treaty prohibited US and British warships on the ____________________.
7. The Adams-Onís Treaty provided for the US purchase of ____________________ from Spain.
8. Chief Justice ____________________ presided over many Supreme Court decisions that strengthened the power of the national
government.
9. McCulloch v. Maryland settled the question of the constitutionality of the ____________________.
10. ____________________ proposed the American System to modernize the US economy.
11. The ____________________ Revolution is the change from man-made to machine-made goods in factories.
12. ____________________ referred to construction of roads and canals.
13. The ____________________ Canal in New York united the Midwest with the Atlantic Ocean.
14. Robert Fulton invented an early ____________________ that improved water transportation.
15. Samuel Slater helped develop the ____________________ industry in New England.
16. ____________________ and ____________________ were most of the workers in early textile mills.
17. ____________________ invented the cotton gin, ____________________ invented the steel plow, and ____________________
invented the mechanical reaper.
18. ____________________ invented the telegraph.
19. Andrew Jackson accused John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay of engaging in a “____________________ bargain” in the election
of 1824.
20. The Age of the ____________________ is associated with the presidency of Andrew Jackson.
21. ____________________ suffrage referred to the elimination of property qualifications for voting and holding office in the 1820s
and 1830s.
22. President Jackson was referred to as “King Andrew” for his ____________________, especially of the re-charter of the Second
Bank of the United States and internal improvements bills.
23. President Jackson removed federal funds from the Second Bank of the US and placed them in ____________________.
24. The ____________________ Act forced the relocation of eastern Native Americans to the West.
25. The Trail of Tears was the route taken by the ____________________ to Oklahoma.
26. Vice-President John C. Calhoun believed that ____________________ could refuse to obey federal laws.
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27. A ____________________ is a tax on imported goods.
28. President Jackson threatened to use military force against the state of ____________________ for refusing to obey the tariff law.
29. The ____________________ Party was formed to oppose the policies of President Jackson.
30. The ____________________ of 1837 was a severe depression caused in part by President Jackson’s monetary policies.
31. ____________________ used the campaign slogan “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” to win the presidency in 1840.
32. ____________________ is the belief that the US should expand its boundaries to the Pacific Ocean.
33. “Remember the Alamo” was the rallying cry that led to the independence of ____________________ from Mexico.
34. ____________________ used the campaign slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight!” to win the presidency in 1844 and referred to the
desire of the US to obtain the ____________________ Country.
35. The annexation of Texas and the US desire to obtain California led to the ____________________ War.
36. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the ____________________ War and gave to the US land in the Southwest known as the
____________________ Cession.
37. The Gadsden Purchase gave to the US land to construct a ____________________.
38. “Forty-niners” went to ____________________ to search for ____________________.
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GOAL 2, PART 2: REFORM AND CULTURAL EXPANSION
1. ____________________ was the reform movement to limit alcohol use in the mid-1800s.
2. ____________________ led the movement for better care for the mentally ill.
3. ____________________ was a leader of the public education movement in the mid-1800s.
4. The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 demanded equal rights for ____________________. The leading organizers were
____________________ and ____________________.
5. ____________________ was the reform movement proposing to end slavery in the US.
6. ____________________, the editor of The Liberator, and ____________________, the editor of The North Star, were leading
abolitionists.
7. ____________________ led an unsuccessful slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831.
8. ____________________ was a former slave known for her “Ain’t I a woman?” speech.
9. The ____________________ was a religious revival among Protestant churches in the first half of the 1800s.
10. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was organized by ____________________, and members of the Church are also
known as ____________________.
11. After the death of Joseph Smith, ____________________ led the Mormons to ____________________.
12. Brook Farm, Oneida, and New Harmony are examples of ____________________ communities, settlements where individuals
sought to live in perfection.
13. ____________________ wanted to create a distinct form of American English through his Dictionary and Blue-Backed Speller.
14. ____________________ wrote novels about the American frontier.
15. ____________________ wrote short stories about suspense, terror, and horror.
16. ____________________ wrote novels about Puritan New England.
17. ____________________ wrote the “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” and “Rip Van Winkle.”
18. ____________________ was the belief that people could overcome the limits of their minds and let their souls reach out to
embrace the beauty of the universe.
19. ____________________ was a transcendentalist writer whose works included “Walden” and “Civil Disobedience.”
20. The ____________________ was a group of artists who painted mostly nature scenes in the Northeast.
21. ____________________ was an architectural style that incorporated the achievements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
22. ____________________ came to the US in the 1840s and 1850s to escape famine and settled in northeastern cities.
23. ____________________ came to the US in the 1850s to escape warfare and settled in the Midwest.
24. ____________________ is favoritism of native-born Americans over immigrants.
25. Nativists organized the ____________________ or the American Party.
26. ____________________ refers to the period of time before the Civil War.
27. ____________________ were at the top of the social classes in the Antebellum South.
28. ____________________ were at the bottom of the social classes in the Antebellum South.
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GOAL 3: SECTIONALISM, CIVIL WAR, AND RECONSTRUCTION
1. The ____________________ Proviso first proposed to prohibit slavery in the lands obtained from Mexico.
2. ____________________ codes were southern laws regulating the activities of slaves.
3. The ____________________ was a secret network of individuals who assisted slaves in reaching freedom in the North.
4. The ____________________ Party was formed in 1848 to oppose expansion of slavery into the territories.
5. The Compromise of 1850 admitted ____________________ as a free state and forever altered the balance of free states and slave
states.
6. Senator Stephen A. Douglas proposed ____________________, or letting the voters decide, as the solution to the slavery issue in
the territories.
7. The ____________________ Act of 1850 strengthened laws requiring the return of runaway slaves.
8. Harriet Beecher Stowe was the author of ____________________, an anti-slavery novel.
9. The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the ____________________ Compromise and provided for the use of ____________________
to determine the status of slavery in the remaining Louisiana Territory.
10. The ____________________ Party was formed in 1854 by former Free-Soilers, anti-slavery Whigs, and anti-slavery Democrats
who opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
11. ____________________ was a radical abolitionist who was responsible for the massacre of pro-slavery settlers at Pottawatomie
Creek, Kansas.
12. “____________________” referred to the violence in Kansas.
13. The Supreme Court decision ____________________ ruled that slaves were property and that blacks were not citizens.
14. In the 1858 Illinois US Senate race, Republican Abraham Lincoln opposed the extension of ____________________ into the
territories and Democrat Stephen Douglas supported ____________________ to determine status of slavery in the territories.
15. ____________________ led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, and was hanged as a traitor to the South but was
considered by many to be a martyr in the North.
16. South Carolina was the first state to ____________________ after Republican ____________________ won the presidential
election of 1860.
17. Seceded southern states formed the ____________________ and elected ____________________ as its president.
18. The Civil War began when Confederate forces bombarded Fort ____________________ in Charleston, South Carolina.
19. North Carolina seceded when President Lincoln called for 75,000 ____________________ to put down the Southern rebellion.
20. President Lincoln suspended the writ of ____________________ to silence the opposition of ____________________, Southern
sympathizers in Maryland.
21. The Union’s ____________________ Plan created a naval ____________________ of the Southern ports.
22. In the early years of the Civil War, the ____________________ had superior military leadership.
23. The Monitor and the Merrimac were the first ____________________, or armor plated warships in the US.
24. The Confederacy believed that King Cotton diplomacy and the Trent “Affair would force ____________________ to enter the
war against the Union.
25. President Lincoln issued the ____________________ that freed slaves behind Confederate lines.
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26. Union victory at the Battle of Vicksburg secured control of the ____________________ River and divided the Confederacy in two.
27. Union victory at the Battle of ____________________ in Pennsylvania was considered a turning point in the Civil War.
28. Across Georgia and South Carolina, Union Gen. William T. Sherman conducted a campaign of “____________________” war,
destroying everything of military value to the Confederates.
29. The Civil War ended when Confederate Gen. ____________________ surrendered to Union Gen. ____________________ at
____________________ after Union forces captured the Confederate capital of ____________________, Virginia.
30. The assassination of President ____________________ ended hope for a ____________________ policy toward the former
Confederate states.
31. Republicans, led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, wanted a ____________________ policy toward the South.
32. ____________________ referred to the period after the Civil War when most of the former Confederate states were divided into
military districts and forced to satisfy certain congressional conditions before being readmitted to the Union.
33. The ____________________ Bureau provided immediate food, clothing, shelter, medical care, education, and employment
assistance to former slaves.
34. After the Civil War, many former slaves became ____________________ farmers who paid cash for rent or
____________________ who paid a portion of their crops for rent.
35. ____________________ codes were southern laws regulating the activities of African Americans immediately after the Civil War
36. The ____________________ was a terrorist organization created to limit the political activities of African Americans and their
white supporters in the South after the Civil War.
37. Radical Republicans____________________ President Johnson because of his opposition to Reconstruction legislation.
38. ____________________ were Southern white members of the Republican Party.
39. ____________________ were Northern white Republicans who settled in the South after the Civil War.
40. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished ____________________ in the US.
41. The ____________________ Amendment defined citizenship and guaranteed “due process of law.”
42. The ____________________ Amendment prohibited voter discrimination based on race or national origin.
43. The administration of President ____________________ was tarnished by the Whiskey Ring, Indian Bureau, and Credit Mobilier
scandals.
44. The Compromise of 1877 settled the presidential election of 1876 when Republican ____________________ became president
and the last federal ____________________ were removed from the South.
45. The Solid South referred to the long period after the Civil War when the ____________________ Party controlled almost entirely
Southern politics.
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GOAL 4: THE GREAT WEST (1860-1915)
1. The Sierra Nevadas, the Rockies, the Black Hills, and the Klondike contained rich deposits of ____________________.
2. The Comstock Lode in Nevada was a rich deposit of ____________________.
3. The center of the Cattle Kingdom was ____________________.
4. Ranchers drove Texas ____________________ along the Chisholm ____________________ north to cow towns to reach
____________________ from which cattle were transported to slaughterhouses.
5. The ____________________ car allowed fresh meat to be sent from slaughterhouses to markets in Eastern cities.
6. Much of the cowboy culture, dress and vocabulary, originated with ____________________ Americans.
7. One-third of cowboys were whites, one third were Mexican Americans, and one-third were ____________________ Americans.
8. ____________________ committees often kept law and order in mining camps and cow towns.
9. The ____________________ Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of almost free land to the head of household for farming in the West.
10. Early farmers on the Great Plains built temporary houses called dugouts or ____________________.
11. Former slaves who moved to Kansas after the Civil War to farm were known as ____________________.
12. Westerners used ____________________ to pump water from deep wells and ____________________ to fence in farms or
ranches.
13. Farmers grew mostly ____________________ in the Dakotas and ____________________ in Kansas and Nebraska.
14. Because of their contributions to successful settlement of the West, many Western territories and states granted the right to vote to
____________________.
15. The ____________________ Act granted land to the West for the creation of agricultural and mechanical colleges.
16. The first ____________________ railroad was completed in 1869 when the Central Pacific and Union Pacific Railroad
Companies linked their lines at Promontory Point, ____________________.
17. Most workers for the Central Pacific Railroad Company were ____________________ immigrants from California, and most
workers for the Union Pacific Railroad Company were ___________________ immigrants from the East.
18. Native Americans on the Great Plains hunted ____________________ for food, clothing, shelter, and tools.
19. Chief ____________________ of the Nez Percé and Sitting Bull of the ____________________ led their peoples in resisting
forced relocation onto ____________________.
20. The Sioux and their allies defeated Col. George Armstrong Custer and the 7 th Cavalry at the Battle of ____________________.
21. African American soldiers in the US Army were known as “____________________” soldiers.
22. The ____________________ Act attempted to “Americanize” Native Americans of the West by forcing them to become farmers
and change their appearance and religious beliefs.
23. In 1890, over 100 Native Americans, mostly women and children, were massacred by the US Army at ____________________,
South Dakota.
24. ____________________ described the broken treaties and harsh treatment of Native Americans by the US government in her
book A Century of Dishonor.
25. After the 1890 census revealed settlement throughout much of the West, Frederick Jackson Turner wrote about the significance of
the ____________________ in American history.
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26. Westerner organized the Patrons of Husbandry, or ____________________, to promote social and educational interaction among
its members.
27. Farmers’ ____________________ were member-owned business organizations that allowed its members to purchase goods at
lower prices and to sell products at higher prices.
28. The National, Southern, and Colored Farmers ____________________ were organized to promote economic and political interests
of farmers.
29. Many farmers received low prices for their crops because of ____________________ created by better farming techniques.
30. The economic success of farmers was greatly affected by the high shipping rates charged by ____________________ companies
and the high interest rates charged by ____________________.
31. To raise crop prices, farmers demanded the federal government increase the money supply by issuing more
____________________, or paper money, and minting more ____________________ coins.
32. In 1890, the People’s or ____________________ Party was created to promote the economic and political interests of Western
farmers.
33. The Populist Party favored ____________________, the issuance of more gold and silver coins to create inflation and
____________________ prices for farm products.
34. In 1896, ____________________ was the presidential candidate of both the Democratic and Populist Parties and delivered his
famous ____________________ speech to oppose the ____________________ standard, the reliance of gold as the nation’s currency.
35. Republican candidate ____________________ victory over William Jennings Bryan in the 1896 presidential election ended the
Populist movement.
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GOAL 5: INDUSTRIALIZATION, IMMIGRATION, GILDED AGE
1. John D. Rockefeller developed a monopoly in the ____________________ industry.
2. Andrew Carnegie was best associated with the ____________________ industry.
3. ____________________ integration is the control of the businesses that supply, transport, and manufacture finished goods, and
____________________ integration is the control of one level of productivity.
4. ____________________ is the total control of an industry by one company.
5. Many industrialists used the concept of Social ____________________ to justify their wealth and the creation of monopolies.
6. Horatio Alger was the author of “____________________” novels, stories usually of poor young men going to the big city and
through a combination of hard work and luck, became successful.
7. Many businessmen in the late 1800s viewed themselves as ____________________ of Industry because they provided needed
goods and employment. Their critics considered them to be Robber ____________________ because of the immense wealth they
created at the expense of the workers.
8. Many industrialists believed in the ____________________ of Wealth, the concept that wealthy Americans should use their
fortunes to help others in such areas as education, arts, and medicine.
9. The first large labor union was the ____________________ of Labor, an organization created to include all types of industrial
workers.
10. Samuel Gompers led the ____________________, a union representing mostly skilled workers.
11. ____________________ were replacement workers hired during a strike.
12. During the major labor strikes of the late 1800s, the federal government sided with ____________________.
13. The ____________________ is used by employers to prevent labor activists from obtaining employment.
14. ____________________ is a method of settling a labor dispute in which a third party makes the decision.
15. The ____________________ Immigration referred to the period before 1880 when most immigrants to the US came from Western
and ____________________ Europe.
16. The ____________________ Immigration referred to the period after 1880 when most immigrants to the US came from Eastern
and ____________________ Europe.
17. Most immigrants from Europe after 1880 arrived in the US through ____________________ Island in New York.
18. New York City’s Little Italy and San Francisco’s Chinatown were examples of cultural ____________________.
19. The Americanization movement desired to ____________________ immigrants into the dominant white culture.
20. The Chinese ____________________ Act prohibited most Chinese immigration.
21. Most immigrants lived in low-rent, over-crowded apartment dwellings known as ____________________.
22. Jane Addams opened ____________________, a settlement house that served a poor neighborhood in Chicago.
23. Steel frames and elevators provided for the construction of tall buildings known as ____________________.
24. Elevated railroads, electric trolleys, and subways helped solve the urban problem of ____________________.
25. The ____________________ was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
26. The telephone and the typewriter were inventions that brought ____________________ into male-dominated business offices.
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27. Frederick Law Olmstead designed Central Park in ____________________.
28. Coney Island was an ____________________ park in NY City.
29. Mark Twain referred to the late 1800s as the “____________________ Age” because the glittering lifestyle of the wealthy
concealed corruption and greed.
30. The ____________________ Commerce Act of 1887 was intended to regulate railroad rates.
31. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890s was intended to prevent ____________________.
32. William Marcy Tweed was the notorious “boss” of ____________________, the ____________________ Party political machine
in New York City.
33. The Pendleton (____________________) Act replaced the patronage or ____________________ system with the merit system for
hiring federal government employees.
34. The Crédit Mobilier and Whiskey Ring scandals occurred when ____________________ was president.
35. Most presidents during the Gilded Age followed an economic policy of ____________________, or limited government
involvement.
36. ____________________ invented the light bulb, phonograph, movie camera, and movie projector.
37. Mail order ____________________ advertised the latest products and contributed to the development of a popular culture.
38. ____________________ revolutionized the automobile industry by introducing the assembly line and reducing prices to make his
Model T affordable.
39. The Wright brothers, Orville and Wilbur, invented the ____________________.
40. ____________________ was a popular style of painting in the late 1800s and early 1900s that appealed to the observer’s
emotions.
41. Mark Twain and Jack London were famous local color ____________________
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GOAL 6: IMPERIALISM (1865-1900)
1. ____________________ was the belief in the late 1800s and early 1900s that powerful nations should exercise economic, political,
and territorial control over weaker peoples and nations.
2. ____________________ wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History in favor of constructing a modern US Navy to promote
America’s overseas interests.
3. Reverend Josiah Strong supported American expansionism based on ____________________ superiority and the
“____________________” burden, the beliefs that Europeans and Americans had an obligation to Christianize, civilize, and
modernize peoples and nations considered inferior.
4. Social ____________________, or “survival of the fittest,” supported American imperialism in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
5. The rapid growth of industry in the US contributed to expansionism by requiring more ____________________ for factories and
new ____________________ for manufactured goods.
6. The US purchase of ____________________ from Russia in 1867 was often criticized as “Seward’s ____________________.”
7. The island kingdom of ____________________ was annexed to the US in 1898 after American residents had overthrown the native
ruler and established an independent republic.
8. William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World were competing newspapers that engaged in
____________________ to exaggerate events of the Cuban rebellion in the 1890s?
9. ____________________ is extreme nationalism often involving military force.
10. The sinking of the USS ____________________ contributed to the US declaration of war against ____________________ in
1898.
11. Commodore George Dewey achieved an impressive victory over the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in the ____________________.
12. Future president ____________________ was considered a hero for his actions at the Battle of San Juan Hill.
13. The ____________________ Amendment guaranteed Cuban independence if the United States won its war against Spain.
14. The Treaty of Paris of 1898 ended the ____________________ War.
15. The ____________________ Amendment to the Cuban constitution effectively created an American protectorate over Cuba.
16. The____________________ League opposed the US annexation of the Philippines.
17. In the late 1800s, European nations and Japan had created “spheres of influence” in ____________________.
18. The ____________________Rebellion of 1900 was a failed uprising by young Chinese who opposed the influence of foreigners in
their country.
19. The ____________________ Notes 0f 1900-1901 were US foreign policy statements that attempted to preserve Chinese
independence and US trade with China.
20. President ____________________ used the African proverb "Speak softly and carry a big stick" to describe his foreign policy.
21. The Roosevelt Corollary to the ____________________ Doctrine extended US involvement in Latin America.
22. Under President ____________________ the US gained control of land from Panama to construct the ____________________.
23. President William H. Taft based his “____________________ diplomacy” on economic investment in Latin American countries.
24. President ____________________ based his “moral diplomacy” on the development of democracy in Latin American countries.
25. Gen. John J. Pershing led a US army into Mexico in 1916-1917 to capture the Mexican revolutionary ____________________.
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GOAL 7: PROGRESSIVE ERA (1901-1919)
1. The ____________________ Movement of the early 1900s was in response to illegal business practices, worker poverty, and social
injustice in the late 1890s.
2. ____________________ were writers of the late 1800s and early 1900s who drew attention to areas in society that needed reform.
3. Upton Sinclair exposed unsanitary conditions in the ____________________ industry in The Jungle.
4. Lincoln Steffens wrote about ____________________ in city government in The Shame of the Cities.
5. Jacob Riis photographed and described the problems of New York City’s ____________________ in How the Other Half Lives.
6. Ida Tarbell exposed the corrupt business practices used by John D. Rockefeller to create the ____________________ Company.
7. The ____________________ Gospel encouraged individuals and organizations to aid the urban poor based on the biblical teachings
of charity and justice.
8. Many local governments hired a city ____________________ to oversee the daily operations of city government.
9. The ____________________ allows citizens to place a measure for approval before the legislature. The ____________________
allows citizens to vote on measures proposed by the legislature. The ____________________ allows voters to remove unsatisfactory
elected officials from office.
10. The Sixteenth Amendment allowed the federal government to create an ____________________ tax.
11. The Seventeenth Amendment provide for the direct election of US ____________________ by voters.
12. The ____________________ Amendment prohibited the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol.
13. The Nineteenth Amendment granted ____________________ the right to vote nationwide.
14. ____________________ was the progressive governor of Wisconsin where many reforms earned his state the nickname
“laboratory of democracy.”
15. Because Theodore Roosevelt was the first president to prosecute monopolies successfully, he earned the nickname
“____________________.” His reform program was the ____________________ Deal.
16. Theodore Roosevelt distinguished between “____________________” trusts that needed to be prosecuted and dissolved and
“____________________” trusts that needed only to be regulated in the public interest.
17. The Jungle contributed to passage of the ____________________ Inspection Act.
18. The Pure ____________________ Act was the first law to require truthful labeling.
19. Despite some of his achievements, President William H. Taft disappointed ____________________ Republicans.
20. Theodore Roosevelt’s supporters formed the ____________________ Party or Bull-Moose Party in 1912. Roosevelt’s reform
program was New ____________________.
21. Woodrow Wilson’s reform program in 1912 was New ____________________.
22. The ____________________ System regulates the nation’s money supply and interest rates.
23. The ____________________ Antitrust Act of 1914 increased the federal government’s authority to prosecute monopolies.
24. ____________________ segregation is segregation by custom and tradition. ____________________ segregation is segregation
required and enforced by law.
25. ____________________ laws were passed by southern states in the late 1800s to segregate the races.
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26. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled in Plessey v. Ferguson that “____________________” was constitutional.
27. Booker T. Washington founded ____________________ Institute to educate southern blacks in agricultural and mechanical
professions. In his Atlanta ____________________ Speech of 1895, Washington urged blacks to postpone the fight for civil rights in
exchange for educational and vocational acceptance.
28. W.E.B. Du Bois favored ____________________ recognition of black’s civil rights, organized the Niagara Movement, and helped
create the ____________________ in 1909.
29. Ida B. Wells Barnett was a leader in the crusade against ____________________, or illegal hangings.
30. Southern states disenfranchised black voters with the ____________________ that required voters to read, the
____________________ that required the payment of special fee to vote, and the ____________________ that allowed a person to
vote only if his male ancestor had been able to vote in 1867.
31. By 1900, ____________________ was available for lighting in most cities and used in many factories to operate machinery.
32. Mail order ____________________ advertised the latest products and contributed to the development of a popular culture.
33. ____________________ revolutionized the automobile industry by introducing the assembly line.
34. The Wright brothers invented the ____________________.
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GOAL 8: WORLD WAR I (1914-1919)
1. ____________________is the buildup of large armies and navies in the late 1890s and early 1900s.
2. World War I began with the ____________________ of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by Serbian terrorists.
3. ____________________ gave Austria-Hungary a “blank check” guarantee of support against Serbia.
4. ____________________ were most responsible for several nations quickly entering the war in the summer of 1914.
5. In 1914, Great Britain, France, and Russia were the major ____________________. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire,
and Bulgaria were the ____________________ Powers.
6. ____________________ described the extensive network of fortified ditches and dugouts along the Western front. The area
between the lines was known as “____________________ land.”
7. The Germans first used ____________________ gas, and the British first used ____________________ against the barbed wire
and machine guns along the trenches. Both sides used ____________________ for aerial reconnaissance, combat, and bombing.
8. The official policy of the US government for three years was ____________________.
9. Germany used U-boats or ____________________ against Allied and neutral ships.
10. Many Americans were angry when a German submarine sank the British passenger ship ____________________ in 1915.
Germany claimed the ship was carrying ____________________, or war supplies banned on passenger ships.
11. President ____________________’s campaign slogan in 1916 was “He kept us out of war.”
12. The ____________________Telegram attempted to establish an alliance between ___________________ and Mexico.
13. Germany’s policy of unrestricted ____________________ warfare was the most convincing reason for the US to enter WWI.
Wilson also spoke of “making the world safe for ____________________” and “the war to end all ____________________.”
14. The ____________________ Act created the draft or conscription.
15. The US government raised taxes and sold ____________________ to finance participation in WWI.
16. The Committee on ____________________ produced posters and movies to increase support for the war effort in the US.
17. ____________________ headed the Food Administration during WWI.
18. ____________________ withdrew from WWI in late 1917 after the Bolsheviks overthrew the government.
19. The US used the ____________________ system to protect troop and merchant ships against attacks by U-boats.
20. ____________________ commanded the American Expeditionary Force sent to Europe during WWI. American troops were
known as ____________________.
21. An ____________________ ended the fighting in France on November 11, 1918.
22. Wilson’s idealism was illustrated in his calls for “peace with ____________________” and “peace without
____________________.”
23. Wilson’s peace plan, or ____________________, was rejected by other Allied leaders.
24. The Treaty of Versailles punished ____________________ severely by forcing it to accept the “____________________” clause,
or blame for the war, lose territories and colonies, demilitarize, and pay ____________________, or damages.
25. The US Senate refused to ____________________ the Treaty of Versailles because it might involve the use of US
____________________ in a future conflict to maintain world peace.
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26. The ____________________ Amendment resulted in part from the need to produce more food during WWI.
27. The ____________________ Amendment resulted in part from the contributions of women during WWI.
28. During the Great Migration (1915-1930), ____________________ moved from the South to escape severe discrimination and to
find employment in the North.
29. In 1919, the Supreme Court decision of Schenck v. United States declared constitutional the ____________________ Act of 1917.
30. Labor activists, socialists, and communists were most of the targets of the ____________________ Scare after WWI.
31. The ____________________ was an international organization formed at the end of WWI to maintain world peace.
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GOAL 9: TWENTIES AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION
1. Republican Warren G. Harding promised a “return to ____________________” in the 1920 presidential election.
2. The ____________________ scandal during the Harding administration involved the illegal transfer of federal oil reserves.
3. Republican Calvin Coolidge won the 1924 presidential election with the slogan “Keep ____________________ with Coolidge.”
4. Republican Herbert Hoover won the 1928 presidential election partly because Democrat Al Smith opposed Prohibition and his
religion was ____________________.
5. During the 1920s, US foreign policy was based on ____________________ regarding European and Asian activities.
6. The Washington Naval Conference limited the number of ____________________ constructed by the five major powers.
7. The ____________________ Plan enabled Germany to pay ____________________ to Britain and France who would repay the
____________________ for loans during WWI.
8. The Kellogg-Briand Pact outlawed ____________________ except in cases of self-defense.
9. The ____________________ grew in membership in the 1920s because of its opposition to African-Americans, immigrants,
Roman Catholics, and Jews.
10 The National Origins Act of 1924 placed ____________________ or limits on immigration.
11. The Sacco and Vanzetti case illustrated the bias of many Americans against ____________________ and political
____________________.
12. The Scopes trial revealed the conflict between science and fundamentalist ____________________.
13. Aimee Semple McPherson and Billy Sunday were popular ____________________ in the 1920s.
14. The____________________ Amendment was most responsible for bootlegging, speakeasies, and organized crime in the 1920s.
15. The ____________________ was the term for the new women of the 1920s who changed their appearance and engaged in social
behaviors very different than most women before WWI.
16. Most presidents during the 1920s followed an economic policy of ____________________, or limited government involvement.
17. The availability of ____________________ in many homes by the 1920s allowed consumers to have radios, vacuum cleaners, and
refrigerators.
18. ____________________ credit, the ____________________ plan, and ____________________ in magazines and newspapers
encouraged consumers to borrow money for automobiles and appliances.
19. The ____________________ industry, influenced largely by ____________________’s Model T, greatly affected prosperity in
the steel, oil, construction, service, and recreation industries.
20. The prices of major crops declined during the 1920s because of ____________________
21. In the 1920s, ____________________ was the popular music, and the jitterbug and Charleston were popular
____________________.
22. The ____________________ Renaissance was the recognition of ____________________ achievements in literature, music,
theater, and the visual arts.
23. Marcus Garvey promoted a “____________________ to Africa” movement in his United Negro Improvement Association.
24. Many writers of the 1920s were known as the Lost ____________________ because they opposed the preoccupation of many
Americans with materialism.
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25. F. Scott Fitzgerald used the term ____________________ to describe the 1920s.
26. The Jazz Singer was considered the first “____________________” because it provided synchronized sound and movement.
27. ____________________ allowed individuals across the country to enjoy jazz and professional sports during the 1920s.
28. ____________________ was the most popular baseball player because of his homeruns.
29. ____________________ became a hero when he flew solo nonstop across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.
30. Many Americans invested in the stock market and in real estate based on ____________________, or the chance of a quick profit
without considering risks.
31. Many investors in the stock market purchased stock on ____________________, paying only 10% and borrowing the remainder
from brokers.
32. In October 1929, stock prices dropped significantly which led to the stock market ____________________.
33. The “____________________” by depositors led many banks to fail.
34. When the Great Depression began, President ____________________ followed a slow, cautious approach in dealing with the
financial crisis.
35. As businesses failed, the unemployment rate ____________________ to 25% by 1933.
36. The Hawley-Smoot ____________________ of 1930 raised taxes to the highest level and contributed to the Great Depression.
37. Many homeless Americans lived in shantytowns known as ____________________.
38. ____________________ kitchens and bread ____________________ provided food for the unemployed and homeless.
39. In the 1930s, the Great Plains became known as the ____________________ because of droughts and agricultural methods that
destroyed the top soil.
40. The ____________________ Army March on Washington in 1932 included WWI veterans and their families who demanded an
immediate payment of money promised to be paid in 1945.
41. Franklin D. Roosevelt won the 1932 presidential election promising a “New ____________________ for the American people.”
42. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s radio broadcasts during the Great Depression were known as “____________________.”
43. ____________________ relief referred to the federal government’s system of giving payments or food to the poor.
44. The ____________________ Corps gave jobs to many unemployed single, young men to plant trees, build small dams, and
construct recreation projects.
45. The objective of the Agricultural Adjustment Act and other agricultural legislation of the New Deal was to
____________________ crop prices for farmers.
46. The Public ____________________ Administration and the____________________ Progress Administration were created to
provide employment in construction projects and an employment program for artists, writers, actors, and musicians.
47. The National Industrial Recovery Administration promoted ____________________ instead of competition among businesses in
the same industry.
48. The National ____________________ Relations Act, or Wagner Act, guaranteed the rights of workers to organize unions and to
bargain collectively.
49. The Fair ____________________ Standards Act established a minimum wage, maximum workweek, and prohibited child labor.
50. The Securities and Exchange Commission was created to regulate the ____________________.
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51. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation was created to protect individuals’ money in ____________________.
52. The Tennessee Valley Authority built ____________________ to control flooding, provide electricity, and create recreation areas
in the Southeast.
53. ____________________ Security provided financial assistance to the poor, handicapped, elderly, and unemployed.
54. President Roosevelt’s “____________________” scheme, his desire to increase the number of justices on the Supreme Court, was
controversial and failed to become law.
55. President Roosevelt’s wife, ____________________, was an advocate for African-Americans, women, the poor, and labor.
56. Secretary of Labor ____________________ was the first woman to serve in the cabinet.
57. Louisiana Senator ____________________ claimed that New Deal policies were inadequate and proposed a social program called
Share-Our-Wealth.
58. The ____________________ industry remained prosperous during the Great Depression because many people could temporarily
escape the worries and problems of everyday life.
59. ____________________ was a popular novel by Margaret Mitchell and Academy-Award winning movie that romanticized the
South and the Civil War.
60. John Steinbeck’s described the grim lives of Oklahomans fleeing the Dust Bowl during the Depression in his novel
____________________.
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GOAL 10: WORLD WAR II
1. Benito Mussolini was the Fascist leader (1922-1944) of ____________________.
2. ____________________ transformed the Soviet Union from a rural nation into an industrial power in the 1930s.
3. ____________________ was the Nazi leader (1933-1945) of Germany.
4. The US and many countries suffered an economic ____________________ during the 1930s.
5. During the 1920s and 1930s, US foreign policy was based on ____________________ regarding European and Asian activities.
6. Japanese militarist leaders waged war against ____________________ in the 1930s.
7. The US issued a ____________________ Act when Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935.
8. The US issued a ____________________ Act when civil war erupted in Spain.
9. ____________________ ignored the terms of the Treaty of Versailles by remilitarizing and reoccupying the Rhineland.
10. In 1938, ____________________ peacefully annexed German-speaking Austria.
11. The Munich Pact of 1938 allowed ____________________ to occupy the Sudetenland, the German-speaking region of
Czechoslovakia.
12. Britain and France followed a policy of ____________________ in dealing with Hitler.
13. The ____________________ of Nations was unable to prevent aggression during the 1930s.
14. Germany and the ____________________ signed a non-aggression pact in 1939.
15. WWII began when Germany invaded ____________________ and Britain and France declared war on Germany.
16. The official policy of the US government for two years was ____________________.
17. Germany used aircraft and tanks to overwhelm neighboring countries in a strategy called ____________________.
18. The Battle of ____________________ referred to the German bombing of British military sites and cities.
19. ____________________ was the prime minister of Great Britain during most of WWII.
20. ____________________ was President of the US during most of WWII.
21. The official policy of the US government for two years was ____________________.
22. The ____________________ Act provided US military supplies to Britain, China, and the Soviet Union.
23. Germany' used ____________________ to sink Allied and neutral ships in the Battle of the Atlantic.
24. The US entered WWII when ____________________ attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.
25. Gen. ____________________ vowed "I shall return" when forced to abandon the Philippines.
26. The Battle of Midway was a turning point in the war against ____________________.
27. The US used the strategy of “____________________” against the Japanese in the Pacific Ocean.
28. Meetings or ____________________ of Allied leaders determined the strategy of the war and laid plans for a post-war world.
29. WWII lifted the US economy from the ____________________ of the 1930s.
22
30. The Office of ____________________ Administration was created to control inflation and to coordinate ____________________
of certain items such as meat, sugar, coffee, gasoline, rubber, and shoes.
31. The US government raised taxes and sold ____________________ to finance participation in WWII.
32. African Americans again moved ____________________ to escape ____________________ in the South and to find
____________________ in war factories.
33. Most ____________________ who lived on the US West Coast were relocated to internment camps during the war.
34. The Supreme Court decision in ____________________ upheld the internment of Japanese-Americans.
35. WACs represented some of the 400,000 ____________________ who served in the US military during the war.
36. American forces first engaged the Germans in ____________________.
37. Stalingrad was the turning point of the war in the ____________________.
38. Gen. ____________________ was Supreme Commander of Allied forces in Western Europe.
39. The Allied invasion of ____________________ on June 6, 1944 was the best known D-Day.
40. Gen. ____________________ led the American Third Army to victory against the Germans in Western Europe.
41. The Battle of the ____________________ was Germany’s last offensive in Western Europe.
42. ____________________ became US president when Franklin D. Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.
43. ____________________ surrendered on V-E Day, or May 8, 1945.
44. Gen. ____________________ was Supreme Allied Commander in the South Pacific.
45. As the US moved closer to Japan, Japanese suicide pilots or ____________________ attacked US ships.
46. The US suffered heavy losses capturing the islands of Iwo Jima and ____________________ to use later as airbases to bomb
Japan.
47. The ____________________ Project was the US secret development of the atomic bomb.
48. To end the war with Japan, the US dropped ____________________ on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
49. Six million Jews and six millions other “undesirables” were murdered during the ____________________.
50. ____________________ war criminals were the defendants at the Nuremberg trials.
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GOALS 10 AND 11: COLD WAR AND FIFTIES
1. The ____________________ was an international organization formed at the end of WWII to maintain world peace. The
____________________ is the agency in the UN most responsible for maintaining world peace.
2. The ____________________ War referred to the tensions between the US and the USSR and their allies from 1945 to 1991.
3. After WWII, the communist countries of Eastern Europe became ____________________ nations under the domination of the
Soviet Union.
4. Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill used the term ____________________ to refer to the division of Europe into a
democratic West and a communist East.
5. The US adopted a policy of ____________________ to prevent the spread of communism during the Cold War.
6. The ____________________ Doctrine provided US assistance to Greece and Turkey to prevent communist takeover in those
countries.
7. The ____________________ Plan helped rebuild the European economies devastated during WWII.
8. The US and Britain responded with an ____________________ to oppose the Soviet blockade of access to West Berlin.
9. ____________________ was the military alliance formed in 1949 by the US, Canada, and Western Europe to oppose the threat of
communism in Europe. The Soviet Union and its satellite nations responded with the ____________________ Pact in 1955.
10. Communists under Mao Zedong won the civil war in ____________________.
11. ____________________ was created in 1948 as a homeland for Jews.
12. The Department of ____________________ was created in 1947 to combine the US military forces under one command.
13. The ____________________ Agency was created in 1947 to conduct the US espionage activities.
14. President Harry Truman referred to the conflict in ____________________ as a “police action” by the UN and the US.
15. WWII hero Gen. ____________________ was the commander of US and UN forces in Korea until dismissed by President
Truman for insubordination.
16. The Korean War ended in 1953 with a cease-fire or ____________________ and the division of Korea into a communist North
and democratic South.
17. After the Soviet Union developed an atomic bomb, the US began development of the ____________________ bomb.
18. President Dwight D. Eisenhower believed in the ____________________ theory, the idea that if a nation became communist
surrounding nations would also fall to communism.
19. The Geneva Accords of 1954 divided Vietnam into communist ____________________ under Ho Chi Minh and noncommunist
____________________ supported by the US. Communist guerillas, the ____________________, opposed the South Vietnamese
government.
20. The Eisenhower Doctrine intended to assist governments threatened by communist takeover in the ____________________.
21. ____________________ were long-range rockets capable of carrying nuclear warheads.
22. The Eisenhower Administration was embarrassed in 1960 when the ____________________ shot down a U-2 spy plane.
23. The US broke diplomatic relations with ____________________ when Fidel Castro declared his intent to create a communist
government.
24. For protection against a nuclear attack during the 1950s, students practiced “____________________” drills and many Americans
built ____________________.
24
25. Suspected ____________________ were the subjects of investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee and
Senator Joseph McCarthy in the early 1950s.
26. Several Hollywood actors and directors in the 1950s were unable to work because they were ____________________.
27. Many southern whites split from the Democratic Party in the 1948 presidential election over the issue of ____________________
and formed the States’ Rights (____________________) Party. Despite a three-split in the Democratic Party and the expectation of
Republican Thomas Dewey to win, ____________________ won the election.
28. Republican WWII hero Gen. ____________________ was president during most of the 1950s.
29. The ____________________ Act of 1947 outlawed the union shop and limited the political influence of unions.
30. The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act or ____________________ of 1944 provided educational and financial assistance to WWII
veterans.
31. After WWII, the ____________________ became the major means of transportation. The ____________________ Act of 1956
created a network of multi-lane highways economic, recreational, and military purposes.
32. After WWII, many Americans moved from inner cities to the ____________________, some of which were called Levitttowns
and known for their “cookie-cutter” houses.
33. Between 1946 and 1963, the US population increased quickly because of the ____________________.
34. After WWII, mass media promoted the role of ____________________ for American women.
35. After WWII, ____________________ described the preoccupation of purchasing material goods that illustrated the economic
success of many Americans.
36. The National Defense Education Act of 1958 was passed in response to the ____________________ launching Sputnik.
37. NASA supervises the US ____________________ program.
38. After WWII, ____________________ survived because of young people listening to "rock n’roll” in their automobiles.
39. I Love Lucy was the most popular ____________________ show in the 1950s.
40. ____________________ was referred to as the “King of Rock n’Roll.”
41. The ____________________ represented the counterculture that opposed the materialism and conformity of the 1950s.
42. ____________________ was the first African American to play Major League baseball.
43. Using executive authority as commander-in-chief, President Truman ordered racial desegregation in the ____________________.
44. The Supreme Court decision ____________________ declared racial segregation illegal in the public schools.
45. ____________________ protested racial segregation in Montgomery, Alabama when she refused to move from her seat on a
public bus.
46. Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. believed in peaceful actions or “____________________” to oppose racial discrimination and to
promote civil rights.
47. President Eisenhower sent federal troops to ____________________, Arkansas to protect nine black students attending an allwhite high school.
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GOALS 10, 11, 12: SIXTIES, SEVENTIES
1. A ____________________ debate helped Democrat John F. Kennedy defeat Republican Richard Nixon in 1960. Kennedy’s
domestic program was called the New ____________________.
2. In 1961, Cuban exiles returned to Cuba to overthrow Fidel Castro but were defeated at the ____________________.
3. In 1962, East Germany and the Soviet Union constructed the ____________________ to prevent East Germans from fleeing to
democratic West Berlin.
4. The 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis began when US spy planes detected Soviet ____________________ missiles in Cuba. The US
responded with a “____________________” around Cuba. The crisis ended when the Soviet Union agreed to remove its missiles and
the US agreed not to invade ____________________.
5. The Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1963 prohibited the testing of ____________________ weapons in the atmosphere.
6. The ____________________ sent mostly young American volunteer teachers and technicians to developing countries in Latin
America, Africa, and Asia to offset communist influence.
7. President Kennedy was ____________________ on November 22, 1963. Vice-President ____________________ succeeded
Kennedy.
8. President Johnson’s domestic program was known as the ____________________ Society.
9. ____________________ helps preschool children in low-income families prepare for success in school.
10. Medicare and Medicaid provide ____________________ insurance for the elderly and the poor.
11. To protest racial discrimination in public accommodations, such as lunch counters, many African Americans staged
____________________, or refused to leave until served.
12. Many African Americans and whites became ____________________ Riders to protest racial discrimination in interstate busing
in the South.
13. Alabama Gov. ____________________ proclaimed “Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever.”
14. ____________________ delivered his famous “I have a dream” speech at the Lincoln Memorial in 1963.
15. Discrimination in public accommodations and employment was made illegal by the ____________________ Act of 1964.
16. The ____________________ Act of 1965 enable federal officials to register eligible voters in the South.
17. Malcolm X was a popular speaker of the Black ____________________.
18. Stokely Carmichael was an activist best associated with ____________________ Power.
19. The ____________________ Panthers were a radical African American organization that rejected Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s
civil disobedience and promoted the use of violence to achieve racial equality.
20. ____________________ was the first African American appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
21. Under Chief Justice ____________________, the Supreme Court required the “____________________” rule regarding election
districts, protected the rights of the ____________________ in Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright, Escobedo v. Illinois, Miranda v.
Arizona, and supported the separation of ____________________ regarding school prayer.
22. The ____________________ Resolution allowed President Johnson to increase US involvement in Vietnam.
23. Operation ____________________ was a massive US bombing campaign against North Vietnam in 1965. The US used
____________________ to defoliate the Vietnamese jungle to expose supply routes of the Ho Chi Mink Trail.
24. Gen. ____________________ commanded American forces in Vietnam during most of the Vietnam War.
26
25. The ____________________ Offensive of 1968 convinced many Americans that the Vietnam War was not winnable.
26. Republican ____________________ was elected president in the three-way race of 1968.
27. President Nixon’s policy of ____________________ intended to train and equip the South Vietnamese Army to be able to win the
war and to gradually withdraw American forces.
28. Antiwar protests increased in 1970 when US forces invaded ____________________. National Guard troops killed four
protesting students at ____________________ University in Ohio.
29. The ____________________ Papers revealed the extent of American involvement (sometimes secret) in Southeast Asia since the
1940s.
30. The ____________________ Peace Accords ended American involvement in Vietnam in 1973. American
____________________ held by North Vietnam were returned to the US. In 1975, ____________________ Vietnam defeated
____________________ Vietnam and created a unified communist nation.
31. The ____________________ Act of 1973 limited the president’s ability to use US military forces.
32. President Nixon was responsible for opening diplomatic relations with communist ____________________ in 1972.
33. President Nixon followed a policy of ____________________ toward the Soviet Union and China. President Nixon signed the
____________________ agreement that limited nuclear weapons possessed by the US and the Soviet Union.
34. President Nixon’s policy of New____________________ intended to reduce the size and power of the federal government.
35. President Nixon’s Southern Strategy intended to bring disgruntled southern ____________________ into the Republican Party.
36. US support for ____________________ during the Yom Kippur War of 1973 and the oil embargo by____________________
contributed to an oil shortage in the US.
37. ____________________ was an economic situation in the 1970s characterized by stagnant economic growth and inflation.
38. President Nixon resigned in 1974 because of the ____________________ scandal. Vice-President ____________________
succeeded Nixon.
39. President Ford improved relations between nations in Western and Eastern Europe through the ____________________ Accords.
40. The US celebrated its ____________________, or 200 th birthday, in 1976.
41. Democrat ____________________ defeated Republican Gerald Ford in the 1976 presidential election.
42. President Carter issued an unconditional____________________ to all Vietnam War draft evaders in 1977.
43. President Carter succeeded in bringing peace between Egypt and ____________________ in the Camp David Accords.
44. President Carter’s foreign policy was best associated with “____________________ rights.”
45. President Carter signed a treaty returning control of the ____________________ to Panama by 1999.
46. Because the US supported the Shah of Iran, Iranian revolutionaries seized 52 Americans and held most of them
____________________ until 1981.
47. The Supreme Court decision in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education ruled that forced ____________________
was a constitutional means to enforce public school desegregation.
48. The Supreme Court decision in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke partially declared ____________________ action
to be unconstitutional.
49. Betty Friedan’s book ____________________ contributed to the development of the modern feminist movement.
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50. The ____________________ Amendment, supported by feminists, failed to become a part of the United States Constitution.
51. Title IX legislation passed in 1972 prohibited ____________________ discrimination in schools and universities that receive
federal funding.
52. The Supreme Court decision in ____________________ overturned most state restrictions regarding abortion.
53. César Chavez helped organize the United Farm Workers, who were mostly migrant ____________________ American workers
on California farms, vineyards, and orchards.
54. The ____________________ Movement was founded to promote the concerns of Native Americans.
55. The ____________________ were a rock n’roll band that launched the British Invasion when they arrived in the US in 1964.
56. ____________________ was a large rock music concert in New York in 1969.
57. The Haight-Ashbury community in San Francisco was the center of the youth or ____________________ movement in the 1960s
and 1970s.
58. The____________________ Amendment extended the right to vote to citizens eighteen years old or older.
59. Rachel Carson’s book ____________________ contributed greatly to the beginning of the environmental movement.
60. Because of environmental concerns, Congress passed the ____________________ Air Act and the ____________________ Water
Act and created the ____________________ Protection Agency to enforce pollution standards.
61. Events at Love Canal revealed concerns about ____________________ waste and at Three Mile Island revealed concerns about
____________________ energy.
62. ____________________ was the first American in space. ____________________ was the first American to orbit the earth.
____________________ was the first person to walk on the moon.
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GOALS 11, 12: EIGHTIES AND BEYOND
1. Republican Ronald Reagan was first elected president in 1980 with the support of the New ____________________ and the
Moral ____________________.
2. ____________________ was the first female appointed to the United States Supreme Court.
3. Reaganomics was best associated with ____________________-side or “____________________-down” economics.
4. President Reagan supported ____________________, the reduction or removal of government restrictions in oil, banking, cable
television, and airline industries.
5. In 1984, Democrat ____________________ became the first woman to be nominated for vice-president by a major party.
6. President Reagan believed that the ____________________ was an “evil empire” that could not be trusted and therefore pursued a
massive build up of US military forces.
7. President Reagan’s proposal to develop weapons that could intercept and destroy incoming nuclear weapons was the Strategic
Defense Initiative or “____________________ Wars.”
8. When President Reagan visited Berlin, he urged the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down this ____________________.”
9. In 1987, the US and the ____________________ signed the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, to reduce the number
of nuclear weapons.
10. The ____________________ Doctrine proposed US support for guerrilla groups fighting to overthrow communist or pro-Soviet
governments.
11. Secretly supplying rebels to overthrow the communist government in____________________ was part of the Reagan
administration’s scandal known as the ____________________ Affair.
12. Besides warfare, ____________________ has been a major cause of suffering and death for many civilians in Ethiopia and
Somalia since the 1980s.
13. Republican Vice-President ____________________ easily won the 1988 presidential election with the campaign promise “Read
my lips: ____________________.”
14. A 1989 student-led demonstration for democracy was crushed by the Chinese army at ____________________ in Beijing.
15. Gorbachev’s economic reform perestroika and political reform glasnost in the ____________________ led other nations in
Eastern Europe to overthrow ____________________. In 1989, the ____________________ was torn down in Germany.
16. The collapse of communism in the ____________________ in 1991 most decisively brought an end to the Cold War.
17. After the Cold War, President George H.W. Bush spoke of a “new ____________________ order.”
18. The US invaded ____________________ in 1989 to remove the dictator/drug trafficker Gen. Manuel Noriega.
19. Operation Desert Storm in 1991 was the US-led coalition to liberate ____________________ from an earlier invasion by
____________________ under Saddam Hussein.
20. The ____________________ was the primary issue in the 1992 presidential election when Bill Clinton defeated President George
H.W. Bush and Ross Perot.
21. Bill Clinton used the term “____________________” to describe his political philosophy that blended traditional Democratic
policies of health care and welfare with Republican policies of cutting taxes and reducing government spending.
22. ____________________ was an agreement in 1993 ending most trade barriers among the US, Canada, and Mexico.
23. The US sent military forces in the 1990s to join NATO peacekeepers to prevent “ethnic cleansing” in ____________________.
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24. Republicans pledged to pass the ____________________ when they won control of both houses of Congress in the 1994 election.
25. President ____________________was impeached for his involvement in the Monica Lewinsky scandal.
26. ____________________ was elected president in 2000 after a ruling from the Supreme Court determined the winner in Florida.
27. The terrorist network ____________________, led by ____________________, was responsible for the attack on the US on
September 11, 2001.
28. A direct result of terrorist attacks on 9/11 was the ____________________ Act that provided law enforcement agencies with
greater authority to locate and arrest terrorist suspects.
29. The cabinet Department of ____________________ was added as a result of 9/11.
30. A US-led coalition attacked____________________ in 2001 for supporting the terrorists responsible for 9/11.
31. The US attacked ____________________ in 2003 because intelligence sources indicated the nation possessed WMDs (weapons of
mass destruction).
32. ____________________ strike is the foreign policy concept based upon attacking terrorists or nations supporting terrorism before
they can attack the US.
33. President George W. Bush considered Iraq, Iran, and North Korea to be an “axis of ____________________” because he believed
they could develop enriched uranium that could be used in nuclear weapons.
34. ____________________ was a sexually-transmitted illness first diagnosed in the 1980s.
35. The Americans with ____________________ Act of 1990 banned discrimination against persons with disabilities in employment,
transportation, public education, and telecommunications.
36. Better ____________________ care was the primary cause of the aging of the US population at the end of the 20 th century.
37. In the 1980s, the US began using the space ____________________ to travel in orbit around the earth. In 1986,
____________________ exploded shortly after liftoff.
38. The center of American computer research and development is in ____________________, California.
39. Identify ____________________ is a negative aspect of the widespread usage of the Internet.
40. In the 1980s, many young urban professionals, or “____________________,” became wealthy by investing in real estate and
stocks. ____________________ became a new means for measuring the stock market.
41. ____________________ is the idea that the world was becoming increasingly interconnected through information and trade.
42. The green movement refers to recent attempts by American citizens to improve the ____________________.
43. The ____________________ of the US, from North Carolina to California, grew in population since the late 1970s because of
migration from both the North and Latin America.
44. ____________________ have been the largest ethnic group entering the US since 1960.
45. Immigration, especially from Latin America, increased the need for ____________________ education, or teaching children in
their native language.
46. The ____________________ Act of 2001 required annual standardized testing in public schools.
47. The Supreme Court’s decision Texas v. Johnson in 1989 overturned state laws banning ____________________ burning.
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