LEADERSHIP STYLES TOTALITARIANISM CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES TOTALITARIANISM CHARACTERISTICS -absolute control by a political party WHEN EFFECTIVE -when a goal must be accomplished by a set time -a theory or system where -when all citizens / all economic activity is members agree to the controlled by a political policies set by the leaders party -if leaders abide by the same rules set for their -leadership by a dictator citizens who has complete power. They are usually aggressive and or racist WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -if citizens / members do not agree to the rules or policies -if leaders do not follow the same rules as expected by their citizens / members -if there is no time limit for a goal -countries belonging to the former Soviet Union, China, Cuba, North Korea -Germany in the 1930’s-40’s AUTOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES AUTOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -tells others what to do -limits discussion on ideas -can be elected into power and is a less extreme form of totalitarianism -time is limited in decision making -individuals/ group lack still and knowledge -group members / citizens do not get along or are unable to co-operate -developing a strong sense of team is a goal -group members or citizens have some degree of skill /knowledge -developing a strong sense of team is a goal -group members or citizens have some degree of skill /knowledge -decisions are made by a king or queen (monarch) DEMOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES DEMOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -decisions are made by the majority -high degree of skill and motivation among group members -a sense of team exists -routines are familiar to participants -low sense of team /interdependence -members have low degree of skill / knowledge -group expects what to be told what to do -Canada, U.S -power rests in the body of citizens and the head of government is not a king or queen (monarch) LAISSEZ-FAIRE CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES LAISSEZ-FAIRE CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -no group leader or recognized system of government -time is available -group is motivated and /or a sense of team exists -members of the group have some degree of skill/knowledge -group is unmotivated -members have little skill or knowledge -high degree of conflict is present -Somalia -a state of social disorder due to lack of government *Often results in Anarchy THEOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES THEOCRATIC CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -leadership by the religion -if all members possess the same understanding of the religion -values / morals and ethics are the same for all members involved -if religious rules and -Ayatollah Khomeini of regulations are interpreted Iran (1979-1989) differently among citizens / members -if values / morals and ethics are different for citizens / members ARISTOCRACY CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES ARISTOCRACY CHARACTERISTICS WHEN EFFECTIVE WHEN INEFFECTIVE EXAMPLES -decisions made by those who are considered to be superior through wealth or education - when the aristocracy is interested in the welfare of the people - when the aristocracy becomes self interested in maintaining the “status quo” - France - Estates System