By:
Keeley Coleman, Alexis Brown,
Kyle Chapman, Jenna Verrone,
Andrew Patrick and Megan Hill
3rd period 12/1/10
 Militant
political
movement that
emphasized loyalty to
state and obedience to
leader
 No clear defined theory
or program
 Extreme form of
nationalism
 Nations must struggle,
peaceful states would
be conquered
 Authoritarian leader
guided and brought
order to state
 Had
certain color
uniforms, special
salutes, held mass
rallies
 Denied individual
rights
 Nationalists
 Believed each class in
society had a place
and function
 Fascists included:
aristocrats and
industrialists, war
vets, low middle class





Benito Amilcare Andrea
Mussolini a newspaper
editor and politican
promised to rescue
Italy.
He vowed to give Italy
strong leadership.
Mussolini founded the
Fascist Party in 1919.
His popularity increased
as economic conditions
worsened.
Mussolini finally critized
Italy’s government.





Fascist groups wearing
black shirts attacked
communists and socialists
on the streets.
Mussolini began to win
support from the middle
class, because he played
the fear of workers revolt.
30,000 Fascists marched in
Rome and demanded that
King Victor Emmanuel III
put Mussolini in charge of
government.
Mussolini took power
“legally”.
Mussolini was now II Duce
or the leader.
Mussolini abolished
democracy.
 He outlawed all
political parties
except the Fascists.
 Secret police jailed
his opponents.
 Government censors
forced radio stations
to broadcast only
Fascist doctrines.
 Mussolini sought to
control the economy


Mussolini came to power by promising to
revive the economy and build the nation’s
armed forces

Once in power he created the secret police
and restricted the people in almost all
areas.

The secret police were know as “the Black
Shirts.”

They were recruited at an early age, of
only boys.

Boys ages 4-8 in the Black shirts were
known as the Sons of the She wolf

8-14, they were the Balilla and at

14-18 they were the Avanguardista.

Mussolini was cruel in his strategies and had
the nation’s population and power in mind,
not the people.

All Italians had to obey all of
Mussolini’s orders

People had little control over
society

Those who opposed the state
were brutally punished

Secret Police were strict and
carried out all of Mussolini’s
wishes

Education was important and the
boys were taught to become
part of the secret police at an
early age

Personal life was very restricted

Women’s only role was to get
married and have as many
children as possible
Fascist believed that
nations must struggle.
 peaceful nations
were doomed to be
conquered.
 Things that led to
fascism in Italy:

Fascism’s rise in
Italy was fueled by
the disappointment
over failing to gain
big territory at the
1919 Paris Peace

Conference.

Rising inflation and
unemployment
 Their
democratic
government
seemed unable to
solve country’s
problems.
 In
1940–41
Mussolini's armies,
badly supplied and
poorly led,
suffered defeats
from Europe across
the Mediterranean
to the African
continent.
 Italy lost its war in
1942; Mussolini's
power collapsed
six months later.
 Restored
as Hitler's
puppet in northern
Italy in 1943, he
drove Italy deeper
into invasion,
occupation, and
civil war during
1944 and 1945.
 The end
approached,
Mussolini struggled
to survive.
 Executed by a
firing squad, April
28, 1945, Dongo in
Como province.
Italy’s role in WWII
 Mussolini
(Italy)
became allies w/
Hitler
 Did not do good in
war
 Got rid of Mussolini
 Withdrew from
alliance w/
Germany
 Signed armistice
w/ allies
Italy’s role in WWII continued
 Germany
seized
control of Italy and
took supplies
 Allies slowly
pushed Germany
out of Italy in
Italian campaign.
 Viewed as a weak
country
 Due to poor
equipment and
ineffective
political
leadership
Impact of WWII on Italy
Nearly four million
Italians served in the
Italian Army during
the Second World War
and nearly half a
million Italians
(including civilians)
died between June
1940 and May 1945..
 Nearly 60,000 Italian
POWs died in Nazi
labour camps, while
nearly 20,000
perished in Allied
Prisoner of War.

Impact of WWII on Italy continued
Italy was required to
pay $360,000,000,
shared chiefly
between Greece,
Yugoslavia, and the
Soviet Union
 Italy lost all of their
colonies
 Industry and
infrastructure had to
be rebuilt over years.
 Completely rid Italy
of ideas of becoming
a major power.

 The
country was
impoverished.
Personal Life was…
A. Free
B. Restricted
C. Private
2. Fascism…
A. Denied individual rights
B. Respected individual rights
C. All rights were equal
3. What was Benito’s full name ?
A. Benito Massalini
B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini
C. Benito Care
1.
1.
 Multiple
choice:
1. B. Restricted
2. A. Denied individual rights
3. B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini
 Short
answer: