America in the World
Group Question
• Are drones a security or a threat to our society?
– In your groups, use the question on the poster to
ask MORE questions. For instance, you can write
down “What is a drone?”
– Switch groups. Compare their questions to yours.
What are the similarities and differences? Continue
brainstorming by writing MORE questions on this
group’s poster.
Class Discussion
• What are some examples from each group?
• Further questions:
– How should the U.S. balance priorities at home with
national interests abroad?
– What should be our relationship with the
international community?
– When is the use of force justified?
– How does the world work? Do international affairs
revolve around a contest between good and evil in
which our foreign policy decisions should be seen as
moral choices?
Unit: America in the World
• What will we learn?
– Global context in which America began and
developed
– Influence of America on the world today
– A story of competition between peoples,
territories, and resources
– How military actions have affected the world and
society
Historical Periods
EQ: Under what conditions is the use of power regarded as
legitimate or illegitimate, lawful or unlawful, right or wrong?
– Period 1: Three Societies on the Verge of Change
– Period 2: Contact and Settlement
– Period 3: Securing the New Nation
– Period 4: Baby America (Waa!)
– Period 5: The Civil War and Reunion (Sheesh, teenagers!)
– Period 6: An Age of Industry
– Period 7: The U.S. Looks Overseas
– Period 8: Crisis in Domestic and Foreign Policies
– Period 9: Moving Toward the Future (Are we there yet?!)
Period 1 (1491-1607)
Three Societies on the Verge of Change
CRASH COURSE!!!!
Period 1 (1491-1607)
Three Societies on the Verge of Change
• North America before contact with Europeans
• And then…
• Is if fair to judge explorers based on present-day
values?
• Vocab word: presentism
• Effects
– Contact in the Americas with the peoples of Europe
and later, West Africans (slaves), helped create a “New
World.”
– Columbian Exchange
• p. 22 in your textbook
• Millions of native peoples died
• Spain would become one of the world’s wealthiest nations.
Why?
– At first, they brought 4,000 Africans to the Caribbean Islands as
slaves. By mid 1500s, they were shipping about 2,000 enslaved
Africans to Hispaniola each year!
• Effects
– International Competition
• Everyone was jealous of Spain’s awesomeness!
– Countries like France and Great Britain decided they deserved
a piece of the pie
» Cabot: explored Newfoundland (Canada) and Chesapeake
(1498). But his boat mysteriously disappeared.
» Cabot’s voyages encouraged France and Holland to
finance explorations for the “Northwest Passage.”
• So who cares? What’s the point?
– Europeans competed for trade routes and for
control of lands in North America. They staked
claims there for the first time. This is the
beginning of our nation’s history!
DQ: Was colonialism “morally right?”
Homework
• Historical Timeline
– You will need textbook Chapters 1, Sections 1-5.
– While your timeline is not due tomorrow, you will
need to know the information for tomorrow’s
lesson. I will be “checking” it off.
Period 1 (1491-1607)
Three Societies on the Verge of Change
CRASH COURSE continued!!!!
The “New World”
• DANGER AT SEA
– When Europeans first
voyaged across the
Atlantic, they had no
idea what they would
find
• Tales of oceans filled with
dragons
• Violent storms
• Getting lost
• Piracy & starvation
The “New World”
• New Navigational Tools
– Made these dangers less
likely
• Sextant
How might these new
navigational tools help
drive international trade
between Europe and the
Americas?
Exploration of
the Americas
• Causes?
– Europeans search for trade routes
to Asia
– International competition (build
empires, gain wealth)
– Hope of riches and glory
– Europeans want to convert native
to Christianity
• Effects?
– Columbian Exchange
• Advantages/disadvantages for
natives?
• Advantages/disadvantages for
Europeans?
• Spain becomes the wealthiest
empire in the world. Let’s take a
look…
Colonizing Spanish America
• Encomiendas
– How were natives treated
under this system?
• Spanish empire needed
natives for labor, so the
Spanish government gave
settlers huge tracts of land to
start mines, ranches, and
plantations, and the right to
demand labor and taxes from
the Native Americans.
• Natives were forced to work
in gold and silver mines
• Many died when the tunnels
caved in
Colonizing Spanish America
• Religious Conversions
– Spanish believed they had a
duty to convert Native
Americans to Christianity
• Spanish set up missions (religious
settlements) run by Catholic
priests
• Present-day San Francisco, San
Diego, San Antonio
Colonizing Spanish America
• Trade in Humans (p. 114 of
Prentice Hall)
– Death toll for native
labors begins to rise and
the Spanish look across
the Atlantic for new
sources of labor
• Spanish (and Portuguese)
were the first to bring
slaves to the Americas
– 1517, brought 4,000
Africans to the
Caribbean
– Mid 1500s, shipping
about 2,000 African
slaves each year to
Hispaniola alone (we
will explore the
growing slave trade
later)
•
Colonizing Spanish America
Society in the Spanish Colonies
–
–
A rigid social system based on birthplace and ethnic
group developed
This rigid system allowed Spain to keep control of the
Americas for nearly 300 years!
Peninsulares – At the top
Spanish colonists who were born in Spain (almost all
government officials came from this class)
Creoles
Colonists born in the Americas of two Spanish parents (many
wealthy plantation owners and merchants)
Mestizos
People of Spanish and Indian heritage
(could achieve economic success as ranchers, farmers, or
merchants but it was impossible for them to become “upper
class.”)
Mulattos
People of Spanish and African heritage
Native Americans and Africans at very bottom of the social
ladder
So who cares? What’s the point?
Spanish exploration and conquest of the
Americas led to racially mixed populations and a
class system defined by an intermixture among
Spanish settlers, Africans, and Native Americans.
It’s the beginning of our story as a diverse
nation, with a complicated history.
The Middle Passage
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvhKeJ6m3rY