Unit 6 Reading Guide
Chapter 12 and 13
12.1 – DNA: The Genetic Material
I.
DNA Structure
1.
List the 2 nucleic acids that are found in living cells.
2.
What are nucleotides made of?
a. List the nucleotide structure of DNA.
b. List the nucleotide structure of RNA.
Complete the table. List the all nitrogenous bases for each of the nucleic acids.
DNA
Nitrogen base
II.
Letter
3.
What is Chargaff’s rule?
4.
What is the shape of DNA?
RNA
Nitrogen base
Letter
Semiconservative Replication
1.
Define Semiconservative replication:
2.
A always binds with ______________
C always binds with ____________
3.
Complete the second strand of DNA by filling in the complementary nitrogen bases:
A T G C C A G G T T A A G C G C C A T A C G AT A C G G G A C CT A
____________________________________________________________________________
12.3 – DNA, RNA, Protein
I.
Central Dogma
1. RNA
a. What is the shape of RNA?
b. Instead of thymine, what nitrogen base does RNA contain?
c. List the 3 types of RNA and their function.
2. Transcription
a. Define Transcription:
b. DNA code is transferred to ____________ in the _______________.
Steps of Transcription
1. The DNA is _____________ in the nucleus and _____ __________________, binds to a
specific section where mRNA will be synthesized.
2. As the DNA strand unwinds, the _________ ________________________initiates
_____________ synthesis and moves along one of the DNA strands.
3. __________ is incorporated instead of thymine as the ________________ is made.
4. The new ________________ then moves out of the __________________ through the
nuclear pores into the _______________________.
II.
The Code
How many different types of amino acids are in living systems?
Define codon:
Codon AUG codes for what amino acid? What is the purpose of this codon?
1. Translation
a. Define translation:
b. What are anticodons:
c. What is synthesized by translation?
12.4 – Gene regulation and Mutation
I.
Mutation
1. Define Mutation:
List the six types of mutations from Table 12.3
2. Define mutagen:
3. What two things that can damage DNA?
13.2 – DNA Technology
I. Genetic Engineering
1. Define Genetic Engineering:
2. Give an example of genetic engineering (from pg 363).
II. Biotechnology
1. What are transgenic organisms?
2. Give examples of transgenic animals.
3. Give examples of transgenic plants.
4. Give examples of transgenic bacteria.