Performance Based
Communications and
Surveillance (PBCS)
An introduction
PBCS Workshop
Bangkok, Thailand, 13-14 May, 2013
APANPIRG/23 – September 2012 Conclusions (1)
APANPIRG/23 – September 2012 Conclusions (2)
ATM – More Dependency on Comm. and Surv.
A Performance Based Approach
•
Doc 9883 Manual on Global Performance of the Air Navigation System
– Notion of a performance based air navigation system emanated from
industry practices that have evolved for many years outside of aviation.
– Based on following principles:
• Strong focus on desired/required results through adoption of
performance objectives and targets
• Informed decision making, driven by the desired/required results; and
• Reliance on facts and data for decision making.
– Assessment is periodically checked through performance review, which
requires adequate performance measurement and data collection
capabilities.
– Performance based approach is a pragmatic tool in
• Planning changes
• Developing changes
• Optimising the System (Continuous Performance Improvement)
ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan and ATM Concept
Communication Navigation Surveillance AirTraffic Management
PBC
PBN
PBS
Performance Based Communication
Performance Based Surveillance
Performance Based Navigation
PBN – current definition Annex 6 & 11
• Performance-based navigation (PBN).
– Area navigation based on performance requirements
for aircraft operating along an ATS route, on an
instrument approach procedure or in a designated
airspace.
Note.— Performance requirements are expressed in
navigation specifications (RNAV specification, RNP
specification) in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity,
availability and functionality needed for the proposed
operation in the context of a particular airspace concept.
PBC - ICAO OPLINKP amend Annex 6, 11?
• Performance-based communication (PBC).
– ATS communication services and capability based on
performance requirements for air traffic service
provision, aircraft and flight operations along an ATS
route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a
designated airspace.
Note.— Communication performance requirements are
allocated to system components in an RCP specification in
terms of communication transaction time, continuity,
availability, integrity, safety and functionality needed for
the proposed operation in the context of a particular
airspace
PBS - ICAO OPLINKP amend Annex 6,11?
• Performance-based surveillance (PBS).
– ATS surveillance services and capability based on
performance requirements for air traffic service
provision, aircraft and flight operations along an ATS
route, on an instrument approach procedure or in a
designated airspace.
Note.— Surveillance performance requirements are
allocated to system components in an RSP specification in
terms of surveillance data delivery time, continuity,
availability, integrity, accuracy of the surveillance data,
safety and functionality needed for the proposed operation
in the context of a particular airspace concept.
RNP - ICAO
• Navigation specification. A set of aircraft and flight crew
requirements needed to support performance-based navigation
operations within a defined airspace. There are two kinds of
navigation specifications:
– Required navigation performance (RNP) specification. A
navigation specification based on area navigation that
includes the requirement for performance monitoring and
alerting, designated by the prefix RNP, e.g. RNP 4, RNP
APCH.
– Area navigation (RNAV) specification. A navigation
specification based on area navigation that does not include
the requirement for performance monitoring and alerting,
designated by the prefix RNAV, e.g. RNAV 5, RNAV 1.
RCP - ICAO OPLINKP amend Annex 6, 11?
• Required communication performance (RCP) specification.
– A set of requirements for air traffic service provision, aircraft
capability, and operations needed to support performancebased communication within a defined airspace.
Note: The term RCP, has been revised to align the concept of
PBC with the concept of PBN. The term RCP is now used in the
context of a specification that is applicable to the prescription
of airspace requirements, qualification of ATS provision,
aircraft capability, and operational use, including postimplementation monitoring (e.g. RCP 240 refers to the criteria
for various components of the operational system to ensure an
acceptable intervention capability for the controller is
maintained).
RSP - ICAO OPLINKP amend Annex 6, 11?
• Required surveillance performance (RSP) specification.
– A set of requirements for air traffic service provision,
aircraft capability, and operations needed to support
performance-based surveillance within a defined airspace.
Note: The term RSP is used in the context of a specification that
is applicable to the prescription of airspace requirements,
qualification of ATS provision, aircraft capability, and
operational use, including post-implementation monitoring (e.g.
RSP 180 refers to the criteria for various components of the
operational system to ensure an acceptable surveillance
capability for the controller is maintained.
PBCS – Prescription of RCP/RSP
Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable:
• ICAO to specify communication and surveillance
requirements for specific ATS operations (e.g.
application of separation minimum);
• Regions/States to prescribe RCP and RSP
specifications in Regional Supplementary
Procedures and Aeronautical Information
Publications (AIPs or similar publication)
PBCS – Initial Qualification
• Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable
– Aircraft systems to be approved in accordance with
prescribed RCP and RSP specifications
– Operators to be authorized by the State of Registry or State
of the Operator, as appropriate, and to file the prescribed
performance based designators (e.g. RCP 240, RSP 180) in
their flight plans
– ANSPs to ensure infrastructure in accordance with
prescribed RCP and RSP specifications and assess aircraft
capability from flight plan information, to safely apply the
appropriate ATS (e.g. reduced separation) to eligible aircraft
Why PBCS? – What is RCP/RSP of these aircraft?
VDL2?
VHF?
POA?
RNP4
Inmarsat SBB?
RCP240?
Inmarsat I3?
RCP400?
Inmarsat I4?
RNP4
SATCOM?
Iridium Next?
RNP4
RNP4
RSP180?
RNP4
Iridium?
RNP from FPL
RSP400?
RNP4
RNP4
RNP10
4
RCP/RSP from ?
HFDL?
MTSAT?
SATCOM+HFDL?
PBCS – Continued Compliance
• Based on RCP and RSP, PBCS will enable:
– ICAO Regions to conduct post-implementation
monitoring of operational performance against RCP
and RSP specifications, and initiate corrective action
to the appropriate party, as necessary, for continued
operational safety
– ICAO Regions to exchange performance information
in a consistent way
– Operators will need to establish programs that
support post-implementation monitoring activities
PBCS - RSP/RCP – ICAO FPL
• Currently, there is potential for an ATSP to misapply
Air Traffic Services to an operator or aircraft type
because no specific RCP or RSP definition is
available in the FPL.
• Specific RCP/RSP definition is needed by ground
system automation to enable reliable application of
Air Traffic Services to suitably equipped aircraft that
meet RCP/RSP specifications.
PBCS - RSP/RCP – ICAO FPL
• ICAO Flight Plan makes provision for RCP allocation
in Item 10 with reserved designators.
•Asia/Pac ICAO 2012 guidance specifically states that
ATSP should process reserved RCP designators
without error.
• No similar provision with reserved designators was
made for RSP allocation in Item 10 but does make
mention of use of SUR/ in Item 18.
RSP/RCP – OPLINKP amend PANS-ATM Doc4444?
• Item 10a
P1
P2
P3
P4–P9
RCP 400 (See Note 7)
RCP 240 (See Note 7)
RCP 150 (See Note 7)
Reserved for RCP (See Note 7)
Note 7.— Guidance material on the application of performance-based communication, which
prescribes RCP to an air traffic service in a specific area, is contained in the PerformanceBased Communication and Surveillance (PBCS) Manual (Doc 9869).
• Item 10b
If the descriptor D1 is used, the performance-based surveillance level that can be met are
specified in Item 18 following the indicator SUR/. Guidance material on the application of
performance-based surveillance, which prescribes RSP to an air traffic service in a specific
area, is contained in the Performance-Based Communication and Surveillance (PBCS) Manual
(Doc 9869).
RSP/RCP – tactical indication in aircraft
• Aircraft provides the flight crew with alerts in case of
equipment/capability failures, e.g.
– Communication Means failure (e.g. SATCOM FAULT)
– Definitive connectivity loss (e.g. VHF3 DATALINK FAULT)
– Failure of ATC Data Link (e.g. ATC DATA LINK FAULT)
BUT
•
There is no RCP/RSP indication directly displayed to the flight
crew.
Note: Appropriate procedures (refer to GOLD) and associated
training is required to ensure failure notifications to ATSP.
RSP/RCP – tactical indication to controller
• ATM ground system automation provides the controller with
alerts in case of equipment/capability failures, e.g.
– Communication failure. (e.g. ACARS FAULT)
– CPDLC transaction timeouts. (e.g. NO RESPONSE RECEIVED)
– ADS-C periodic reports overdue.
Note: If ground system provides indication to controller for action then
controller can assess suitability of communications and surveillance for
continued application of ATS service based on workload
BUT
•
There is no real time monitor of actual performance to indicate
“RCP/RSP unable” directly to the controller.
Note: Appropriate procedures (refer to GOLD) and associated training is
required for equipment/capability failures e.g. aircraft SATCOM failure?
PBCS – an introductory history (1)
•
In 1991, the 10th ANC endorse the Future Air Navigation System concept.
– This becomes known as the communications, navigation, surveillance/air
traffic management (CNS/ATM) systems concept.
•
In 1996, at the 4th meeting of the Aeronautical Mobile Communications Panel
(AMCP/4) recognises the absence of objective criteria to evaluate
communications performance.
•
In 2000 AMCP is renamed the Operational Data Link Panel (OPLINKP)
•
In 1997, the Air Navigation Commission tasks OPLINKP to develop the
concept of Required Communications Performance (RCP).
•
In 2001, OPLINKP completed a concept of RCP and the Air Navigation
Commission solicit State comment.
•
In 2002, OPLINKP were tasked to develop a manual on RCP and as necessary
develop SARP’s and procedures relating to the use of RCP in ATS.
PBCS – an introductory history (2)
•
In 2003, the 11th ANC endorse recommendations to :
– Confirm development of RCP
– Investigate further areas including:
• Relationship of RCP to separation studies and interoperability
• RCP Types and Allocations
• Safety performance monitoring
•
In 2007, Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft,
– Amended to introduce concept of RCP in the provision of ATS.
•
In 2007, Annex 11 – Air Traffic Services and Doc 4444 PANS - ATM,
– Amended to introduce definitions and associated procedures for RCP.
PBCS – an introductory history (3)
•
In 2007, RTCA DO-306/EUROCAE ED-122 Safety and Performance Standard
for Air Traffic Data Link Services in Oceanic and Remote Airspace (Oceanic
SPR Standard) is published.
– Provides operational, safety, and performance requirements for data link
services that support specific ATS functions in oceanic and remote
airspace.
– Specifically provides RCP/RSP allocations for reduced separation
standards
•
In 2008, ICAO Doc 9869 Manual on Required Communications Performance is
published.
•
In 2010, ICAO Global Operational Data Link Document (GOLD) is published.
– Appendix B – RCP Specifications
– Appendix C - RSP Specifications
– Appendix D – Post Implementation Monitoring and Corrective Actions
PBCS – an introductory history (3)
•
In 2011/12, GOLD Edition 2 is developed with planned completion April 2013.
– The GOLD, First Edition, Appendix C, refers to “surveillance performance
specifications.” The GOLD, Second Edition, will refer specifically to “RSP
specifications.”
•
In 2012/2013, OPLINKP develop proposals to:
– Rename ICAO Doc 9869 “Manual on Required Communications
Performance” to “Performance Based Communications and Surveillance
(PBCS) Manual”.
– Move guidance material from GOLD Edition 2 Appendix B – RCP
Specifications, Appendix C – RSP Specifications, and Appendix D – Post
Implementation Monitoring and Corrective Action into PBCS Manual.
– Amend Annex 6 Part I and Annex 11 to include standards associated with
PBCS similar to PBN and refer to guidance material in Doc 9869 PBCS
Manual.
– Amend PANS-ATM Doc 4444 for flight plan provisions concerning PBCS
PBCS – Background in NAT Region
• NAT SPG/43 (2007) – Identified communication
service problem needing urgent attention (43/29)
• Special NAT SPG (2007) – Established RCP Task
Force (SP2007/6)
• NAT SPG/44 (2008) – Agreed to mandate RCP by
2015 (44/11)
• NAT SPG/46 (2010) – Endorsed GOLD (46/8)
• NAT SPG/47 (2011) – Endorsed NAT PBCS
Implementation Plan (47/5)
• NAT SPG/48 (2012) – RCP – RSP Applicability (48/7)
PBCS – NAT PBCS Implementation Plan
• 2015 implementation
• 17 tasks on track
• Key items
– PfA for Doc 7030
– Flight plan
– ATC automation
– Post-implementation
monitoring
PBCS – NAT PBCS Workshop
• NAT PBCS Workshop
– Task 4 of NAT PBCS Implementation Plan
– Training and education - Safety communication
– Exchange information and promote global
harmonization
– Held Paris, France 20-22 February 2013
RCP – Required Communications Performance
• RCP concept seeks to manage the performance of
communications supporting evolving ATM concepts and
emerging technologies. This is achieved by:
– Determining an RCP type for the communications
capabilities supporting an ATM function; then
– Prescribing the RCP type(s) related to the
communications system(s) supporting the ATM
functions within that airspace; and
– Complying with the prescribed RCP type(s) through
initial qualification, operational assessments, and post
implementation monitoring/analysis/corrective action of
the communications systems.
RSP – Required Surveillance Performance
• RSP concept seeks to manage the performance of
surveillance supporting evolving ATM concepts and
emerging technologies. This is achieved by:
– Determining an RSP type for the surveillance
capabilities supporting an ATM function; then
– Prescribing the RSP type(s) related to the surveillance
system(s) supporting the ATM functions within that
airspace; and
– Complying with the prescribed RSP type(s) through
initial qualification, operational assessments, and post
implementation monitoring/analysis/corrective action of
the surveillance systems.
Advanc
FANS1/A - A Performance Based System?
e safety
Aircraft
manufacturer
Operator
Corrective
action
Avionics
supplier
CSP
FANS 1/A
Continuous
improvement
Satellite
company
Network
ATSP
Central
Reporting
Agency
CPDLC RCP &
ADS-C safety
performance
monitoring
FANS 1/A
PBCS - Continuous performance improvement
Enabling Benefits with PBCS
• Operational improvements (e.g. 30/30NM and 50NM Long) are
predicated on certain communications (e.g. CPDLC at RCP240),
surveillance (e.g. ADS-C at RSP180), and navigation
requirements (e.g. PBN RNP4).
• We have an obligation to ensure that aircraft and operators are
meeting these requirements.
• We have PBN that prescribes navigation specifications (e.g.
RNP4 and RNP10) for 30/30NM and 50NM long.
• We need to implement PBCS and prescribe appropriate RCP and
RSP specifications for the current 30/30NM and 50NM long
separation and other functions predicated on communication
and surveillance performance.
PBCS – Enabling Benefits with PBCS
• In summary, the performance-based approach is seen as a
means to:
– expedite and maximize operational benefits gained from
an existing fleet of data link capable aircraft
– to expand the provision and use of data link
capabilities, where beneficial,
– ensure global harmonization and operational
seamlessness of data link implementations.
– take into account the overall operational capability and
performance needed for the intended operations.
Thank you
Paul Radford
Manager Oceanic Systems
Airways New Zealand
paul.radford@airways.co.nz