Ch. 3 Exploration and Colonization
Exploration
Christopher Columbus’
voyages inspired
Europeans. They saw
the potential for
settling and gaining
riches from the newly
discovered lands.
Exploration
Magellan
circumnavigated the
globe, sailing from the
Atlantic Ocean,
rounding the tip of
South America and
into the Pacific Ocean
Exploration
• Magellan
established the
route to Asia that
Columbus
attempted to find
• New information
led to more
accurate maps
Exploration
Spanish explorers in
the borderlands
were largely
unsuccessful
because they met
strong Native
American resistance
Colonization
• Most European
rulers supported
established churches
in the 1500s
• European states
persecuted people
who did not follow
the established
religion
Colonization
• Religious differences
during the
Protestant
Reformation
increased rivalries
between nations
• Rulers encouraged
rivalries between
settlers for goods
and land
New Spain
Order of society, from
most influential to
least, was:
1. Peninsulares
2. Creoles
3. Mestizos
4. Native Americans
New Spain
Spanish
conquistadors
defeated the Aztecs
primarily because a
large number of
Aztecs died from
European diseases
New Spain
The Incas lost their
empire to the
Spanish due to
infighting over
control of their own
government
New Spain
Three kinds of
settlements were
established:
1. Pueblos
2. Presidios: forts
where soldiers lived
3. Missions
New Spain
Bartolome de las
Casas attempted to
help Native
Americans by asking
the King of Spain to
enact laws
prohibiting their
enslavement
New Spain
KEY TERMS
• Plantation: large
estate farmed by
many workers
• Encomienda: land
grant from the
Spanish government
to settlers
English Settle America
• The Mayflower
Compact established
laws for the general
good
• Native Americans
helped the Pilgrims
survive early hardships
• Squanto taught
colonists about native
food
English Settle America
KEY TERMS
• Charter: legal
document giving
certain rights to a
person or company
• Precedent: example
for people to follow
in the future
English Settle America
• Jamestown faced
many challenges,
including disease
and conflicts with
Native Americans
• Jamestown Colony
needed additional
laborers from
England
English Settle America
Virginia’s population
changed after 1619
when women and
Africans arrived in
greater numbers
English Settle America
Virginia’s House of
Burgesses began a
tradition of
representative
government in the
English colonies
Columbian Exchange
• Exchange of goods and
ideas from Europe to
the Americas and from
the Americas to Europe
• Examples: horses,
tomatoes, pumpkins,
peanuts, smallpox, how
to grow and prepare
native plants
Good Luck on Your Test!