2008

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
1. Which of the following determines whether a resource is a renewable resource or a nonrenewable resource?
A the cost for obtaining and using the resource
B the effects of the resource on the environment
C whether the resource is used to generate energy or is made into products
D the rate at which the resource can be replaced

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
2.
What is the source of energy shown in the diagram, and how is the energy being used?
A Geothermal energy is being used to generate chemical energy.
B Geothermal energy is being used to generate electrical energy.
C Hydroelectric energy is being used to generate chemical energy.
D hydroelectric energy is being used to generate electrical energy.

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
3. Which of the following is a way of conserving soil?
A riding a bike instead of driving a car
B turning off lights when they are not in use
C restoring land after the surface mining of coal
D making sure that the washing machine is full before starting it

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
4. Which of the following statements about all fossil fuels is true?
A Fossil fuels are liquids.
B Fossil fuels are found only on land.
C Fossil fuels move through permeable rock.
D Fossil fuels form from the remains of ancient organisms.

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
5. Which type of fuel forms when pressure and heat cause changes in the remains of swamp plants?
A coal
B gasohol
C petroleum
D natural gas

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
6.
What percentage of the electric power generated in
2003 came from sources that originated from the sun?
A 85%
B 93%
C 96%
D 100%

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
7. Why is the energy that is generated at a hydroelectric dam dependent on the sun?
A The sun’s gravity causes water to flow.
B Energy from the sun powers the water cycle.
C Sunlight gets rid of the pollution created by hydroelectric dams.
D Sunlight is the source of energy in the fuels burned by hydroelectric dams.

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
8. Which of the following resources is nonrenewable?
A wind
B wood
C sunlight
D natural gas

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
9. What is the most common way to release biomass energy?
A to burn it
B to recycle it
C to compress and heat it
D to convert it into petroleum

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
10. What is the ultimate source of almost all energy?
Explain your answer.

Chapter 5
CRCT Preparation
11. In what ways is the production of wind energy limited by time and place?

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
12.
The death of every member of a species is called
A catastrophism.
B uniformitarianism.
C superposition.
D extinction

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
13.
Which of the following provides evidence that environmental conditions on Earth have changed?
A a fossilized footprint found in lava rock
B an insect fossil found in amber
C a marine fossil found on a mountaintop
D a dinosaur fossil found in sedimentary rock

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
14.
Which of the following vertebrate animals dominated Earth during the Mesozoic Era?
A reptiles
B amphibians
C mammals
D birds

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
15.
Which of the following statements correctly describes information contained in the fossil record?
A The fossil record contains more information on softbodied organisms than on hard-bodied organisms.
B The fossil record provides paleontologists with a continuous record of changes in organisms.
C The fossil record contains information on the majority of organisms that have lived.
D The fossil record reveals a history of environmental change.

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
16.
Which of the following statements best describes present ideas about geologic change?
A All geologic change occurs gradually and uniformly.
B Most geologic change occurs gradually and uniformly.
C All geologic change occurs rapidly and catastrophically.
D Most geologic change occurs rapidly and catastrophically.

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
17.
A small reptile of the genus Mesosaurus lived 260 million years ago and is now extinct. Fossils of this reptile have been found in both South America and southern Africa. Which of the following statements best explains why the fossils were found on both continents?
A At one time, the continents were joined.
B The reptile swam across the Atlantic Ocean.
C The reptile traveled across a land bridge.
D People brought the reptile to South America.

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
18.
Which of the following would be an example of gradual geologic change?
A a volcanic eruption
B an earthquake-generated tsunami
C a global rise in sea level
D an asteroid striking Earth

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
Use the diagram to answer question 10.
19. Determine what sequence of events occurred in the rock layers shown in the diagram.
A An intrusion formed, and then the rock layers formed around the intrusion.
B First, the bottom rock layer formed.
The, the intrusion formed. Finally, the other rock layers formed.
C The rock layers were folded, and then an intrusion cut through the layers.
D The rock layers formed, and then an intrusion cut through some of the layers.

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
20. Fossils of coniferous leaves and wood that date to the Early Eocene Epoch have been found in Antarctica.
The trees are similar to species found today in southern
Argentina and in Chile. What does the presence of these fossils suggest about the past environment of Antarctica?

Chapter 6 CRCT Preparation
21. What two methods could geologists use to determine the youngest rocks in a sequence in which the rocks appear to have been disturbed?

Chapter 7 CRCT Preparation
22. How do mid-ocean ridges support both the idea of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics?
A Oceanic lithosphere is destroyed at mid-ocean ridges.
B New crust forms at mid-ocean ridges.
C Tectonic plates collide at mid-ocean ridges.
D The crust at mid-ocean ridges is old oceanic lithosphere.

Chapter 7 CRCT Preparation
23. Which of the following compositional layers makes up the greatest percentage of Earth’s mass?
A continental crust
B oceanic crust
C the mantle
D the core

Chapter 7 CRCT Preparation
24. How does fossil evidence support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift?
A Similar fossils found on far apart landmasses suggest that the continents were once a single landmass.
B Fossil evidence suggests that the continents have always been in their current positions.
C No similarities exist between fossils on different continents.
D Plant and animal fossils show evidence of changes in
Earth’s polarity.

Chapter 7 CRCT Preparation
25. Most of the world’s folded mountains formed as a result of
A oceanic-oceanic separation at mid-ocean ridges.
B continental-continental separation at rift zones.
C continental-oceanic collision at subduction zones.
D continental-continental collision at convergent boundaries.