Punishment by application of aversive activities
Punishment by application of aversive stimulation

Overcorrection
Contingent exercise
Guided compliance
Physical restraint

The individual has to engage in effortful behavior contingent on the problem behavior
Restitution
Contingent on the problem behavior, the individual is required to fix the environment disrupted by the problem behavior
Positive Practice
Contingent on the problem behavior the individual has to engage in correct forms of relevant behavior for a period of time

Contingent on the problem behavior, the individual engages in some effortful behavior for a specified period of time.
The effortful behavior is unrelated to the problem behavior.

Contingent on problem behavior that occurs following a request, the individual is physically guided to comply with the request.
Involves positive punishment to decrease the problem behavior because physical guidance is contingent on the problem behavior.
Involves negative reinforcement to increase compliance because removal of physical guidance is contingent on compliance.

Contingent on the problem behavior, the body part involved in the behavior is held immobile for a specified period of time
Often used with response blocking or response interruption

1. Change agent must be physically capable of using the procedure
2. Client may actively resist the procedure
3. Must be certain the physical contact involved in the procedure is not reinforcing to the client
4. Must be certain that the procedure can be carried out without harm

Punishment by Application of Aversive
Stimulation
Rarely if ever used in behavior modification
Examples: lemon juice spray mist ice
SIBIS aromatic ammonia reprimands auditory stimulation (noise)

Considerations in the use of Punishment by the Application of Aversive Stimulation
1. Use functional/nonaversive procedures first.
2. Implement differential reinforcement with punishment.
3. Consider the function of the problem behavior.
4. Choose the aversive stimulus carefully.
5. Collect data to make treatment decisions.
6. Address ethical issues.

Emotional reactions / aggressive behavior
Escape and avoidance behaviors
Modeling the use of punishment
Negative reinforcement for the use of punishment
Establishing the user as a conditioned punisher

1. Conduct a functional assessment
2. Identify the behavioral deficit as well as excess
3. First use functional/nonaversive treatments
- Extinction
- Differential reinforcement
- Antecedent manipulations
- Behavioral skills training procedures

The use of painful or uncomfortable stimulation
Informed consent
Alternative treatments
Safety
Problem severity
Implementation guidelines
Training and supervision
Peer review and accountability - prevent misuse