homework terms: Define: dorsal, ventral, lateral, medial, anterior, posterior, anatomical position, sagittal plane, transverse plane, coronal plane, frontal plane, distal, proximal, supine, prone, superior, inferior, extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, rotation, superficial, deep, thoracic Quiz on Friday, from memory Basic terms cephalic - head cranial – skull temporal – side of skull cervical – neck orbital – around the eye otic – ear buccal – inside the cheek zygomatic – cheek bone nasal thoracic – chest area abdominal – area below the diaphragm, belly area lumbar – lower back brachial – arm olecranon process - point of elbow carpal – wrist digital – fingers and toes pollex - thumb gluteal – buttock pelvic – hips inguinal - groin femoral - thigh patella – knee cap popliteal – area behind the knee tarsal – ankle pedal – foot plantar – sole of the foot hallux – big toe Anatomical Position standing, arms down, palms forward In anatomy left and right always means the patient’s left and patient’s right Levels of organization of body chemicals – atomsī moleculesī macromolecules organelles cells tissues organs organ systems (name the 11 systems) organism carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids Make a chart of the 11 systems, their functions and give 5 example organs for each system. (many organs are associated with more than 1 system). Anatomy - study of location and shape/form of organs (dissection) Physiology – how does the organ function: biochemistry (microscope, chemical tests) Anatomical Position: standing, arms _____________, palms _____________________ In anatomy left and right always means the patient’s left and patient’s right body cavities – list the organs in each cavity cranial – spinal – thoracic – abdominal – pelvic – Diagram the 9 abdominal regions pg 12/15 3 somatotypes (explain the health risks/benefits of each) ectomorph – naturally thin with little fat; flat muscles; they have a hard time gaining weight mesomorph – athletic, can gain or lose weight easily endomorph - rounder, lots of fat and muscle; gain weight easily pear shape _____________________________________________________________ apple shape ____________________________________________________________ belly side___________________________ opposite the belly side ___________________________ toward the head/face___________________________ toward the rear___________________________ toward the top or higher up ___________________________ lower, used relative to some point ___________________________ closer to the midline ______________________ further from the midline; to the side ________________ closer to the trunk of the body, used relative to some point ___________________________ further away from the trunk, used relative to some point___________________________ plane that divides the body into top and bottom___________________________ plane that divides the body into left and right sides ___________________________ plane that divides the body into front and back; has 2 names _____________________________________ add nasal to list of face words Read about homeostasis and summarize it in your notes. negative feedback = inhibitory, something increases n turns something else off maintains homeostasis positive feedback = stimulatory ex. contractions leading to birth What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? physiology terms hypo – hyper – metabolism – all the physical and chemical reactions in the body catabolism – reactions that destroy (cat scratches up furniture) anabolism – reactions that build up (Anna is a body builder) Vocabulary Quiz 8/30/2013 ____1. plane that divides the body into left and right sides A. abduction ____2. plane that divides the body into front and back; has 2 names B. adduction ____3. plane that divides the body into top and bottom C. anterior ____4. belly side D. coronal plane ____5. opposite the belly side E. deep ____6. closer to the midline G. distal ____7. further from the midline; to the side H. dorsal ____8. toward the head/face J. extension ____9. toward the rear K. flexion ____10. closer to the trunk of the body, used relative to some point L. frontal plane ____11. further away from the trunk, used relative to some point M. inferior ____12. toward the top or higher up O. lateral ____13. lower, used relative to some point P. medial ____14. laying on your back, face up R. posterior ____15.on your face (think bowing to a king on his throne) S. prone ____16. near the surface T. proximal ____17. circular movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone V. rotation ____18. straightening a joint resulting in an increased angle W. sagittal plane ____19. bending a joint resulting in a decreased angle X. superior ____20. chest area Y. superficial ____21. moving a limb away from the trunk of the body Z. supine ____22. moving a limb closer to the midline aa. thoracic ____23. away from the surface; further inside bb. transverse plane cc. ventral 24. On the back, explain or draw the anatomical position. DD. ventricle A&P Test 9/5/13 1. The sum total of all physical and chemical processes in the body is _______________________________ 2. plane that divides body into left + right _____________________________________ 3. plane that divides body into front+ back ______________________________________ 4. plane that divides body into top+ bottom ___________________________________ 5. The lungs are _____________________ to the heart. 6. The lungs are ____________________ to the diaphragm. 7. The wrist is ________________ to the elbow. 8. The knee is _________________ to the ankle. 9. moving a limb away from the trunk of the body __________________________________ 10. laying on your back, face up ________________________ 11. bending a joint resulting in a decreased angle ______________________________ 12. Name the body part that is anterior, lateral to the midsagittal plane, and superior to the nasal area. 13. Name the phalange that is inferior to the tarsal and most medial to the pedal area. For the following, explain what would you be doing in Anatomy Twister: 14. pollux to buccal __________________________________________________________ 15. right digits to lumbar region ______________________________________________ 16. right plantar area put medial to patella ______________________________________________ 17. superior pedal area put to the popliteal area _______________________________________________ 18. right olecranon process to left femoral ______________________________________________________ Translate these into Anatomy Twister: 19. put your right wrist to the right side of your head _________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 20. put your right thumb between your eyes _____________________________________________________ 21. What is the general term for body type? ______________________________________ 22. Name and describe the body type that is at highest risk. _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 23. How is anatomy different from physiology? _________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 24. Fill in the correct body systems, organs, and functions. system organs 1 femur, skull, vertebrae, ulna, tibia function 2 movement and heat production 3 breaks down food for energy and molecular building blocks 4 brain, spinal cord, nerves, eye, ear slower, but longer lasting communication and control 5 6 skin, hair follicles, sweat glands removes liquid metabolic wastes 7 8 nose, trachea, bronchi, lungs 9 lymph nodes, tonsils, white blood cells 10 11 ovaries, uterus or testes, prostate gland Greek and Latin Root Words cyte or cyto – cell osteo – bones chondro - cartilage peps – digesting endo – inside exo – outside inter – between intra – inside trans – across hydro – water phil – love phobe – fear lys – destroy aero – air or with oxygen a or an - not ology – study of tome or tomy – to cut ped (Latin) - foot ped (Greek) – child pod (Greek) foot pseudo – false therm – heat mal – bad dis – not or against a or an – not anti – opposite peri – around mort - death grav – heavy vac – empty juxta - beside itis – inflammation graph – to write andro – male homo – same hetero – different circu – circle com – with pre - before post – after ampl – abundant viv – alive norm – rule acri – sharp carn – flesh form - shape