NOMENCLATURE
BAN DHMO!
The Invisible Killer
Dihydrogen monoxide is colorless, odorless,
tasteless, and kills uncounted thousands of people
every year. Most of these deaths are caused by
accidental inhalation of DHMO, but the dangers of
dihydrogen monoxide do not end there. Prolonged
exposure to its solid form causes severe tissue
damage. Symptoms of DHMO ingestion can include
excessive sweating,bloated feeling, nausea,
vomiting and electrolyte imbalance. For those who
have become dependent, DHMO withdrawal means
certain death.
BAN DHMO!
Dihydrogen monoxide:
 is also known as hydroxyl acid, and is the major
component of acid rain.
 contributes to the "greenhouse effect."
 may cause severe burns.
 contributes to the erosion of our natural
landscape.
 may cause electrical failures and decreased
effectiveness of automobile brakes.
 has been found in excised tumors of terminal
cancer patients
BAN DHMO!
Contamination Is Reaching Epidemic
Proportions!
 Quantities of dihydrogen monoxide have been
found in almost every stream, lake, and reservoir
in America today. But the pollution is global, and
the contaminant has even been found in
Antarctic ice. DHMO has caused millions of
dollars of property damage in the midwest, and
recently California.
BAN DHMO!
Despite the danger, DHMO is often used:
 as an industrial solvent and coolant.
 in nuclear power plants.
 in the production of styrofoam.
 in many forms of cruel animal research.
 in the distribution of pesticides. Even after washing,
produce remains contaminated by this chemical.
 as an additive in certain "junk-foods" and other food
products.
 Companies dump waste DHMO into rivers and the
ocean, and nothing can be done to stop them because
this practice is still legal. The impact on wildlife is
extreme, and we cannot afford to ignore it any longer!
BAN DHMO!
The Horror Must Be Stopped!
 The American government has refused to ban
the production, distribution, or use of this
damaging chemical due to its "importance to the
economic health of this nation." In fact, the navy
and other military organizations are conducting
experiments with DHMO, and designing multibillion dollar devices to control and utilize it
during warfare situations. Hundreds of military
research facilities receive tons of it through a
highly sophisticated underground distribution
network. Many store large quantities for later
use.
It's Not Too Late!
 Act NOW to prevent further contamination.
Find out more about this dangerous chemical.
What you don't know can hurt you and others
throughout the world.
WHAT DO YOU THINK???


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A DHMO processing plant is about to be
built near North Thurston High School and
our neighborhoods.
How do you feel about this?
What would you say to a city official if you
could voice your opinion?
Should this processing plant go into
construction, why or why not?
NOMENCLATURE
THE NAME OF
IMPORTANT!
COMPOUNDS ARE VERY
Because they tell you what is in that compound!
HOW DO I KNOW THE ION FORMED BY
VARIOUS ELEMENTS?


The periodic table group numbers signify the
number of valence electrons members of that
group each have.
The valence electron number will indicate
whether or not that element/group will lose or
gain electrons, and how many
Groups 1-3 and the transition elements lose electrons
to become positive ions
 Groups 5-7 gain electrons to become negative ions
 Group 4 and 8 do not form ions

THE PERIODIC TABLE AS A USEFUL TOOL
NAMING BASICS: IONIC COMPOUNDS
 Basic
ionic compounds are formed
between a metal and a nonmetal
 Metals: groups 1, 2, 13,
 Nonmetals: primarily groups 15,
16, & 17
 To
name them: Cation + Anion + ide
 Cation: positive ion
 Anion: negative ion
 Na + Cl = Sodium Chloride
DETERMINING THE MOLECULAR FORMULA
OF AN IONIC COMPOUND AND NAMING
 Subscripts
are used to indicate the
number of each element needed in
order to have a neutral compound
 For
example:
 Na + Cl = NaCl (+1, -1 equals zero)
 Mg + Br = MgBr2 (+2, -1, -1 equals
zero
 In
ionic bonding subscripts do not
affect the how a compound is named.
COMPOUND WITH POLYATOMIC IONS

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that act
together as one unit
COMPOUNDS WITH POLYATOMIC IONS
When naming compounds with polyatomic
ions, use the name of the polyatomic ion
without a suffix
 For example: K2S = Potassium sulfide while
K3PO4 = Potassium phosphate
 In the example above, the rules for
determining subscripts remains the same:
the goal is for the compound to be neutral
(no electrical charge)
 K = +1 charge, PO4 = -3 charge and so I will
need three K+ ions to bond with one PO4
polyatomic ion in order to reach an
electrical charge of zero (neutral

COMPOUNDS WITH ELEMENTS THAT FORM
MORE THAN ONE TYPE OF ION (MULTIPLE CHARGES)

When naming a compound containing an element
that can form more than one type of ion, a Roman
numeral is used to indicate the charge of that ion
in that particular compound
Copper (II) Oxide: Copper has a +2 charge, and
therefore the formula will be CuO
 Copper (I) Oxide: Copper has a +1 charge and
therefore the formula will be Cu2O

COMMON TRANSITION ELEMENTS WITH
MORE THAN ONE ION FORMATION
NAMING COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ONLY
NONMETALS

When nonmetals combine, the naming
system is different.
Because you cannot necessarily use the charge
to indicate the quantities of each atom in the
compound, the name must indicate the
amounts using standard prefixes: mono, di, tri,
tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, and deca
 The last element ends in -ide


The only time a prefix is not used is for the
first element of the name when there is only
one of that element in the compound.
CO carbon monoxide
 N2O4 dinitrogen tetraoxide

WHEN YOU HAVE AN H IN THE BEGINNING
OF A CHEMICAL FORMULA

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If your chemical formula begins with an
Hydrogen, you then have an ACID.
Begin with the prefix Hydro………
Then if it has only one other element name the
element with an ending of -ic and acid
An example is HCl
Hydrochloric acid
DETERMINING THE MOLECULAR FORMULA
OF AN IONIC COMPOUND

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Compounds are by definition neutral. When
combining ions to form an ionic compound, the
overall charge of the compound must equal zero
Subscripts are used to indicate the number of
each element needed in order to have a neutral
compound
For example:
Na + Cl = NaCl (+1, -1 equals zero)
 Mg + Br = MgBr2 (+2, -1, -1 equals zero)
