Curriculum Review: Chemistry 12
Scope
This curriculum document has been prepared using the pan-Canadian Common
Framework of Science Learning Outcomes K-12, released in October 1997. The guide is
intended to provide teachers with the overview of the outcomes frameworks for the course. It
also includes some suggestions to assist teachers in designing learning experiences and
assessment tasks. The curriculum covers both grade 11 and grade 12 Chemistry. We will be
focusing on the grade 12 components. The grade 12 part covers four units:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Thermochemistry
Solutions, Kinetics, and Equilibrium
Acids and Bases
Electrochemistry
The units should be taught in the above order as some understanding from the previous unit
may be necessary for understanding some concepts in the current unit.
Release date: July 2003
Text used: McGraw-Hill Ryerson "Chemistry”. (www.mcgrawhill.ca/links/atlchemistry)
Title of Unit
Overall
Expectations
Thermochemistry
“Study the usage of
energy in our
society, and the
various systems we
derive it from.
Develop skills
involving planning,
recording, analyzing,
and evaluating
energy changes
using bond energy,
heats of formations
and Hess’s law. To
develop student’s
interest in global
energy issues, and to
appreciate the idea
of possible
solutions.”
Key
Questions
A Scottish
chemist
differentiated
between
temperature
and thermal
energy.
Discuss how
they are
different and
describe an
experiment
which would
show two
objects at the
same
temperature
do not
necessary
have the same
Resources/Ideas
Safety
Considerations
WHMIS review
1. Thermochemistry STSE
-Group research project
-List fossil fuels, usage and combustions
equations
-Balance Alkane combustion equations
- http://webbook.nist.gov/
-Text book
2. Experiments with Energy Changes
-List everyday examples of Endothermic and
Exothermic changes
- A steam engine lab: An easy steam engine is
constructed from a soda can and a swivel ;
http://chemmovies.unl.edu/chemistry/beckerdem
os/BD053.html
-A heat of fusion lab involving ice or wax
3. Thermochemistry and Potential Energy
-Heat of formation tables can be used to help
predict heat of heat of reaction for chemical
reactions
MSDS Sheets
Safety Goggle
during labs
Basic lab
review with
solutions/mixtur
es (no drinking,
proper smelling
technique, etc.)
Have fire
extinguisher or
wet towel
nearby during
thermochemistr
y labs
thermal
energy.
What types of
energy are
used by you
throughout a
regular day?
Why is it so
important to
wait for a
substance to
reach room
temperature
before
recording its
mass?
Solutions, Kinetics,
and Equilibrium
“Investigation of
change in the
context of solutions
help students to
develop their
understanding about
mixtures, solutions,
bonding, and
stoichiometry. This
investigation leads
to factors that affect
the rates of chemical
reactions, chemical
equilibrium, and a
quantitative
treatment of reaction
systems. The
balance of opposing
reactions in
chemical
equilibrium systems
has issues relating to
commercial/industri
al production.”
What do I
need to know
in order to
calculate the
molarity of a
solution?
Explain.
A dog eats a
cod liver oil
tablet. What
happens to the
oil
components
in the dog’s
body?
Why is it
better to use a
catalyst to
speed up a
reaction rather
than increase
-Use tables and/or graphs, flow charts, diagrams
to help explain heats of formation
4. Bonding and Hess’s Law
-Review adding chemical equations
-Hess’s Law experiment; calculating energy
required to break propanol into atoms
5. Science decisions involving thermochemistry
-Identify and describe sources of current and
potentially new sources of energy
-Department of Natural Resources
-Validity handout
Various useful websites:
http://www.chem.queensu.ca/people/faculty/mombourq
uette/firstyrchem/thermo1/index.htm
http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c120/ther
mosum.html
http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/1_e
nergy/teacher/energy_teacher_index.htm
1) Concentration, Properties, and Solubility
- Labs:
Solubility curve
Bleach
- Use puzzles to understand the solubility terms
2) Solubility and Precipitates
- Labs:
Solubility Curves
Vitamin C
Precipitate
- Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iA6hq52e4fQ
3) Kinetics and Rate of Reaction
- Labs:
Rate of Reactions
Air Bag Article
- Journal: Investigate food stored at different
temperatures. How do the rates of decomposition
differ?
- Video:
http://www.slideshare.net/Emersius/rate-ofreactions
4) Collision Theory, Reaction Mechanisms, and
Catalysts
- Write journal on the collision theory
WHMIS
Training
All Safety
equipment is
properly located
in the labs
Having safety
procedures for
each lab
Basic lab
review with
solutions/mixtur
es (no drinking,
proper smelling
technique, etc.)
Acids and Bases
“Students will be
encouraged to value
the role of precise
observation and
careful
experimentation
while looking at safe
handling, storage,
and disposal of
chemicals. Problem
solving and decision
making are used
throughout this unit.
Student laboratory
skills will be
developed and
opportunity to place
on emphasis on
WHMIS. There are
many opportunities
to discuss the
relationships among
science, technology,
environment, and
the
temperature?
- Examples of catalysts
5) Equilibrium
- Video:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f9aTOSpkUn
g
6) Le Chatlier’s Principle and Keq
- Journal: Talk about one reversible reaction you
might encounter every day.
- Research the use of solubility principles and
equilibrium to remove a pollutant from waste
water.
- Virtual Lab:
http://www.capital.net/com/vcl/equil/equil.htm
7) Equilibrium Applications
- Journal: How would increasing the pressure of a
reaction to produce ammonia affect the ammonia
yield?
- Journal: If a reaction is in equilibrium, does that
mean nothing is changing?
- Journal: How are equilibrium and solubility
related?
What
characteristics
make a
substance
amphiprotic?
1) Properties and Definitions of Acids and Bases
- Journal: a list of what they already know
about acids and bases, and what they want to
know.
- Have students look at household items and
their ingredients to determine if they are
acidic or basic (can use Merck Index).
- Use a concept map to organize the BronstedLowry and Arrhenius acid and base
definitions (present to class as option).
2) Acid/Base Reactions:
- Journal: Explain how you think
neutralization works in the stomach.
- Explain the hydronium ion
- Given equations, identify the acids and bases
depending on the definition used.
3) Using the Equilibrium Concept with Acids
and Bases
- Create posters for proper and improper
disposal of acids and bases in lab.
- Have students predict the pH of everyday
items using their knowledge of acids and
bases.
- Journal: How can pH be negative?
What are
some
everyday
examples of
acid-base
neutralization
reactions?
How does the
pH of human
blood remain
constant?
What is acid
rain? How
does it form?
What effects
WHMIS
materials.
MSDS Sheets
available.
Overview safety
procedures for
safe handling
and disposal of
chemicals and
materials
required to
perform
titrations.
All Safety
equipment is
properly located
in the labs.
society in this unit.”
“describe various
acid-base definitions
up to the BronstedLowry definition”
does it have
on the
environment?
Why is pH
important
within the
“calculate the pH of fluids of the
an acid or base given body (ie
the concentration
stomach,
and vice versa”
blood)?
“explain how acidbase indicators
function”
“describe the
interactions between
H+ ions and OHions using Le
Chatelier’s
principle”
Electrochemistry
“Matter is electrical
in nature and some
of its most important
particles – protons,
electrons, ions –
carry electric charge.
When an electrical
potential is applied
between electrodes
placed in a solution
of ions, ions migrate
to oppositely
charged electrodes
and chemical
reactions take place,
Quantitative aspects
of this electrolysis
are important in
analytical chemistry
and the chemistry
industry.”
Why is it
important to
monitor the
pH levels in
aquatic and
terrestrial
environments
(soil etc)?
An electrical
eel can
produce a
charge 600V.
It does this by
combining the
voltages of
individual
electroplates.
If each
electroplate
produces 150
mV, how
many
electroplates
are needed to
develop this
voltage?
Now that you
-
Journal: Solve questions involving Ka and
acids and bases.
4) Indicators of Acids and Bases
- Lab: Indicators
- Journal: What needs to be considered when
choosing an indicator for acids and bases?
5) Acid/Base Titrations
- Lab: Titration
- Demonstration: Titrations
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/ani
mations/chang_7e_esp/crm3s5_5.swf
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3iuVXHx
yB1k
6) H+, OH- and Le Chatelier’s Principle
- Journal: Write or find a magazine/newspaper
article that discusses an environmental issue
connected with acids and bases.
Useful Website(s):
http://www.saskschools.ca/curr_content/chem30_05/5_a
cids_bases/acids_index.htm
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~chemlab/techniques/titratio
n.html
1) Oxidation and Reduction
- Lab: Redox Reactions
- Define Numerous “Oxidation/Reduction”
Terms
- Identify electron transfers within equations
- Identify the oxidizing and reducing agents
“OIL RIG”
- Determining Oxidation Numbers
- Journal: What does electrochemistry involve?
2) Redox and Half Reactions
- Iron redox lab, find balanced equations
-Titration lab involving:
MnO4- + Fe2+ + H+  Mn2+ + Fe3+ + H2O
Find the balanced equations from calculations
-APEF chemistry data booklet
-Flow chart with steps on balancing redox
equations
3) Electrochemical and Electrolytic Cells
- Label, identify, and define the different parts
of an electrochemical cell.
- Label, identify, and define the different parts
WHMIS
Training
All Safety
equipment is
properly located
in the labs
Having safety
procedures for
each lab
Basic lab
review with
solutions/mixtur
es (no drinking,
proper smelling
technique, etc.)
have been
introduced to
redox, list
some
examples that
may be found
in your home.
What forms of
technology
could not
have been
possible
before the
creation of the
battery?
What are the
advantages
and
disadvantages
of hydrogen
fuel cells?
Give
examples of
applications
for the fuel
cell.
of an electrolytic cell.
- Journal: Explain how the flow of electrons in
a flashlight produces light.
- Lab: Construct an electrolytic cell
- Draw a concept map of terms.
4) Redox Reactions with Standard Reduction
Potentials
- Journal: Diagram a cell and write the half
reaction that takes place on both sides of the
cell, identifying as oxidation or reduction.
- Use of the standard potentials table to help
predict whether a reaction will be
spontaneous or not.
- Give examples of oxidation and reduction in
everyday life, industry, and the environment.
- Journal: Discuss various methods used to
find reduction potential. What are advantages
and disadvantages to each.
5) Energy Efficiency of Cells
- Predict and write balanced equations for the
cathode and anode.
- Discuss mining ores and the recycling
possibilities.
- Journal: Explain the process of electrolysis
and electroplating
- Journal: For one week record each day
everything you use powered by batteries.
Record the device, how many batteries are
used, and what type of batteries they are.
Useful website(s):
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/animations/ch
ang_7e_esp/crm3s5_5.swf
References:
Atlantic Canada Science Curriculum: Chemistry 11 and Chemistry 12, Implementation Draft,
Crown Copyright, Province of Nova Scotia, (2003).
Science Safety Guidelines, Grades Primary-12, Crown Copyright, Province of Nova Scotia,
(2005).