ART THROUGH THE
AGES
EUROPEAN ART MOVEMENTS
FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO
MODERN
ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC: THE
PRELUDE TO THE RENAISSNACE
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
► DURING
THE 11TH AND
12TH CENTURIES
MASTER BUILDERS
REPLACED FLAT
WOODEN ROOFS
WITH LONG, ROUND
STONE VAULTS
KNOWN AS BARREL
VAULTS
GOTHIC ART
►
►
GOTHIC CATHEDRALS
WERE ONE OF THE
GREATEST ARTISTIC
TRIUMPHS OF THE HIGH
MIDDLE AGES (10501300)
CONSTRUCTION ON THE
CATHEDRAL OF NOTREDAME IN PARIS STARTED
IN 1163 AND ENDED IN
1300
INTERIOR OF A GOTHIC
CATHEDRAL
ART PRIOR TO RENAISSANCE
FLAT , LACKING DEPTH & PERSPECTIVE
ART PRIOR TO THE RENAISSANCE
STIFF AND ARTIFICIAL
THE RENAISSANCE
GIOTTO PAVES THE WAY
► b. 1266, GIOTTO WAS
CONSIDERED A
FORERUNNER OF ITALIAN
RENAISSANCE PAINTING
► A MORE REALISTIC
APPROACH
► A DESIRE TO IMITATE
NATURE
► HIS FIGURES WERE SOLID
& ROUNDED
► 3- DIMENSIONAL, BUT
APPROXIMATE
►
RENAISSANCE & NATURE
►
►
►
RENAISSANCE ARTISTS
CONSIDERED THE
IMITATION OF NATURE
AS THEIR PRIMARY GOAL
HUMANS WERE PLACED
IN THE CENTER
MASACCIO (1401-1428)
PICKED UP WHERE
GIOTTO LEFT OFF
RENAISSANCE INTEREST IN
ANTIQUITY
► RENAISSANCE
ARTISTS HAD A KEEN
INTEREST IN
CLASSICAL ART,
PHILOSOPHY AND
VALUES
► BOTTICELLI’S
PRIMAVERA IS
CENTERED AROUND
VENUS (THE GODDESS
OF LOVE)
RAPHAEL’S SCHOOL OF ATHENS
1511
DA VINCI’S LAST SUPPER
DAVID: TWO VERSIONS
DONATELLO
MICHELANGELO
SISTINE CHAPEL: A MASTERPIECE
1512
BRUNELLESCHI’S ARCHITECTURE
DOME IN FLORENCE
INTERIOR SAN LORENZO
THE RENAISSANCE MOVES NORTH
VAN EYCK
NORTHERN RENAISSANCE FOCUS
ON RELIGION
DURER
BRUEGHEL THE ELDER
HIGH RENAISSANCE: MANNERISM
MID-LATE 16TH CENTURY
► MANNERIST
ART IS
CHARACTERIZED BY A
COMPLEX
COMPOSITION, WITH
MUSCULAR &
ELONGATED FIGURES
► MICHELANGELO AND
EL GRECO WERE TWO
PROMINENT ARTISTS
EL GRECO 1541-1614
17TH-CENTURY MOVEMENTS: THE
DUTCH & BAROQUE
REMBRANDT
► THE
GOLDEN AGE OF
DUTCH PAINTING
WAS LED BY
REMBRANDT &
VERMEER
DUTCH 17TH CENTURY:
VERMEER
BAROQUE ART: A CATHOLIC
COUNTER
CARAVAGGIO
►
Baroque Art emerged
around 1600, as an
reaction against the
intricate and formulaic
Mannerist style which
dominated the Late
Renaissance. Baroque Art
is less complex, more
realistic and more
emotionally affecting than
Mannerism.
BAROQUE ART
CARRACCI’S
ADORATION OF
THE VIRGIN
BERNINI: A BAROQUE MASTER
ROCOCO
KING
LOUIS
XV
► The
Rococo style
succeeded Baroque Art
in Europe. It was
centered in France,
and is generally
associated with the
reign of King Louis XV
(1715-1774). It is a
light, elaborate and
decorative style of art.
ROCOCO: 18TH-CENTURY ELEGANCE
WATTEAU
WATTEAU
TIEPOLO: A ROCOCO MASTER
NEO-CLASSICAL ART: MID 18TH TO
EARLY 19TH CENTURY
►
Neoclassical is a severe,
unemotional form of art
harkening back to the style
of ancient Greece and
Rome. Its rigidity was a
reaction to the Rococo
style and the emotional
Baroque style. Part of a
general revival of classical
thought, which was of
some importance in the
American and French
revolutions.
MENGS
NEOCLASSICAL= NEW CLASSICAL
OATH OF HORATII
JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID
DAVID- NAPOLEON’S FAVORITE
ROMANTICISM: THE ANTICLASSICAL
►
►
Late 18th Century to Mid 19th Century
Romanticism might best be described as anti-Classicism. A reaction
against Neoclassicism, it is a deeply-felt style which is individualistic,
beautiful, exotic, and emotionally wrought.
Although Romanticism and Neoclassicism were philosophically
opposed, they were the dominant European styles for generations, and
many artists were affected to a greater or lesser degree by both.
Artists might work in both styles at different times or even mix the
styles, creating an intellectually Romantic work using a Neoclassical
visual style, for example.
Great artists closely associated with Romanticism include J.M.W.
Turner, Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, and William Blake.
CASPAR DAVID FRIEDRICH
J.M.W. TURNER
RAIN, STEAM, SPEED
JOHN CONSTABLE
ROMANTICS USED IMAGES OF NATURE IN THEIR WORK
REALISM
► Mid-19th
Century
► Realism is an
approach to art in
which subjects are
portrayed in as
straightforward
manner as possible,
without idealizing
them and without
following the rules of
formal theory.
COURBET’S
STONEBREAKERS
JEAN-FRANCOIS MILLET
THE GLEANERS
IMPRESSIONISM
► Influence
of
photography
► Interest in light,
shadow
► Focus on everyday
life—street scenes,
still lives, parks, etc.
► Interest in how
objects change in light
over time
CLAUDE MONET
BERTHE MORISOT
CAMILLE PISSARRO
POST-IMPRESSIONISM
►
►
►
Post-Impressionism
France, 1880's to 1900
Post-Impressionism is an
umbrella term used to describe
a variety of artists who were
influenced by Impressionism but
took their art in different
directions.
There is no single well-defined
style of Post-Impressionism, but
in general it is less casual and
more interested in formal
structure and broad fields of
color.
CEZANNE
PAUL GAUGUIN
JOYOUSNESS
VINCENT VAN GOGH
Pointillism
France, 1880's
► Pointillism is a form of painting in which the
use of tiny primary-color dots is used to
generate secondary colors. It is an offshoot
of Impressionism, and is usually classified
as a form of Post-Impressionism. Pointillism
is focused on the specific style of
brushwork used to apply the paint.
GEORGES SEURAT
Sunday Afternoon on the Island of Grand Jatte
INTO 20TH-CENTURY
EXPRESSIONISM
►
Centered in Germany,
C.1905 to 1940's
► Expressionism
is a
style of art in which
the intention is not to
reproduce a subject
accurately, but instead
to portray it in such a
way as to express the
inner state of the
artist.
KANDINSKY’S IM BLAU
GEORGE GROSZ
THE SCREAM: EDVARD MUNCH
CUBISM
►
►
Europe, 1908-1920
Cubism was developed
between about 1908 and
1912 in a collaboration
between Pablo Picasso and
Georges Braque. Their
influences were Tribal Art
and the work of Paul
Cezanne. The movement
itself was not long-lived or
widespread, but it began an
immense creative explosion.
Key concept of Cubism is that
the essence of objects can
only be captured by showing
it from multiple points of view
simultaneously.
PICASSO SELF PORTRAIT
PABLO PICASSO
GUERNICA
GEORGES BRAQUE
The Glass of Absinthe
Dada
JEAN ARP
►
►
Europe, 1916-1924
Dada was a protest by a
group of European artists
against World War I,
bourgeois society, and the
conservatism of traditional
thought. Its followers used
non sequiturs and
absurdities to create
artworks and
performances which defied
intellectual analysis
MARCEL DUCHAMP
THE FOUNTAIN 1917
DUCHAMP
Futurism
►
►
Italy, 1909-1914
Futurism is an Italian
modernist movement
celebrating the
technological era. It was
largely inspired by the
development of Cubism.
The core themes of
Futurist thought and art
were machines and
motion.
UMBERTO
BOCCIONI
UMBERTO BOCCIONI
CARLO CARRA
MANIFESTAZIONE INTERVENTISTA 1912
Surrealism
► Europe,
1924 to 1950's
► Surrealism
is a style in which fantastic visual
imagery from the subconscious mind is used with
no intention of making the artwork logically
comprehensible. Founded by Andre Breton in
1924, it was a primarily European movement
which attracted many members of the chaotic
Dada movement. It was deeply influenced by the
psychoanalytic work of Freud and Jung.
RENE MAGRITTE
SALVADOR DALI
The Persistence of Memory
Abstract Expressionism
►
►
Centered in New York City, 1946 to 1960's
Abstract Expressionism is a form of art in which the artist
expresses himself purely through the use of form and
color. It is form of non-representational, or non-objective,
art, which means that there are no concrete objects
represented.
Now considered to be the first American artistic movement
of worldwide importance, the term was originally used to
describe the work of Arshile Gorky, Willem de Kooning, and
Jackson Pollock.
ARSHILE GORKY
How My Mother's Embroidered Apron Unfolds in My Life
WILLEM DE KOONING
WOMEN ON A BICYCLE 1952
POLLOCK
NUMBER 22
POSTMODERN ART
► The
remaining slides are widely considered
to be Postmodern. Started after WWII
(many feel it began in the 1960s) this
movement reflects a tendency in art,
thought and culture, to distrust objectivity,
authority, universality, and moral and
ideological absolutes. Postmodern artists
tend to mix styles, cultures, techniques, and
high and low forms. Often ironic or critical.
Pop Art
► 1950's
to 1960's
► Pop Art is a style of art which explores the
everyday imagery which is part of contemporary
consumer culture. Common sources include
advertisements, consumer product packaging,
celebrities, and comic strips.
Leading Pop artists include Robert Rauschenberg,
Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jaspar Johns.
ANDY WARHOL
M
A
R
I
L
Y
N
WARHOL
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
LICHTENSTEIN
JASPAR JOHNS
OPTICAL ART
►
►
1950's to 1960's
Optical Art is a
mathematically-oriented
form of (usually) Abstract
art, which uses repetition
of simple forms and colors
to create vibrating effects,
moiré patterns, an
exaggerated sense of
depth, foregroundbackground confusion, and
other visual effects.
BRIDGET RILEY
M.C. ESCHER
MORE ESCHER: BECAUSE ITS COOL
PHOTOREALISM
1960's to 1970's
► Photorealism is a movement which began in the
late 1960's, in which scenes are painted in a style
closely resembling photographs. The subject
matter is usually mundane and without particular
interest; the true subject of a photorealist work is
the way we unconsciously interpret photographs
and paintings in order to create a mental image of
the object represented.
CHUCK CLOSE
ROBERT ESTES
MINIMALISM
Emerged in the 1960's
► Minimalism is a style of art
in which objects are
stripped down to their
elemental, geometric form,
and presented in an
impersonal manner. It is
an Abstract form of art
which developed as a
reaction against the
subjective elements of
Abstract Expressionism.
FRANK STELLA
ELLSWORTH KELLY
Guggenheim—Bilbao
Guggenheim—F.L. Wright
Essay Practice
Compare the ways in which the two works of art reproduced below express the
artistic, philosophical, and cultural values of their times.
Michelangelo, David, 1504
Giacametti, Man Pointing, 1947