Warm-up 3/5:
• Place Community, Biosphere,
Population, Organism and Ecosystem in
order from Most Inclusive to Least
Inclusive.
• Name 2 herbivores and 2 omnivores that
live at the bottom of the Kelp Bed Habitat.
ENERGY TRANSFER
pp 366-369
• In an ecosystem energy flows:
Sun

autotrophs
producers

heterotrophs
consumer
PRODUCERS
•
•
Can make their own food through
photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Productivity: energy made by producers
(after biological processes) available to
consumers
•
•
•
gross primary productivity: rate at which
producers capture energy in organic
compounds. (Carbs, Fats, Proteins)
biomass: the amount of organic material
produced
net primary productivity: the rate at which
biomass accumulates (after some is used)
CONSUMERS
•
get energy by eating other organisms
- herbivores: eat producers
- carnivores: eat other consumers
- omnivores: eat producers and consumers
- detritivores: feed on “garbage”
- decomposers: breakdown big molecules to
smaller molecules and recycle materials
ENERGY TRANSFER
• trophic level: position in a series of energy
transfers
• Only 10% of the total energy is passed
onto the next trophic level
1. lost to biological processes
2. lost as heat
3. not enough at level above to support
below
FOOD CHAIN
single pathway that traces of energy transfer
Producer 
herbivore 
Producer 1˚ consumer
small 
carnivore
2˚
large
carnivore
3˚
FOOD WEB
• interrelated food chains
KEYSTONE SPECIES
• most dominant species
in the community
• Dictates community
structure
• Demonstrated by
removal of keystone
species from
community
What would happen to the species richness if the
keystone species is removed from the ecosystem?
Homework
• Worksheet
• Tri fold Vocab:
•
•
•
•
•
Regulator
Conformer
Ecosystem
Producers
Consumers
•
•
•
•
Biomass
Detritivore
Chemosynthesis
Trophic Level