Part -01

Modern companies are using I.S, or I.S tranforming modern business. ( you must read this part in the New reference book page 35)
I.S or I.T changes the structure of an organisation( new reference book page 117)
ERP
CRM
DSS
ESS
KM
Intranet
Extranet
E-Business
E-commerce
E-communications( e-mail, YM, Skype)
CAD/CAI
Social networking

Question with Information Systems (IS) in an Organisational
Context . ( should mention cooper and Quinn + 4 perspectives
Mechanist – organisation or department is similar to a machine. In other words like a factory.
Structuralist - organisation with defined structure.
Organist- organisation as living being that develops in an environment.
Contexualist – organisations affected by events and actions in the environment.

Organisational Impacts of I.S ( This can be used in a situation where you explain the impacts of technology in an organisation or issues)
– Downsizing
– Outsourcing
– Restructuring
– Removing management layers
– Changing and eliminating work processes
– Changed behaviours (e.g. Information sharing)
– New modes of working (e.g. ‘virtual’ and homeworking, hot-desking, mobile working etc.)

While explaining impacts of technology;
Never forget the diagram and the following;
– Influenced by TYPE and Culture of Organisation or part of organisation
– e.g. Human Relations, Open Systems, Internal
Process or Rational Goal
– Influenced by PERSPECTIVE/APPROACH
– e.g. Mechanist, Structuralist, Organicist or
Contextualist

Organisations add value by using I.S
PLEASE FOLLOW THE DIAGRAM ON THE NEXT PAGE

supplies
Firm Infrastructure
Human Resource Management
Technology Development
Procurement
OPERATIONS
Service manuf shipping
Marketing and Sales
Difference between financial
Resource used and Income
(profit or transfer to reserves)
Primary Activities

I.S strategy should be aligned to organisational strategy
Note the diagram

Customers willing to pay for value added using information
6
5
4
3
2
1
Minimise
Risks
7 6 5 4
Information used to help control business risk
3 2 1
4
5
2
3
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Reduce
Costs
Information used to enable decisions that reduce costs or to increase efficiencies in processes
Source;
Adapted from
Donald Marchand, (2000)
‘Competing with Information’ delivery methods
Create New Reality (innovation)

While answering evaluating information systems in an organisation please don’t forget this diagram.
Purpose of I.T/I.S evaluation also to be mentioned
We evaluate I.S;
• To measure tangible costs and benefits
• To endorse success
• To investigate failure
• To identify good practice
• To improve implementation process

Development and Process
Process
Costs
Use Process
User
Information
Satisfaction
SUCCESS
Quality of the IS Product
Product Benefits
Impact of IS on Organization

System
Quality
Intention to Use Use
Information
Quality
Service
Quality
User satisfaction
Net Benefits

– Information Systems and Technology can clearly affect the way an organisation is structured (its table of organisation) and the way things are done
(processes)
– Through .... automation of existing tasks, improvement of existing tasks, speeding processing and providing better information

SOME ADDITIONAL POINTS THAT YOU CAN USE IN
VARIOUS ANWERS
Technology helps the flow of information in an organisation.
For example;
The flow of information between individuals – exchange of emails.
The flow of information within an organisation – an order of the customer goes to production from the sales department.
The flow of information between organizations – information between suppliers and manufacturers.
The flow of information between individuals and organisations – a special offer from the company being sent to the customer.

How organisations add value to products/services by using I.S ?
Or organisations add value to their products and services through I.S
1. Organisations use I.S for the exchange of information.
2. Organisations use I.S for the business processes such as ordering, production, planning or payment.
3. Organisations use I.S to link internal processes with customers and suppliers.
4. Some companies sell information as outputs – for example music and videos production companies, financial consultants e.t.c.
5. Organisations use social networking sites such as MySpace,
FaceBook, e.t.c. to capture, create and distribute information among the customers.

1. Why I.S fail/succeed in some organisations? ( Diagram page 15 of the text book Fig. 1.5)
How stakeholders design an I.S project and how others react to it is important in the success or failure of an I.S in an organisation. Again, the success or failure is depending on the threats and opportunities in the external context. For example technological developments, changes in the customer demands, changes in the actions from the competitors.
2. Any question related to the stakeholders – for example managing the stakeholders is important
Please refer to page 16/17 of the text book.
3. Organisational context of information systems. ( please refer to page 19/20 of the text book)

4. What are the issues that an organisation face while implementing an I.S? ( TEXT BOOK PAGE 23/24)
What is meant by “learning organisation” – page 24 of the text book
5. While answering question of evaluation of information systems, you can use the table in the page 25 table 1.2