 Happy Monday! 
Bellwork: Fill in the chart correctly on your “Kingdom Chart” you were given on
Friday and put on Page 55 of your I.A.N. On your bellwork write “Fill in Kingdom
Chart”.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Cell Type?
(Prokaryote or Eukaryote)
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Unicellular or
Multicellular?
Unicellular
Unicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph?
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Autotroph or Heterotroph
Cell Wall?
Yes, with peptidoglycan
Yes, without peptidoglycan
Example
All Habitats
E. coli
Extreme environments
Introduction
to Bacteria
Essential Question: How do
scientists classify the
different kinds of Eukarya?
Standard: compare characteristics of
taxonomic groups including fungi and protist
(B8C)
Match the following terms.
1. Unicellular
A. Made up of 2 or
more cells
2. Autotrophic
B. Photosynthesizes or
makes its own food
3. Multicellular
4. Heterotrophic
C. Eats other organisms
D. Made up of only 1
cell
Match the following terms.
1. Unicellular
A. Made up of 2 or
more cells
2. Autotrophic
B. Photosynthesizes or
makes its own food
3. Multicellular
4. Heterotrophic
C. Eats other organisms
D. Made up of only 1
cell
Which kingdom am I?
Cases of walking pneumonia are most common
in the late summer and fall. But infections can
occur with no particular pattern throughout
the year. And, even though the disease is
contagious, it spreads slowly. The contagious
period in most cases lasts less than 10 days.
Researchers also think it takes prolonged close
contact with an infected person for someone
else to develop walking pneumonia; still, there
are widespread outbreaks every four to eight
years. When those outbreaks occur, walking
pneumonia can account for as many as one
out of every two cases of pneumonia.
Symptoms include:
•Cough that may come in violent spasms but
produce very little mucus
•Mild flu-like symptoms such as fever and chills
•Sore throat
•Headache
•Tiredness
•Lingering weakness that may persist after other
symptoms go away
•Some people with walking pneumonia may also
have an ear infection, anemia, or a skin rash.
Walking pneumonia
is often the result of a lung
infection from a bacterial
microorganism
called Mycoplasma
pneumoniae.
Halophiles
These are salt-loving
bacteria that grow in
places like the Great Salt
Lake of Utah or salt ponds
on the edge of San
Francisco Bay. Large
numbers of certain
halophiles can turn these
waters a dark pink. Pink
halophiles contain a
pigment very similar to
the rhodopsin in the
human retina. They use
this visual pigment for a
type of photosynthesis
that does not produce
oxygen. Halophiles are
aerobes and perform
aerobic respiration.
The waters of Lake Owens in California
Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Gonorrhea
Common symptoms in men include
a burning sensation when urinating,
or a white, yellow, or green
discharge from the penis that
usually appears 1 to 14 days after
infection. Most women with
gonorrhea do not have any
symptoms. Even when a woman has
symptoms, they are often mild and
include a painful or burning
sensation when urinating, increased
vaginal discharge, or vaginal
bleeding between periods. Women
with gonorrhea are at risk of
developing serious complications
from the infection, even if
symptoms are not present or are
mild.
Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease
(STD) caused by a bacterium. Gonorrhea can
grow easily in the warm, moist areas of the
reproductive tract. The bacterium can also grow
in the mouth, throat, eyes, and anus.
Thermus aquaticus: Thermophiles
These are bacteria from hot springs and other high temperature
environments. Some can grow above the boiling temperature of water.
They are anaerobes, performing anaerobic respiration.
Thermophiles are interesting because they contain genes for heat-stable
enzymes that may be of great value in industry and medicine. An
example is taq polymerase, the gene for which was isolated from a
collection of Thermus aquaticus in a Yellowstone Park hot spring. Taq
polymerase is used to make large numbers of copies of DNA sequences
in a DNA sample. It is invaluable to medicine, biotechnology, and
biological research. Annual sales of taq polymerase are roughly half a
billion dollars.
Treponema pallidum: Syphilis
The appearance of a single sore marks the first (primary)
stage of syphilis symptoms. The sore appears at the
location where syphilis entered the body. The sore is
usually firm, round, and painless. The sore lasts 3 to 6
weeks and heals regardless of whether or not a person is
treated.
Large, raised, gray or white lesions may develop in warm,
moist areas such as the mouth, underarm or groin region.
Sometimes rashes associated with secondary syphilis are
so faint that they are not noticed. Other symptoms include
fever, swollen lymph glands, sore throat, patchy hair loss,
headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue. The
symptoms of secondary syphilis will go away with or
without treatment.
Symptoms of the late stage of syphilis include difficulty
coordinating muscle movements, paralysis, numbness,
gradual blindness, and dementia. In the late stages of
syphilis, the disease damages the internal organs,
including the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels,
liver, bones, and joints. This damage can result in death.
Domain Eukaryota
KINGDOM PROTISTA
Domain Eukaryota
Kingdom
fungi
The Faces of Fungi…
Mycorrhizae
Fun-guy video facts
(See what I did there?)
• Fungi (introduction)
–You should have 3 facts
• Cordyceps
–You should have 1 fact
• Truffles
–You should have 6 facts
Protists are a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms.
They do not have much in common except that they are relatively
simple eukaryotes. They are either unicellular or multicellular without
reaching the specialized tissue level of organization.
Protists include organisms such as algae, amoebae,
protozoans, euglena, and slime molds. Protists live in almost any
environment that contains liquid water. Some protists, such as algae,
are photosynthetic, so they are autotrophs. Other protists are
heterotrophs, obtaining nutrients from their environment. Amoebae
engulf, or take into their membrane, other cells. This process is called
phagocytosis.
Most protists reproduce asexually, through a form of cell
division. Other protists engage in a form of sexual reproduction.
Some protists are responsible for diseases such as malaria in
humans and potato blight in potato plants. Research scientists are
experimenting with ways to use protists to wipe out fire ants and other
pests.
Fungi are a large group of eukaryotic organisms that
includes such organisms as yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.
Many fungi are multicellular, but some are unicellular, such as
yeast.
Some differences between fungi and other eukaryotes are at
the cellular level. Fungal cells have cell walls that contain chitin.
Fungi are heterotrophs. They take in nutrients by absorbing them
from their environment.
Fungi reproduction is complex. Many fungi reproduce both
asexually and sexually at different stages in their life cycles.
Fungal reproduction often involves the production and dispersal of
spores.
Fungi can be both harmful and helpful. Some fungi grow in
or on plants or animals causing disease, such as Dutch Elm
Disease or Ringworm. Fungi, such as the mold that the antibiotic
penicillin is made from, can help organisms by killing bacteria.
Yeast is used in the process of baking bread. Other fungi are used
to produce cheese and yogurt.
Kingdom
Fungi
Protista
Cell Type?
(Prokaryote or
Eukaryote)
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Unicellular or
Multicelluar?
Unicellular or Unicellular or
Multicellular Multicellular
Heterotroph
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Cell Wall?
Yes, chitin
Some do and
some don’t
Example
Yeast, mold,
mushroom
Algae,
euglena
Autotroph or
Heterotroph?
Fill in the chart using the information from your
notes. “Enhance” your chart using the following
colors:
Prokaryote vs Eukaryote:
•
•
Color eukaryotic boxes blue
Color prokaryotic boxes
yellow.
Unicellular vs Multicellular:
•
•
•
Color unicellular boxes
purple
Color multicellular boxes
orange
Color the both boxes half
purple and half orange.
Autotroph or Heterotroph:
•
•
•
Color heterotrophic boxes
red
Color autotrophic boxes
green
Color the both boxes half
red and half green.
Cell Wall:
•
•
•
Color the yes boxes grey
Color the no boxes light
blue
Color the both boxes half
grey and half light blue.