What’s Ahead
• Substantive Overview
• Procedural and Administrative Aspects
Substantive Overview -Three Wars and the US
• World War I
• World War I
• “The Yugoslav Wars”
– Bosnia
– Kosovo
Excluded US Wars
(19th Century)
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American Revolutionary War
War of 1812
Mexican-American War
American Civil War
Spanish-American War
Excluded US Wars
(20th Century)
• Korean War
• Vietnam War
• Gulf War
Why Include (Just) Those
Three Wars?
• Similarities
– All in 20th Century
– All in Europe
– All seen by at least some as ends of an era
• Differences -- Including a Mix of Old and New
• Not Covered Elsewhere in Upper-Level
Curriculum
– Cf. Vietnam (Indochina War seminar)
– Cf. Gulf War
Just Ahead
• Brief Description of Each War
• Comparisons and Contrasts
• Summary Analytical Question
World War I
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August 1914 to November 1918
Central Powers vs. Allied Powers
The “Associated” Power – the United States
Trenches, Machine Guns and Mustard Gas
The End of Emperors, not Empires
World War II
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September 1939 to May 1945 (in Europe)
{September 1931 to August 1945 (in Asia) }
(Western Allies and Soviets) vs. Axis
Blitzkrieg, Strategic Bombing, and Auschwitz
The End of Germany, not Europe
The Yugoslav Wars –
Bosnia and Kosovo
• April 1992 to June 1999 (?)
• Serbs vs. Croats, Muslims, and NATO
• Ethnic Cleansing, Peacekeeping, and Douhet’s
Dream Realized
• The End of Sovereignty?
The Three Wars Compared
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Started in eastern Europe
Initially involved European nation(s) only
Eventually involved US armed forces in Europe
Involved US ground troops in occupation
Fought by Democratic Presidents
The Three Wars Compared
(continued)
• Involved alliances
• Spawned or involved collective-security
organizations
• Caused extensive civilian suffering
The World Wars Did, But the
Yugoslav Wars Did Not ...
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Cause extensive civilian suffering across Europe
Involve combat across Europe (and beyond)
Begin with German troops invading other nations
Involve hundreds of thousands of US combat
deaths
• Topple multiple governments
• Involve Russian troops in combat
Summary Analytical Question:
Did the Cold War Matter?
• World Wars Preceded Cold War
• Yugoslav Wars Followed Cold War
• Are the World Wars Different from the Yugoslav
Wars, and If So How and Why?
Subsidiary Analytical
Questions
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How Do Nations Get Into Wars?
How Do We Get Into Wars?
What Is a Good Peace?
Does Law Matter?
Does Law Matter?
• Does International Law Matter?
– Alliance Treaties
– Collective-Security Organizations
– War Crimes
• Does Domestic Law Matter? -- Congress and the
President
– Woodrow Wilson and the Versailles Treaty
– FDR and the Neutrality and Lend-Lease Acts
– Bill Clinton and the War Powers Act
Procedural and Administrative
Aspects of the Course
• As a Seminar
• Simulations
• Projects (typically Papers)
Usual Aspects of the Course
(as a Seminar)
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Small Size
Weekly Meetings
Discussion
Research Papers
Grades
• 50% Class Participation
– Mostly quality of comments
– Mere attendance counts for something
– Trying counts for something
• 50% Written Project
Written Project
• Typically a Research Paper
• Two Alternatives
– Web project
– Simulation project
Substance of Research Papers
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Analytical
Substantial Research
Some Originality
Ideally blend law, history, and politics
Form of Research Papers
• 22-27 pages
• Pages have 1-inch margins top, bottom, left, and
right
• Double spaced
• 12 pt. Type in Times New Roman
• Endnotes
– don’t count towards page limit
– citations only
Schedule for Research Papers
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Topic Sentence Due: Friday, September 17th
Topic Paragraph Due: Monday, September 27th
One-Page Summary Due: Monday, October 4th
Outline Due: Monday, November 1st
Papers Due: Tuesday, November 23rd by 5 p.m.
Classes End: Friday, December 3rd
Alternatives to a Research
Paper
• Web Project
– Original content
– Hypertext
– Annotated Links
Alternatives to a Research
Paper (continued)
• Simulation Projects (cf. Whole-Class Simulations)
– Evaluation of Historical Accuracy
– “Controlled” Experiments
– Rules Additions
Scheduling (Generally)
• Regular Meetings
• Project (Papers or other projects)
• Simulations
Scheduling (Simulations)
• Two or Three Sessions (total of around 8 hours)
• Flexible Scheduling
• Nights or Weekends
Simulations
• Historical
• Complex
• Games
Description of Simulations
• Like a much-developed version of Chess or Risk
or Stratego
• Board games, with a map as the board
• Pieces, with abstractions of military units or
diplomatic influence as pieces
Why Use Simulations?
• Unusual
• Active Learning
• Interactions with Other People in the Class
Candidate Simulations (Tried
and True)
• Diplomacy
• Origins of World War II
Candidate Simulations
(Experimental)
• World War I
– Origins of World War I
– World War One
• World War II
– Atlantic Storm (WWII convoys)
– War at Sea (WWII)
– Tito
Candidate Simulations
(Experimental) (continued)
• Post-World War II
– Among Nations (general international
relations)
– Bosnian Hell
– Bosnian Storm
World War I Paper Topics
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Belgian Neutrality and British Entry
The British, the Germans, and the Law of the Sea
The Armistice and the Versailles Treaty Compared
Alliance Compliance Before and During World
War I
Interwar Paper Topics
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The Non-Versailles Peace Treaties
Inter-Allied Commissions in Germany
The German Program of Secret Rearmament
The League of Nations and United Nations-Covenant and Charter Compared
Interwar Paper Topics
(continued)
• Inter-War Naval Disarmament
• The Economic Effect of Reparations on Germany
• International Economic Cooperation Between the
Wars
• Alliance Compliance before World War II
World War II Paper Topics
• The Undeclared Naval War: Authorization and
Constitutionality
• The 1944 Election, the UN, and Constitutional
Moments
• Coordination between Britain and the US in World
War II: Legal, Moral, or Personal?
• Compliance with Three-Power Declarations from
World War II
Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics
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The Balkans from 1389 to 1992
Ethnic Cleansing in Bosnia: Who’s to Blame?
The US, the UN Charter, and the Kosovo Conflict
The UN in Bosnia and Kosovo
NATO Air Operations in the Former Yugoslavia
and the laws of war
Yugoslav Wars Paper Topics
(continued)
• Comparing the ICTFY and the ICTR
• SFOR, IFOR, the Contact Group, NATO, and the
UN: International Organizations in Bosnia 19901996
• Compliance with the Dayton Accords
• Recognizing Disunion: The Case of the Former
Yugoslavia
Computers and the Course
• Web page
• Electronic Distribution of Next Week’s Materials
• Centennia Historical Atlas
The Centennia Historical Atlas
• Electronic atlas
• Animated border changes in Europe and the
Middle East
• Installation
• Use