Matter takes up space.
All matter is made up of 4 general
properties:
Mass, Weight, Volume and Density.
Properties of matter
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/ja
ms/science/matter/properties-ofmatter.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/st
udyjams/jams/science/matter/properties-ofmatter.htm
GENERAL PROPERTIES
SPECIFIC Properties
Mass
color
Weight
texture
Volume
shape
Density
Size
Odor
Hardness
malleable, ductile
mass-amount of matter in an
object.
Weight-measure of the pull of
gravity on an object.
Volume-amount of space an
object or liquid takes up.
Density-mass per unit volume;
D=M/V
Units for mass, weight, volume and density
Mass: Kg
Weight: newtons
Volume: L for a liquid ; cm³ for a solid
Density: g/mL, Kg /KL-liquids
g/ cm³ , Kg/ m³ -solids
Weight is different from mass
To understand this, you must first understand
gravity…
Gravity is a force of attraction between objects that is
due to their masses ☺
This attraction causes objects to exert a
pull on other objects
Because all matter has mass, all matter
experiences gravity
The amount of gravitational attraction between
objects depends on two things:
1.The masses of the objects
2. The distance between them
How Mass & Distance Affect Gravity Between
Objects
Gravitational force is smaller between objects
with smaller masses that are close together
vs. larger masses close together
Smaller vs. larger masses close together
An increase in distance reduces gravitational
force between two objects
Gravitational force is smaller when further away
vs. closer together
Weight is a measure of gravitational
force exerted on an object ☺
For example: The brick vs. the sponge
Larger mass;
Larger force;
Larger weight
Smaller mass;
Smaller force;
Lower weight
Liquid Volume
• Measured in liters
• Use a graduated
cylinder
• The curve that you
see at the liquid’s
surface has a special
name meniscus ☺
Solid Volumes
Height
• 1 mL = 1 cm3 = 1 g
Width
• Measured in cubic units, such as
cm3 or m3
• Cubic means “having three
dimensions”—L X W X H
• For rectangular or square objects:
• Volume = Length x width x height
Length
Measuring an irregular solid( object )
• Graduated cylinder or over flow can, and
convert displaced water in mL to cm3
Water displacement worksheet
• Do the water displacement worksheet and
correct
ANSWERS TO WATER DISPLACEMENT
1. 9 cm³
2. 5 cm³
3. 4 cm³
4. .4 cm³
5. 3.5 cm³
6.
7. 1.8 cm³
8. 7 cm³
9.
4 cm³
10. 15 cm³
11. 3 cm³
12.
9.5 cm³
13. 8.5 cm³
14. 3 cm³
15. 3 cm³
16. .7 cm³
17.
18. 1 cm³
19. 1.1 cm³
20. 7 cm³
21. 10 cm³
22. 14 cm³
23.
24. 6 cm³
8.5 cm³
5 cm³
1 cm³
Volume lab
Measuring the Volume of
Gases
How do you measure the volume of a gas?
• You cannot: hold a ruler up to a gas
• So it’s impossible….right?
• Think again ! Gas molecules move:________________
• A gas expands to fill its container, so…
– If you know the volume of the container the gas
is in
– Then you know the volume of the gas
density
• Density is the relationship between mass and
volume.
• It is a proportion. Mass and volume need to
be calculated.
• Formula: D = m/v
• http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video
_id=93322http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.
php?video_id=93322
DENSITY PROBLEMS
m
D
v
V 
m
D
m  VD
1. A coke can has a volume of 355 mL. Its mass is 50 g.
What is its density?
2. Titanium has a density of 4.5 g/cubic cm. Mass of a titanium
Cube is 4500 g. What is its volume?
3. What is the density of a cork that has a mass of 0.24 g and a
volume of 2.0 cubic cm? D =
4. What is the mass of an ice cube that has a volume of 8.0 cubic
cm? ( density of ice is 0.92 g/cubic cm ) Mass =
Answers to problems :
D = .14 g/mL
V = 1000 cubic cm³
D = .12 cm³
M = 7.4 g
Density worksheet 1 and 2
Answers to ws. # 1:
1. .2 g/cm³
2. 1 g/mL
3. 12.72 g
4. 11.4 g/cm³
lead
5. 3.7 g/cm³
aluminum
6. 1.9 g/cm³
bone
7. .68 g/cm³
gasoline
Density worksheet # 2 answers:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
2.54 g/cm³
4.67 g/cm³
6.11 g/cm³
0.639 g/cm³
0.168 g/cm³
2.52 g/cm³
0.281 g/cm³
4.88 g/cm³
1.32 g/cm³
7.55 g/cm³
3.36 g/cm³
a) 1.398 g/ mL; b) no. Water’s density is 1 g/mL
4.046 or 4.05 g/cm³
Part 2 – phases of matter
What is not matter?
Light, Sound,Electricity. They are all forms of
energy.
Phases of matter ( or States )
What is steam? Invisible gas. The water boils at 212
degrees, and it cannot get hotter. So,the additional
energy condenses it to water droplets, or vapor.
To change water into a solid? Freeze it.
To change ice into water? Melt it.
Two Pieces of matter cannot occupy the same space at the
same time.
There are 4 States or Phases of Matter.
They are :Solid, liquid, gas and Plasma.
Short video
• http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterand
chemistry/statesofmatter/http://www.brainp
op.com/science/matterandchemistry/statesof
matter/
Image Bank
1
Solid Particles
Glass of Liquid
Liquid Particles
Gas Particles
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Solid
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Theory of Moving Particles (Kinetic-Molecular Theory)
States of Matter
Particle Distance
Solid
No Space between particles
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Particles
slide
OVER EACH OTHER
Particles are far apart
Widely Separated particles
Particle Speed
Part. vibrate in place
Particles moving around
quicker than solid.
Particles moving very fast
Fastest moving particles
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter
Bill nye video and worksheet
Solids—have a variety of shapes.
Crystalline solids—definite repeating pattern and
shape.
ex: salt, sugar, sand, snow
Amorphous solids–a solid that can flow under
certain conditions. Acts like a liquid, and loses its
shape.
ex: wax, tar, rubber, glass
Liquids------flow differently—some flow quickly, some slowly.
Viscosity—resistance of liquid to flow. Honey,
ketchup, ,lava.
Physical Property- the characteristics of a
substance that can be measured or
observed.
ex. GP, SP
Physical Change- affects the physical properties
of the substance (same substance)
Temperature and Phase Changes
Temperature—
A measure of how fast/slow the molecules are
moving in a phase of matter.
When Temp. rises, heat is being added. When
it goes down, heat is being taken away.
Phase Change:
A physical change where heat energy is added
or taken away to change form. It is STILL the
same substance.
5 Phase Changes—Physical Properties
Energy is what causes particles to move.
Adding or taking away heat energy is what
causes matter change phase. These are physical
changes.
The matter changes from 1 form to another, but
the substance is still the same.
HAND OUT: INTERNET LAB ON PHASE CHANGES
http://www.miamisci.org/af/sln/p
hases/watersolid.htmlhttp://www
.miamisci.org/af/sln/phases/wat
ersolid.html
Air Pressure in
Volleyball
Frozen pond
Freezing—Change of a liquid to a solid. (loss of heat energy).
The freezing point of a substance is = to its melting point. Water to
ice
•Melting---- Change of a solid to a liquid. (gain of heat energy). The
melting point of a substance is = to its freezing point. Ex: ice to
water
•Condensation—When a gas changes to a liquid.
( loss of heat energy) ex: steam to water
Vaporization—Change from a liquid to a gas. (gain of heat
energy)—Evaporation-at surface of liquid.
Ex: water to steam
•Sublimation---When a solid goes directly to a gas, and skips the
liquid state. (gain of heat energy) ex: dry ice, snow.
Ex: snow, dry ice, glaciers
•Deposition: when gas goes to solid, skipping liquid state.
Dry ice
water ice
In common
• Solid CO2
• Not crystal like
• Not brittle
• White
• Below freezing
• Sublimes
• - 75 degrees C
•Solid H2O molecules
•Crystal like
•Brittle
•Clear ( usually )
•Freezing pt of water
•Melts
• 0 degrees C
DRAW
endothermic
exothermic
Endothermic---gain ( absorption )
of heat energy
Exothermic-- loss ( release ) of heat
energy
Add in
And heat energy !!
Ck this out:
substa:Melting pt/freezing pt condensationpt/vaporization pt.
A
14degrees C
B
75 degrees C
C
- 45 degrees C
120 degrees C
85 degrees C
15 degrees C
1.Which is a solid at 65 degrees C?
2.What phase is B at 90 degrees C?
3. Which substance, A, B or C is a liquid at 60 degrees C?
ANSWERS:
1. B IS A SOLID AT 65 DEGREES
2. B IS A GAS AT 90 DEGREES
3. A IS A LIQUID AT 60 DEGREES
Recap of phase changes OR, changes
of state
• http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/ja
ms/science/matter/solids-liquidsgases.htmhttp://studyjams.scholastic.com/stu
dyjams/jams/science/matter/solids-liquidsgases.htm
November 26, 2012
Is
something
New
created?
PART 3:
chemical changes of matter
http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/matt
er/changes-of-matter.htm
chemical change –
the process by which a new substance is created.
Ex: brownie mix cooks—becomes brownies.
chemical reaction–
• same as a chemical change involves chemically
combining substances, to produce a new substance.
•chemical Property–
•describes how a substance changes into a new
substance
Ex: paper has the ability to burn and create ash.
SIGNS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
Is it rusting ? Ex:
Is it tarnishing?( reaction to oxygen in air) Ex:
is it Flammable? Ex: hairspray
ability to burn( oxygen supports burning, but
carbon dioxide does not!)
-- is it burning? Ex: wood on fire
-- is it giving off a gas? Ex: alka seltzer and water
Is it fizzing? Ex: alka seltzer and water
Is it changing color? Ex: leaves changing color
Is it Bubbling? Ex: alka seltzer and water
Recap of chemical and physical Properties and changes
Chem prop. Chem changes phys.Prop phys changes
brain pop -property changes – use
worksheet
http://www.brainpop.com/science
/matterandchemistry/propertycha
nges/
Gas Laws---only work with a sealed ( fixed ) amount of
gas. Volume, temp. and pressure
Boyle’s Law— Inverse Relationship between
Volume and Pressure on a fixed amount of gas.
Volume increases as Pressure decreases.
P1V1 =
P2V2
Charles’s Law--Volume varies directly with the temperature of the
gas with a fixed amount of gas.
Volume increases as Temperature increases.
V1
V2
------ = -----T1
T2
BOYLE’S GAS LAW
Volume Decreases-Pressure
Increases
CHARLES’S GAS LAW
Pressure and
Temperature
Gas law formulas:
Boyles :
Charles’s:
P1V1=P2V2
V1
V2
------ = -----T1
T2
LET’S DO GAS LAW PROBLEMS!