CHAPTER 25: LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND FINANCE Section 2: Cities and Metropolitan Areas TLW: Develop an understanding of city planning and leadership of local government. OBJECTIVES Concept 3: Functions of Government: Laws and policies are developed to govern, protect, and promote the well-being of the people. • • • • • Analyze the functions of government as defined in the Preamble to the Constitution. Examine various sources of government funding: federal—income tax, duties , excise taxes, corporate tax state—income tax, sales tax local—property tax, sales tax Describe the regulatory functions of government pertaining to consumer protection, environment, health, labor, transportation, and communication. Describe the factors and processes that determine major domestic policies (e.g., Social Security, education, health care, parks, environmental protection). CHAPTER VOCABULARY • • • • • • • • • Incorporation Charter Mayor-council government Strong-mayor government Weak-mayor government Commission government Council-manager government Zoning Metropolitan area SEC. 2: CITIES AND METROPOLITAN AREAS • Incorporation • Charter • Mayor-council government • Strong-mayor government • Weak-mayor government • Commission government • Council-manager government • Zoning • Metropolitan area HOW HAS AMERICA SHIFTED FROM A RURAL BASED SOCIETY TO AN URBAN BASED SOCIETY? 1790 Today 3.9 million people 310 million 5% of people lived in urban areas 80% of people live in urban areas Philadelphia was the nation’s largest city with 42,000 people New York City has a metropolitan population of 18.9 million Agricultural Technological WHY DID THE POPULATION SHIFT FROM RURAL TO URBAN? • Labor saving farming devices were introduced • Improvements to Transportation • Growth of the Factory Industries WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INCORPORATION AND CHARTER? • Incorporation is the process a community must under go to become an incorporated municipality • Charter is the city’s basic law • DIFFERENCE: Incorporation is what the State Latin declares a city needs to become an official city Lesson: while a charter are the basic rules of the city “in” = into “Corpus” = body HOW IS A CITY SET UP AND PLANNED? WHAT DOES ZONING MEAN? • Originally, cities were planned haphazardly • Now, federal government ties funding to planning • Zoning—dividing the city into a number of divisions or zones which regulates the property use • Residential, Commercial, Industrial • Example: a neighborhood could be zoned for single family dwellings, no apartments; deprives people of their right to pursue happiness REVIEW OF CITY ZONING • What happens to residential property values as residents are closer to industrial areas? Water? Parks? Schools? • Which zoned area below makes the most sense to you? Explain why. (red = residential; green = commercial; yellow = industrial) JAGUARS, BOBCATS, POLAR GRIZZLIES! Above: Polar Grizzly hybrid bear shot in northern Canada (Global Warming!). Above: Ask this guy’s face if a bobcat can hurt you! (Cottonwood, AZ bar March of 2009.) Left: This picture was taken on May 19th in Yuma, AZ at the Yuma Main Canal off of Avenue A (Do not try to look it up on the internet because they want to keep it a secret.). MACHO B This was trapped and later killed in Tucson 2 years ago! It had eaten 17 small children (most likely). THIS IS THE PUMA’S RANGE! • Not supposed to be in Wisconsin and Minnesota! JAGUAR’S RANGE • Oh, what do you notice? Their freaking range extends to Arizona! BOBCAT’S RANGE! • They are little but they carry rabies! WHAT YOU ARE ABOUT TO SEE IS REAL? • http://kstp.com/news/stories/s1294718.shtml?cat=1 Thanks Captain Obvious! Cougar Spotting in North Metro A north metro neighborhood is on alert after a rare confirmed sighting of a cougar. A police dash camera in Champlin actually caught the big cat (200 pounds) on tape early Saturday morning. Police have stepped up patrols in the area, and want people who live nearby to be on the lookout. Those who live near the cougar sighting say it is an area with several children and pets and they are very alarmed. "There's a cougar loose in this area? Oh my gosh!" said one resident in the area. "It is an issue for public safety when that type of animal is going through a neighborhood. It could cause a lot of problems," said Champlin Police Sgt. Chris Larrabee. SO A BOBCAT WALKS INTO A BAR… • http://www.kpho.com/video/19028342/index.html Strongmayor government Commission government Weak-mayor government Councilmanager government Write notes on these 4 concepts. Put on the back of your maps. DEFINITION OF A MAYOR-COUNCIL FORM OF GOVERNMENT. • Oldest and most widely used form of local government • STRONG mayor-council—Mayor and council (5, 7 or 9 members) is elected and then the mayor appoints the Department heads • WEAK mayor-council—Mayor and council is elected and then the council appoints the Department heads Deputy Mayor Leslie L. McClendon Mayor Alan Krieger DEFINITION OF A COMMISSION FORM OF GOVERNMENT. HISTORY BEHIND THIS FORM: Started in Galveston, TX in 1901 after a hurricane left the city in need of leadership in multiple areas. • 3 to 9 commissioners are popularly elected • Head the different departments (Mayor, Public Works, Finance, Public Safety, Education) • Problems include: No definite leadership, Try to get their department the most money DEFINITION OF A COUNCIL-MANAGER FORM OF GOVERNMENT. • A strong council of usually 5 or 7 members elected • A weak mayor chosen by the voters • A manager, chief administrative officer, appointed by the council • Simple: Council members are the policy makers and Manager is the policy administrator WHAT ARE MUNICIPAL FUNCTIONS? (CITIES SERVE THEIR RESIDENTS!) • Provide police and fire protection • Maintain streets, sidewalks, bridges, parks, play grounds, golf courses, libraries, airports, etc. • Operate water, gas, light and transportation systems • Regulate pollution, traffic, building codes, and public utilities WHAT PROBLEMS WERE CAUSED BY PEOPLE FLEEING TO SUBURBAN AREAS? WHAT IS A METROPOLITAN AREA? • Suburbs are the areas outside of the city • Starting in the 1950s rich families moved to cheaper land outside the city • Led to less spending in the city centers • Metropolitan areas are the cities and areas around them REVIEW OF MAIN CONCEPTS 1. What is a city’s basic law called? 2. In a commission form of gov’t what do the council members do? 3. Council-members or the city manager: Who would decide whether or not to pass a zoning ordinance? 4. Why would someone argue that city zoning denies people their civil liberties? 5. Cities serve their __________ and counties serve the ___________. 6. What three reasons the US population changed from a rural to an urban society? 7. What is the city and its surrounding areas called? 8. How are a suburbanites needs different from a city dwellers? SEC. 2 ASSESSMENT (P. 732) • Plan and zone a city (Any shape you want to make). • Your plan must have a key showing residential, industrial and commercial zones. • Explain why you zoned the city the way you did. There must be a method behind your madness! TEXAS EDUCATION BOARD: “BANNING SUBJECTS FROM HISTORY TEXTS…AND ADDING OTHERS!”