The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Unit XXIII
Twentieth-Century Nationalism
“The art of music above all other arts is the
expression of the soul of a nation. The composer
must love the tunes of his country and they must
become an integral part of him.”
—Ralph Vaughan Williams
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
65. The European Tradition
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Traditional music approached scientifically
Seeking authenticity
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
French: Les Six
Satie
Milhaud
Honegger
Tailleferre
Poulenc
Auric
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
Russian:
Rachmaninoff
Scriabin
Shostakovich
Prokofiev
Khachaturian
Prokofiev: Op 25, III
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
English:
Elgar
Delius
Vaughan Williams
Britten
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
German:
Hindemith
Orff
Weill
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
Hungarian:
Bartók
Kodály
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
Czech:
Janáček
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
Nordic:
Sibelius
Sibelius: Finlandia
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
National Schools
Spanish:
de Falla
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
68. Béla Bartók and the European Tradition
• Béla Bartók (1881-1945)
• Hungarian composer
• Hungarian music vs. music of
Romany (Gypsies)
• Studied folklore
• Emigrated to the U.S. in 1940
• Leukemia
• ASCAP
• Died in New York City at 64
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Bartók’s Music
• Logic and beauty of Classical form
• Musical language based on Eastern
European traditional music
• New scales, polytonal harmonic
language
• “Tyrannical rule of the major and minor
keys”
• Rhythmic innovator, changing meters,
syncopations
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra
(Listening Guide)
• Boston Symphony Orchestra
• Five movements
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I: Introduction, sonata-allegro,
pentatonic scale
II: Game of Pairs, pairs of winds
III: Elegia, nocturne
IV: Interrupted Intermezzo,
theme from Shostakovich’s
Symphony No. 7
V: Sonata-allegro form
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
69. American Musical Traditions
• Popular music in late-nineteenth-century
America
• Devotional music (spirituals and gospel hymns)
• “White spirituals”
• Shape-note system
• Parlor and minstrel songs of Stephen Foster
• Bandmaster John Philip Sousa
• Composer/businessman Charles Ives
“Armies of men… have turned to a better life by first hearing the sounds of a
Salvation Army Band. The next time you hear a Salvation Army Band, no
matter how humble, take off your hat.”
—John Philip Sousa
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Popular Music in Late 19th-Century
America
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Devotional music
– Shapte-note noation
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Stephen Foster
– Popular songs
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John Philip Sousa
– Band, dance and operetta music
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
70. Nationalism in the Americas
• Aaron Copland (1900–1990)
American composer
• Paris, Nadia Boulanger
• Jazz idioms
• Neoclassicism and 12-tone
composition
• Piano pieces, orchestral works,
ballets, film scores
“I no longer feel the need of seeking out conscious Americanism.
Because we live here and work here, we can be certain that when
our music is mature it will also be American in quality.”
—Aaron Copland
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Copland: Billy the Kid
(Listening Guide)
• William Bonney
• Ballet, later a concert
suite
• Tunes of Wild West and
Mexican dance (jarabe)
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
70. Nationalism in the Americas: Mexico
• Mexican culture draws on American Indian,
Hispanic and African cultures
• Catholic Church powerful since 1519
• Mexican composers of note:
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Manuel Ponce
Carlos Chávez
Silvestre Revueltas
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940)
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Mexican composer
Child prodigy (violin)
Studies in Mexico and the U.S.
Spanish Civil War (Loyalist)
Returned to Mexico in 1937
Died at age 40
Music is colorful and folkloric
Mexican provincial sound
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940)
“There is in me a particular interpretation of nature.
Everything is rhythm. …My rhythms are dynamic,
sensual, vital; I think in images that meet in melodic
lines, always moving dynamically.”
—Silvestre Revueltas
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Revueltas: Homenaje a Federico García
Lorca (Listening Guide)
• Chamber ensemble, small string section
I: Baile (Dance), a quick-paced, duple-meter
dance
II: Duelo (Sorrow), based on a soulful
emotional melody
III: Son (traditional dance), evocative of
mariachi ensemble
Rondo-like form, celebrates
Lorca’s life in dance
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Mexican Mariachi
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Origins in region of Jalisco
Violins, guitar, guittarón, vihuela,
trumpets, harps
Son genre combines 3 cultures
– Indigenous
– European
– African
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Son jalisciense: El Cihualteco
(Listening Guide)
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Syncopated rhythms in melody and
harmony
Alternates sung sections with instrumental
Violins and trumpets in parallel thirds
Shifting accents from duple to triple
(sesquialtera)
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition