The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Unit XIX
Absolute Forms in the Nineteenth
Century
“A symphony must be like the
world; it must embrace
everything”
-Gustav Mahler
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
52. The Romantic Symphony
• Increased orchestral size
• Lyrical themes, colorful harmonies, expanded
proportions
• Overall structure as in 18th century
• Movement order varies
Brahms: Symphony No. 1
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
53. Brahms and the Late Romantic
Symphony
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Johannes Brahms (1833–1897)
German composer
Musical family
Close friends with Roberta and
Clara Schumann
• Died at 64
Robert and Clara Schumann
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Brahms’s Music
“It is not hard to compose, but it is
wonderfully hard to let the
superfluous notes fall under the
table.” —Johannes Brahms
• Traditionalist
• Four symphonies, solo piano
and chamber music, Lieder
• Romantic tendencies
• Third Symphony: Classical and Romantic traits
Brahms: Piano Quartet No. 3
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Brahms: Symphony No. 3
in F Major (Listening Guide)
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Written at age 50
Classical in form, Romantic in tone
Cyclical structure
I: Conventional sonata-allegro
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Three-note motive (F-Ab-F)
Frei aber froh (“Free but happy”)
Motive permeates the entire symphony
• II: Andante, sonata-allegro form
• III: Waltz, ternary form
• IV: Sonata-allegro
Listening Guide PDF
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
54. The Romantic Concerto
• The Nature of the Concerto
Three-movement structure
Cadenzas
• Virtuosity and the Concerto
Vehicle for virtuosic display
Specific soloist
“We are so made
that we can
derive intense
enjoyment only
from a contrast.”
—Sigmund
Freud
Brahms: Violin Concerto
Johannes Brahms
Joseph Joachim
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Felix Mendelssohn
and the Concerto
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
• Composer, conductor, pianist
• Sister Fanny
• Preserved tradition of Classical
form
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th
Shorter Edition
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
55. The Rise of Classical Composition
in America
• European musical tradition
• New England School of composition
• Amy Beach
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Amy Cheney Beach
(1867–1944)
• American composer, educator
• Child prodigy
• Married Henry Harris Aubrey
Beach
–
Mrs. H. H.A. Beach
• Wrote large-scale and smallscale works
• European tour
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
Amy Cheney Beach (1867–1944)
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Yearly U.S. tours
Leadership positions:
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Music Educators National Conference
Music Teachers National Association
Society of American Women
Composers
Influenced by:
– Brahms and Wagner
– French Impressionism
– Folk music (Irish, Scottish, English)
The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition
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The Enjoyment of Music 10th, Shorter Edition