The way to Jewish nationalism
From segregation, to
integration, to separatism
Main trends in the 19th century
• Haskala spread in western and central Europe.
• Emancipation is achieved all over Europe (except
•
•
Russia) by the second half of the century
Jews integrate successfully into the economy,
culture and social life – in central and western
Europe
Anti-Semitic publications and organizations in
the West; Riots and anti-Jewish policy in Russia
The crisis by the turn of the century
“Where should we go now”?
Emancipation
Assimilation
Segregation
Emigration Revolutionism Nationalism
A step behind
the developments in western European societies and among Jews in Europe
The Time
European state of mind
State of minds among Jews
17 – 18 centuries
Enlightenments
segregation
Begging of Haskalah (Mendelssohn)
19 century
Nationalism and
Romantic
1848
National and
Liberal revulsions
1870’s & 1880’s
Modern Anti-Semitism
in central and western
Europe; Riots
(pogroms) in eastern
Europe
1880’s
1890’s
The Dreyfus affair in
France
Enlightenments
Assimilation
Reform
Judaism
Jewish
studies
Orthodoxy
backslash
Integrating among
European national
movements
Jewish nationalism with Messianic belief
The movement of Lover of Zion (Hibat Zion)
Herzl and The Zionist movement
The Ultra-Orthodox attitude
The Jewish malaise is the punishment of god. It will
end by a miracle redemption and the coming of the
messiah. He will come if people will continue to pray
and to observe Jewish laws and tradition
An example of Assimilation
The dimension of immigration
from the Pale of settlement
The dimension of immigration
To the United state
Immigration changes Jewish
dispersal
Revolutionism
The Jewish problem is a symptom of
the problems of humanity
Jewish Nationalism/Separatism
Five different options
Jewish socialism
The Bund
Autonomist
Territorialism
Cultural center
Political Zionism
The Bund – Jewish Socialism
• Founded in 1897
• Jewish identity and
•
•
cloture is the way to
gain the support of the
masses
In the Socialist Russia,
Jews will be recognize as
a nation
The Jews are a east
European nation
Jewish Autonomism
• The survival of the Jews
•
•
The Historian Simon Dubnow
1860-1941
as a nation depends on
their spiritual and
cultural strength
Developing "spiritual
nationhood" in the
Jewish Diaspora
Jewish communities
should maintain self-rule,
and rejected assimilation
Teritorialism
• Creation of a
Jewish territory (or
territories), not
necessarily in the
Land of Israel
Spiritual / Cultural Zionism
• The Jews should
•
Echad Ha'am, (one of the people)
Asher Ginsberg (1856 - 1927
create a center that
will project on Jewish
identity
“It’s not the Jews
problem but the
Judaism problem”