Honors Marine Biology
Ocean Resources
Module 15
April 11, 2013
Class Challenge
Sit-ups: How many can you do in
one minute?
Deep Sea Creatures
Oral Presentation
Trace, Lauren, Lucan, Joshua, Natalie, Abby
The Deep Ocean Quiz
1. True/False:
The Mesopelagic Zone supports
photosynthesis.
2. What are the light producing organs called
contained in many of the organisms living in
the Mesopelagic?
3. In the Mesopelagic Zone organisms find
food two ways: ____________________
and _____________________________
4. Define Bioluminensence:
5. The Mesopelagic Food Web
can / cannot
support its own primary production of
food.
6. True / False: The more food that sinks
into the Mesopelagic zone, the more life
it supports.
7. In the Deep Sea _______________ is
the determining factor where an
organism lives.
8. In the deep sea there is an absence of
_______________________.
9. Define Chemosynthesis:
10. Name two deep sea vent communities:
Extra Credit:
Very little is known about the creatures of
the deep. Scientists believe that they only
know about _________ %.
1. The Mesopelagic Zone supports
photosynthesis. False
2. What are the light producing organs
called contained in many of the
organisms living in the Mesopelagic?
Photophores
3. In the Mesopelagic Zone organisms find
food two ways:
Falling dead organisms and organisms
swimming into the area.
4. Bioluminesence is the production of
visible light by living organisms.
5. The Mesopelagic Food Web cannot
support its own primary production of
food.
6. True : The more food that sinks into the
Mesopelagic zone, the more life it
supports.
7. In the Deep Sea pressure is the
determining factor where an organism
lives.
8. In the deep sea there is an absence of
light.
9. Define Chemosynthesis: A process
similar to photosynthesis that bacteria
uses, but chemical energy is substituted
for solar energy. This chemical energy is
converted into energy for primary
producers.
10. Name two deep sea vent communities:
1. Black smokers 250 degrees F
2. Cold seeps that produce white
smokers. Less than 200 degrees F
(Methane seeps)
These communities “seep” out mineral-rich
water that chemosynthetic bacteria can
utilize.
Extra Credit
Very little is known about the creatures of
the deep. Scientists believe that they only
know about 5 %.
Module 15
Our study of Marine Biology through the end
of the year will be devoted to human
intervention and the sea.
The ocean provides a vast supply of
resources for people in the form of food,
chemicals, and recreation.
Food from the Sea
The food sources from the sea are:
1. Fin fish
2. Shellfish: Shrimp, crabs, clams and
Oysters
3. Seaweeds
Figure 15.1
What is consistently the highest yield?
Because the ocean is a large, extremely
productive area of the world, people look
to it as a source of renewable food.
Much of the developing world today
depends on fishing as a means of
providing an important source of protein.
Many cultures use traditional fishing
methods that have been used for
generations.
In industrialized areas of the world, human
populations are quite large, and
technology has aided in more efficient
fishing techniques.
Commercial Fisheries
Employ satellites to identify the location of
large schools of fish.
Technology has produced larger ships that
are able to remain out in the ocean for
longer periods of time taking advantage of
prime fishing seasons.
Some ships can actually process the fish
while out at sea, reducing the need to
return to port.
With technology, fish populations seem to be
dwindling.
Many fisheries employ marine biologists and
other scientists to help manage oceancreature populations to aid in preserving
the species.
Examples?
Traditionally, Japan has utilized a large percentage
of seafood as a traditional part of their diet.
While the United States are increasing their
demand because of the health benefits of
seafood.
Globally, the rising demand for fish has led to a
general increase in worldwide fisheries’ catches.
Where do you think
the best fishing is located?
Remember the Photic zone….this is where the
largest primary production is taking place.
Good fishing grounds are likely to be near coastal
regions, where rich continental shelf waters are
located. Here schools of fish can be caught as
well as bottom-dwellers such as shrimp and
clams can be harvested.
The Two most productive fishing
grounds
Are located where upwelling occurs bringing
rich nutrient-rich water to the upper areas.
Upwelling
Off the coast of Peru and Chile on the west
coast of South America.
Off the west Coast of Africa (with the
exception of areas near the equator.)
Another productive coastal situation is
where the continental shelf is exceptionally
wide. This keeps many nutrients in the
area for high rates of primary production to
occur.
The Continental Shelf only represents just
under 8% of the ocean.
These areas are located:
Near arctic waters, Near Japan and between
England, Iceland and Scandinavia.
Figure 15.2
The Two types of Commercial Fishing boats:
1. Shrimp Trawler
2. Purse seine
The Commercial Fisheries Catch
Commercial Fisheries focus on many bony and
cartilaginous fin fishes, shellfishes, and even
worms, whales, and marine plants.
About 25 to 35 % of the total commercial catch, is
of a group of fishes called clupeoid fishes.
These are small plankton-eating fishes that
move through the ocean in tremendous schools.
Anchovies, sardines, herrings, menhaden and
anchovetas are some of the most common.
Entire schools of these fish are captured using a
type of netting called a purse seine.
It is long, flat net (up to 600 m long and 20 m
deep) with weights along the bottom edge and
floats along the top. It encircles the school of
fish and the weighted end is drawn up like the
top of a drawstring purse and the fish are
trapped inside.
Other fishing methods
1.
2.
3.
4.
Purse Seine
Longlines
Gill nets
Trawl
Fishing
Mr. Wilson’s brother
15.1 Lab: Mapping Ocean
Resources
Title your world map, The Major Fishing
areas of the World.
2. Color the water along the coasts from
Taiwan and China northward to the
eastern edge of Russia dark Blue. Include
the water along the coasts of Japan and
the Sea of Japan as well.
Homework
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
Take Module 14 Test
Read Module 15 to page 362
OYO 15.1 to 15.3
Study Guide a-b 2 – 9
Class Challenge: Arm Wrestling
Quiz on Module 15 to page 362