Emily Richard
H US History B
CRM Assessment
4/26/12
THESIS: The United States citizens, living in the civil rights movements of the 1960s and 1970s,
were consequently allowed to change their attitudes to better pursue the American Dream of life,
liberty and happiness.
EVIDENCE/ DOCUMENTS
1. CALIFORNIA FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT
"THE FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT GOVERNMENT CODE SECTIONS
12900 – 12996 1." FEHC. Web. <http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf>.
GOVERNMENT CODE
SECTION 12920-12922
12920. It is hereby declared as the public policy of this state
that it is necessary to protect and safeguard the right and
opportunity of all persons to seek, obtain, and hold employment
without discrimination or abridgment on account of race, religious
creed, color, national origin, ancestry, physical disability, mental
disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital status,
sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, or sexual
orientation.
It is recognized that the practice of denying employment
opportunity and discriminating in the terms of employment for these
reasons foments domestic strife and unrest, deprives the state of the
fullest utilization of its capacities for development and
advancement, and substantially and adversely affects the interests of
employees, employers, and the public in general.
Further, the practice of discrimination because of race, color,
religion, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, sexual
orientation, marital status, national origin, ancestry, familial
status, source of income, disability, or genetic information in
housing accommodations is declared to be against public policy.
It is the purpose of this part to provide effective remedies that
will eliminate these discriminatory practices.
This part shall be deemed an exercise of the police power of the
state for the protection of the welfare, health, and peace of the
people of this state.
12920.5. In order to eliminate discrimination, it is necessary to
provide effective remedies that will both prevent and deter unlawful
employment practices and redress the adverse effects of those
practices on aggrieved persons. To that end, this part shall be
deemed an exercise of the Legislature's authority pursuant to Section
1 of Article XIV of the California Constitution.
Analysis
The document shows that the civil rights movement led to changes in legislation protecting
against discrimination to own property and hold a job. This act provides protection against
minorities and any discrimination or label on “race, religious creed, color, national origin,
ancestry, physical disability, mental disability, medical condition, genetic information, marital
status, sex, gender, gender identity, gender expression, age, or sexual orientation.” The civil
rights are provided to protect everyone so there is an equal eligibility for any opportunity. This
act shows the change to improve and better the American’s liberty in society, furthermore
improving the standards of living.
2. US Department of FHWA NOTICE Document
"Impacts of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 on FHWA Programs (N 4720.6)."
Home. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/notices/n4720-6.htm>.
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Highway Administration
NOTICE
IMPACTS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION
ACT OF 1987 ON FHWA PROGRAMS
N 4720.6
September 2, 1992
1. PURPOSE. To provide guidance to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) field
officials, State highway agencies (SHAs), their subrecipients, and contractors regarding
the nondiscrimination requirements of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987.
2. BACKGROUND
a. The Supreme Courts's decision in the case of Grove City College v. Bell, 465
U.S. 555 (1984), limited the reach of Federal agency nondiscrimination
requirements to those parts of a recipient's operation which directly benefitted
from Federal assistance. The Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 clarified the
intent of Congress to include all programs and activities of Federal-aid recipients,
subrecipients and contractors. This statute clarified the intent of Congress as it
relates to the scope of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and related
nondiscrimination statutes.
b. Nondiscrimination programs require that Federal-aid recipients, subrecipients,
and contractors prevent discrimination and ensure nondiscrimination in all of their
programs and activities, whether those programs and activities are federally
funded or not. The factors prohibited from serving as a basis for action or inaction
which discriminates include race, color, national origin, sex, age, and
handicap/disability. The efforts to prevent discrimination must address, but not be
limited to a program's impacts, access, benefits, participation, treatment, services,
contracting opportunities, training opportunities, investigations of complaints,
allocations of funds, prioritization of projects, and the functions of right-of-way,
research, planning, and design.
c. Authorities For nondiscrimination include but are notlimited to: Title VI of the
Civil Rights Act of 1964, heAge Discrimination Acts of 1967 and 1975, Section
504 of the Rehabilitation Acts of 1973, the American withDisabilities Act of
1990, Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, and Title 23, United States
Code, Section 324.
Analysis
The document illustrates the impacts of the civil rights restoration act of 1987 on FHWA
programs. Due to the programs passed by congress, the issue of discrimination is important
when addressing the federal aid provided by the government. Who the money had been
given out to had been a concern, because discrimination of sex, age and disability were
problems. The treatment and opportunities towards the people also include the civil rights
act of 1964, and other discrimination acts. This shows how even administrations of specific
programs within America shortly after the civil rights movement influenced the rules. The
impact of the passed acts improved and changed the American lives and liberty with equality.
3. This Little Light of Mine Sam Cooke
"Sam Cooke - This Little Light Of Mine Lyrics." LetsSingIt. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://artists.letssingit.com/sam-cooke-lyrics-this-little-light-of-mine-qc2kc3j>.
Amen
This little light of mine
I'm going to let it shine
This little light of mine
I'm going to let it shine
This little light of mine,
I'm going to let it shine,
Let it shine
Let it shine to show my love
Everywhere I go I'm gonna let it shine
Everywhere I go I'm gonna let it shine
Everywhere I go I'm gonna let it shine
I let it shine to show my love
Even in my home I'm gonna let is shine
I let it shine to show my love
When I see my neighbor coming I'm gonna let it shine
"This little light of mine, I'm gonna let it shine ... let it shine over the whole wide world,
I'm gonna let it shine."
Analysis
"This Little Light of Mine was a children's song and an old spiritual, reintroduced during
the Civil Rights Era as a song of personal empowerment. Its lyrics talks about the
importance of unity in the face of adversity. The song refers to the little light in the
individual; and how whether together joined or alone, each piece of light can break the
“darkness.” The song is connected with the struggles and was the anthem of the civil
rights movement. This song opened up the thoughts and opinions of individuals and
changed their attitudes in a positive way. The lives were filled with the hope the song
carried with it and the happiness that it brought along to the listeners, singers and
believers.
4. The March into the National Women's Conference (left to right) Billy Jean King, Susan B.
Anthony II, Bella Abzug, Sylvia Ortiz, Peggy Kokernot, Michele Cearcy, Betty Friedan,
1977.
"March into the National Women's Conference, 1977 - Still Image [media] | Jewish
Women's Archive." Jewish Women's Archive. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://jwa.org/node/1074>.
Analysis
The different ethnicities and races are seen above in the group of women who are
together with feminists Bella Friedan. The women carry a torch from Seneca Falls to Houston at
the site of the National Women’s Conference. The picture shows that in unison the civil rights
brought about drastic increase in women’s rights and involvement in America. The lives, liberty
and happiness are impacted successfully as the smiling women hold the American flag high with
pride and later receive the equality their generation has strived for.
5. I Am Woman Helen Reddy
Reddy, Helen. I Am Woman. 1971. Web.
CHORUS
Oh yes I am wise
But it's wisdom born of pain
Yes, I've paid the price
But look how much I gained
If I have to, I can do anything
I am strong (strong)
I am invincible (invincible)
I am woman
You can bend but never break me
'cause it only serves to make me
More determined to achieve my final goal
And I come back even stronger
Not a novice any longer
'cause you've deepened the conviction in my soul
Analysis
This song quickly became the anthem for the women’s liberation movement when it came out in
August 1971. The song had been written to empower the women who were put down and
objectified. The lyrics I am strong I am invincible and I am woman were sources of strength and
hope for the women of the time as they would listen to this popular hit. The song pursued
women to live in equality and with strength, and possess the liberty they wanted. The song gave
strength emotionally and mentally for the female population. The women followed by
continuing in the mindset that anything was possible and they could be happy and do what they
wanted with the strength that they had.
6.
Kings Dream is Recalled on King Day Article
Fletcher Roberts, Globe S. "Kings Dream is Recalled on King Day." Boston Globe (pre1997 Fulltext): 1. Boston Globe; Massachusetts Newsstand. Jan 16 1980. Web. 28 Apr. 2012 .
Gov. Edward J. King, in commemoration of the birthdate of civil rights
leader Martin Luther King, called yesterday for a return to the "fundamental
values" that have made this nation strong.
During a breakfast address honoring the slain leader, Gov. King said:
"Martin Luther King's birthday is a fitting occasion for us to dedicate
ourselves to overcoming the divisions that exist among us in these changing
times.
"We must recognize and cherish the fundamental values that have made us
strong and we must embrace the very special and basic responsibility that
we all share - the responsibility to love one another regardless of race or
creed or color or ethnic origin," King said.
Dr. King, who was struck down by an assassin's bullet in Memphis in April
1968, would have been 51 today. He is perhaps best remembered for a
1963 speech heard by more than 250,000 persons gathered around the
Lincoln Memorial in Washington in which he expounded a dream of racial
justice and harmony for all Americans.
The main speaker at the memorial breakfast, Rev. Robert Pruitt, pastor of
Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington, while noting
the "tangible gains" made by blacks and other minorities in the nearly 12
years since Dr. King's death, said that the slain leader's dream
remainsunfulfilled for many.
A quarter of a century after the US Supreme Court struck down the
"separate-but-equal" doctrine in public education, "even here, just a stone's
throw from Plymouth Rock, the evidence of this truth is being seen, felt and
heard every day," Rev. Pruitt said. "We still judge students by their address,
the texture of their hair and the color of their skin rather than by the quality
of their minds."
Addressing a memorial service at the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta,
Rosalynn Carter called for a national holiday in honor of Dr. King's birth. Mrs.
Carter told the congregation King once headed that the President, who
yesterday declared February Black History Month, also endorsed the idea of
a nationwide holiday.
While King's admirers attended the two-hour service, Atlanta police searched
for vandals who defaced the marble front of King's crypt with streaks of red,
black and green paint.
Atlanta Police Maj. W.W. Holley said no arrests had been made but he
believed the incident was a random act of vandalism and not the work of any
organized group.
Rev. Pruitt chastised the Iranian leadership, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in
particular, for its attempts to drive a wedge between black and white
Americans.
"The ayatollah's attempt to do so failed miserably," Rev. Pruitt said. "He
forgot that our internal differences, as important as they are, can fade into
almost oblivion when the very fiber of our democracy is threatened by
external forces."
Despite the disordered state in which contemporary American society finds
itself, Rev. Pruitt expressed confidence that Dr. King's vision of a more
harmonious world would not be eclipsed.
"I think that Martin, after analyzing the present ills of our society, would still
have a dream relevant to the '80s. That dream would speak to America in
very forceful terms. The dream would include an America as the leader of
the free world, using all of its resources - natural, human and technical - to
the best advantage of all people," Rev. Pruitt said.
At Harvard University's Memorial Church, Rev. Edward W. Rodman, in a
sermon honoring Dr. King's struggle, touched on Boston's "covenant of
justice, equity and harmony."
Analysis
The article reflecting Martin Luther King Day and his accomplishments shows the success of the
Civil Rights Movement and the improvement towards society. Martin Luther King made it
known that it was important to disregard race or any other discrimination. The holiday
celebrated today in America shows the justice and harmony he brought to society today. His
dream is remembered today, even if we are not perfect still. The civil rights movement brought
about a change in attitude of the Americans to better pursue equality and liberty, life and
deserved happiness for all people.
WITNESS
1.
HARVEY MILK
"The Hope Speech : Harvey Milk." Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.danaroc.com/guests_harveymilk_122208.html>.
“So if there is a message I have to give, it is that I've found one overriding thing
about my personal election, it's the fact that if a gay person can be elected, it's
a green light. And you and you and you, you have to give people hope. Thank
you very much.”
Harvey Milk was an American politician who was the first openly gay man elected to office
in California who spoke about hope and the hope that is necessary to give others strength to
do what they want, no matter who they are. The civil rights movement would be supported
by Milk because the time period gave others hope they needed to have a voice in society and
stand up for their beliefs. The movement gave people hope to follow life goals and
aspirations with full liberty and the happiness that followed.
2. MALCOLM X
"Malcolm X Speeches - After the Bombing / Speech at Ford Auditorium." Malcolm X
Online. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.malcolmxonline.com/speeches-afterbombing.html>.
Just because you're in this country doesn't make you an American. No, you've
got to go farther than that before you can become an American. You've got to
enjoy the fruits of Americanism. You haven't enjoyed those fruits. You've
enjoyed the thorns. You've enjoyed the thistles. But you have not enjoyed the
fruits, no sir. You have fought harder for the fruits than the white man has.
You have worked harder for the fruits than the white man has, but you've
enjoyed less. When the man put the uniform on you and sent you abroad, you
fought harder than they did. Yeah, I know you -- when you're fighting for them,
you can fight.
The Malcolm X Speech shows how he was an advocate for racial equality and the increase
power of the black population. The civil rights movement was obviously in support by
Malcolm X. He continued to express the necessity of the people to continue to pursue the
American Dream and the right to remain an American. The speeches gave supporters the
strength to better believe they deserved the right to life liberty and happiness just as much as
any white did.
3. BETTY FRIEDAN
"Betty Friedan Interview." PBS. PBS. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/friedan.htm>.
QUESTION: So it might be fair to say that Smith graduates before the war were thinking
about getting married and having children, getting these so-called "MRS degrees." But now
they're graduating in 1942, right in the middle of the war. And this is a time when lots of
were pouring into the labor force, because so many of the guys were in the army. Things are
different now, right?
BETTY FRIEDAN: Well, at Smith we certainly were not geared [toward] having careers.
You were going to get married, you were going to have kids and you'd be a leader, a
community leader, a leader of the volunteer effort. If you were very bright and you became
head of a department, as I did, of the psychology department, you were encouraged to go on
to graduate work. But as a women you didn't even think about discrimination. Nobody asked
you, "What do you want to be when you grow up, little girl?" but, "Oh, you're a pretty little
girl; you'll be a mommy like mommy," blah, blah, blah. Well, I knew one thing. I did not
want to be a mommy like mommy. And I understood somehow my mother's frustration. And
that it was no good not only for her, but for her children or her husband, that she didn't have a
real use of her ability.
Betty Friedan was an American writer, activist, and feminist. She was a leading figure in the
Woman’s Movement in the United States and she wrote several books that supported the
wave of American feminism in the century. She was the first president of the National
Organization for Woman to but woman in equal roles as men. Friedan would be a full
supporter of the civil rights movement. She approved the equality of all, eliminating
discrimination based on sex and other identifications. She persuaded the American citizens,
specifically women to pursue the American dream of life liberty and happiness. Society has
changed and improved as women’s opportunities have increased noticeably.
4. MARTIN SOSTRE
"The New York Review of Books." The Case of Martin Sostre by Gerald J. Gross. Web. 28 Apr.
2012. <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1972/mar/23/the-case-of-martinsostre/?pagination=false>.
Sostre has recently won two landmark legal cases involving prisoner rights: Sostre v. Rockefeller
and Sostre v. Otis. According to Sostre, these decisions constitute “a resounding defeat for the
establishment who will now find it exceedingly difficult to torture with impunity the thousands
of captive black (and white) political prisoners illegally held in their concentration camps.” In
earlier legal activity, Sostre secured religious rights for Black Muslim prisoners and also
eliminated (in the words of Federal Judge Constance Motley) some of the more “outrageously
inhuman aspects of solitary confinement in some of the state prisons.”
Martin Sostre was an American activist who was arrested in a bookstore and convicted but later
became a jailhouse lawyer. He won two legal cases involving prisoner rights and earlier secured
religious rights for Black Muslim prisoners who were mistreated. The advocate for fair rights
towards prisoners supports the civil rights movement. Sostre used his position to change the
attitude and legal rules to pursue the American dream for his life liberty and happiness as well as
others.
Works Cited
"Betty Friedan Interview." PBS. PBS. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/friedan.htm>.
"THE FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING ACT GOVERNMENT CODE SECTIONS
12900 – 12996 1." FEHC. Web. <http://www.fehc.ca.gov/act/pdf/FEHA_Outline.pdf>.
"The Hope Speech : Harvey Milk." Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://www.danaroc.com/guests_harveymilk_122208.html>.
"Impacts of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 on FHWA Programs (N 4720.6)." Home.
Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/legsregs/directives/notices/n4720-6.htm>.
"Malcolm X Speeches - After the Bombing / Speech at Ford Auditorium." Malcolm X Online.
Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.malcolmxonline.com/speeches-after-bombing.html>.
"March into the National Women's Conference, 1977 - Still Image [media] | Jewish Women's
Archive." Jewish Women's Archive. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://jwa.org/node/1074>.
"The New York Review of Books." The Case of Martin Sostre by Gerald J. Gross. Web. 28 Apr.
2012. <http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1972/mar/23/the-case-of-martinsostre/?pagination=false>.
PBS. PBS. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. <http://www.pbs.org/fmc/interviews/friedan.htm>.
Reddy, Helen. I Am Woman. 1971. Web.
"Sam Cooke - This Little Light Of Mine Lyrics." LetsSingIt. Web. 28 Apr. 2012.
<http://artists.letssingit.com/sam-cooke-lyrics-this-little-light-of-mine-qc2kc3j>.