Honors Anatomy & Physiology
CHAPTER 4: SKIN & BODY MEMBRANES STUDY GUIDE
1.
What are the functions of the body membranes?
2.
Which membranes are composed of epithelial tissue? connective tissue?
3.
Where are the 4 BODY MEMBRANE types found?
4.
Which of the 4 BODY MEMBRANES
5.

adapted for absorption and secretion?

dry?

forms two layers: visceral & parietal?

secretes a lubricating fluid?
Which serous membrane surrounds the

abdominal cavity?

heart?

lungs?
6.
Which body membrane makes up the skin?
7.
What are the 6 protective functions of the skin?
What are the other 3 functions of the skin?
8.
What kind of CELLS are most numerous in the epidermis?
9.
Name the five layers of the EPIDERMIS from deepest to superficial.
Which of these layers

contain dead cells?

contain lamellar granules? (What do these do?)

contain sacs filled with fatty material or keratin subunits?

contains living cells?

contains melanocytes?

is mitotic?

is most continuously shed?

is only found in the palms of hands and soles of feet?

is the layer we see?

provides strength and flexibility to skin?
10. What are the two main regions of the DERMIS?
Which of these

composes fingerprints?

contain pain receptors?

contain sweat and oil glands?

contains blood vessels

contains deep pressure receptors?

contains touch receptors?

is attached to the epidermis?
11. What is the HYPODERMIS (subcutaneous layer)?
12. What three factors are responsible for SKIN COLOR?
13. What two factors influence MELANIN production?
14. What causes these four alterations in skin color?

ERYTHEMA?

BLANCHING?

JAUNDICE?

BRUISES
15. Name the four APPENDAGES of the skin.
16. Sebaceous glands secrete sebum. What is the function of sebum?
When do sebaceous glands become active?
Why does hair become oily?
17. Sudoriferous glands secrete sweat. What is the function of sweat?
What are the two types of sudoriferous glands?
When does each become active?
How are their secretions different?
What causes body odor?
18. What protein composes HAIR?
What pigment determines hair color?
What are the three layers of a strand of hair from deep to superficial?
Why is hair attached to the arrector pili muscle?
19. What protein composes NAILS?
20. If nails are colorless, why do nails appear pink?
21. Identify the function(s) of fingernails.
22. What elements can cause a BURN?
23. What are the three categories of burns?
What skin layers are damaged in each?
What does each look like?
24. What is the Rule of Nines?
25. When are burns considered critical?
26. How is a benign tumor different from one that is malignant?
27. What are the three types of skin cancer?
Which type of cancer
 arises from stratum basale?
 arises from stratum spinosum?
 is believed to be sun-induced?
 is evaluated by the ABCD rule?
 is least malignant?
 is most common?
 is most deadly?
 metastasized rapidly?
28. What is the ABCD rule?