Chapter 12-3
Protein Synthesis
(Protein Building)
Review- DNA
• DNA is made of nucleotides.
– Deoxyribose sugar and phosphates make up the sides
of the DNA ladder.
– Nitrogen base pairs make up the steps of the DNA
ladder.
– The order of the nitrogen base pairs determines the
code/holds the instructions for making proteins that
determine all of our traits.
Polypeptide-chain of amino acids
Protein Review:
Amino Acid How many different
*Building Blocks?___________
types?_____
20
*2 groups of proteins: Functional and Structural
1. Functional proteins (3 types)
Enzymes Speed up chemical reactions
a.________
b. Hormones- influence organs or structures
Testosterone _______,
Estrogen
Adrenalin
Ex. ________,
________
c. Antibodies-part of immune system
2. Structural proteins- form structures in
organisms
Muscles
Bones
Skin
Ex. ________,
_______,
________
I.
RNA- Ribonucleic Acid
(the other nucleic acid)
A. Function- carries out the instructions coded
in DNA
( DNA – original RNA- copy)
B. Composed of nucleotides- (3 parts)
1. 5-carbon sugar- ribose
2. phosphoric acid ( phosphate)
3. nitrogen base- 4 types ( adenine,
cytosine, guanine and URACIL <replaces
thymine>)
C. Complementary to one side of DNA strand
Example: DNA=T-C-C-G-T-A-A-C-T-G-C-A
RNA=A-G-G-C-A-U-U-G-A-C-G-U
5. Three types of RNA
CONSTRUCTION
SITE
ribosome
uracil
Amino
acid
BLUEPRINT
G U
G
A C
C U A C
a. Messenger RNAdelivers message
from DNA to the
ribosome
DELIVERY
TRUCK
G U C
b. Ribosomal RNA
assembles AA’s
to make proteins
c.Transfer RNA
Delivers AA
To the ribosome
according
to mRNA codon
DNA
1.Sugars
2.Nitrogen Bases
3.Types and function
4.Location
RNA
Deoxyribose
AT CG
1 type- stores
Genetic info for
making proteins
Nucleus
5.Number of strands
TWO strands
6.Description
7..How do you get
it?
Original
Originally from parents
Then your cells make
It from foods you eat.
Ribose
AU CG
3 types- rRNA
tRNA, mRNA
Each has a
Specific job
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
ONE strand
Half the ladder
Copy (of DNA)
You make
Your own
D. RNA
Differs
from
DNA 7
ways
D.
C
RNA
Single Strand
DNA
Double Strand
C
G
G
A
A
U
T
RNA
Nitrogen Bases
Ribonucleic Acid
Deoxyribonucleic
Acid
DNA
Nitrogen bases