Reconstruction: Grant and the End of Reconstruction
I.
Ulysses S. Grant
a. Born in ______________
b. West Point graduate (_______________), in US Army until 1854
c. Slave owner =>
d. Worked for dad in leather shop =>
e. In Civil War, Lincoln promoted Grant =>
f. Became General in Chief, 1864
g. Difficult relationship with Johnson =>
II.
Grant Administration Scandals
a. Grant presided over . . .
b. Scandals
i. Credit Mobilier Scandal =>
ii. Congressional “salary grab” =>
iii. Treasury Department Scandal =>
iv. Erie RR Scandal =>
v. City Scandals
1. Tammany Hall ring =>
2. Big city corruption
III.
Election of 1872
a. Many people disgusted by . . .
b. Eight candidates, including splinter party =>
c. Democrats ALSO nominate ______________________!
d. Greely dies November 24, 1872 =>
e. Grant . . .
IV.
Panic of 1873
a. “Money question” =>
i. Debtors (people who ______________________ ) seek inflationary monetary policy . . .
ii. Creditors, (people to whom _____________________________) & intellectuals, support . . .
b. Specie Redemption Act of 1875
i. Country put back on . . .
ii. Favored __________________
V.
Black “Adjustment” in the South
a. Blacks in Southern Politics
i. Core voters were . . .
ii. But blacks were . . .
iii. Blacks could register and vote in state elections since ____________
b. 15th Amendment
i. Right of _________ to vote
ii. Angered women! =>
VI.
Failure of Federal Enforcement
a. Enforcement Acts of 1870 & 1871
i. First protected . . .
ii. Second allowed . . .
iii. Third increased penalties vs. those who attacked blacks & . . .
iv. Third also known as the ______________________
b. Amnesty Act of 1872 =>
i. Allowed re-enfranchisement of all but . . .
ii. Allowed white home rule =>
iii. “Solid South” =>
c. Result of Amnesty Act
i. Poll taxes =>
ii. Literacy tests, to vote =>
iii. “Grandfather clause” =>
iv. Collectively, these efforts were referred to as the ______________________
d. Jim Crow Laws
i. Segregation of races . . .
ii. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) =>
VII.
Emergence of the “New South”
a. Diversified farming
i. One crop economy broken
ii. Tenant farming =>
iii. Sharecropping =>
b. Tenancy & the Crop Lien System
i. Tenant farmer =>
ii. Furnishing merchant =>
iii. Landowner =>
VIII.
Triumph of Segregation
a. Barriers such as poll taxes, etc resulted in . . .
b. Blacks economically powerless to resist =>
c. Booker T. Washington
i. “Atlanta compromise” =>
ii. Emphasis on economics, not __________________
iii. Rejected by many as “ ______________________”
d. Civil Rights Act of 1875
i. Crime for any individual to deny . . .
ii. Prohibited discrimination in ___________________________
iii. Shortcoming =>
iv. No new civil rights act introduced for . . .
IX.
Abandonment of Reconstruction
a. Northern support waned
i. Corruption of Grant Administration
ii. __________ of 1873 =>
iii. Concern over . . .
iv. With Civil Rights Act, northerners felt . . .
v. Monetary issues took center stage
1. Should the government retire . . .
2. Should war bonds be paid back . . .
b. 1876 Election
i. One of the most disputed, vicious in history
ii. Democrat candidate =>
iii. GOP candidate =>
iv. Issues in election
1. End . . .
2. End . . .
3. Reform . . .
v. Rampant fraud in FL, LA, SC (total 19 ECV) =>
vi. Each party announced . . .
vii. All ECV votes went to . . .
viii. Back room deal
1. In return for Southern states votes . . .
2. Referred to as “Compromise of 1877”