TEAM COMPETITION
A Review for the
TEST over Unit 3a:
The Structures and Functions
of DNA and RNA
1 point round
TRUE or FALSE:
Short strands of DNA are
contained in the chromosomes
inside the nucleus of a cell
FALSE – long strands of
DNA make up
chromosomes
TRUE or FALSE:
Every DNA nucleotide
contains a sugar, a phosphate
group, and a nitrogen base
TRUE:
DNA consists of two strands of
nucleotides joined by hydrogen
bonds
TRUE or FALSE:
The long strands of nucleotides are
twisted into a double helix in both
DNA and RNA
FALSE – only in DNA do you see a
double helix
Molecules of DNA are composed
of long chains of _____________
nucleotides
What name is given to the entire
molecule shown in the diagram?
nucleotide
2 point round
The amount of guanine in an
organism always equals the amount
of ___________
cytosine
Finish this analogous relationship:
adenine : thymine :: _____: _____
guanine : cytosine
Which enzyme helps to join
nucleotides to form a
complementary strand of DNA?
DNA polymerase
TRUE or FALSE:
Complete DNA replication must
occur before a cell can divide
TRUE – you need two identical
DNA molecules to make two
identical cells
TRUE or FALSE:
In DNA replication, two
complementary strands are
duplicated.
False – only one complementary
strand is created
3 point round
TRUE or FALSE:
In DNA replication, the double
strand unwinds and unzips while it
is being duplicated
True – replication occurs along the
DNA as it unzips
TRUE or FALSE:
The DNA replication process is
aided by enzymes called DNA
mutagens
False – polymerase, helicase, and
ligase help duplicate the DNA
molecule
Which enzyme is responsible for
joining nucleotides to the exposed
DNA template bases?
polymerases
TRUE or FALSE:
RNA differs from DNA in that
RNA is single-stranded
True
TRUE or FALSE:
RNA differs from DNA in that
RNA contains a different sugar
True – RNA contains the sugar
ribose
4 point round
TRUE or FALSE:
RNA differs from DNA in that
RNA contains the nitrogen base
thymine
False – RNA contains the nitrogen
bases adenine, uracil, guanine, and
cytosine
Which nitrogen base is NOT found
in DNA?
uracil
Which nitrogen base is only found
in DNA?
thymine
DNA is chemically similar to RNA
except that its sugars have lost a(n)
__________ atom
oxygen
RNA is chemical similar to DNA
except that the base thymine is
replaced by the base called
___________.
uracil
5 point round
The function of rRNA is to help
join _______________ together in
the ribosome.
amino acids
Each nucleotide triplet in mRNA
that specifies a particular amino
acid is called a(n) ________
codon
DNA is copied by mRNA during
the process known as
________________
transcription
A strand of mRNA carries the code
CUC AAG UGC UUC.
After checking the chart shown
next, decide which four amino
acids, in order, are coded for by
this piece of mRNA?
Glu – Phe – Thr – Lys
In order for translation to occur,
mRNA must migrate to a
______________ in the cytoplasm
ribosome
6 point round
Which type of RNA carries an
amino acid to its correct codon
within the ribosome?
transfer RNA (tRNA)
During which process does the
amino acid detach from the tRNA
and attach to the end of a growing
protein?
translation
During which process does the
tRNA anticodon bind to the mRNA
codon?
translation
The assembly of proteins in a cell
takes place in the
________________
ribosomes
Proteins are long chains (polymers)
made up of ________________.
amino acids
7 point round
Along the center of a DNA
molecule, the nitrogen bases C-G
and A-T are held together by weak
_________ bonds
hydrogen
Which researcher determined that
Cytosine will always bond with
Guanine and that Adenine will bond
with either thymine in DNA or
uracil in RNA?
Chargaff
Which researcher used X-ray
diffraction and mathematical
reasoning to determine the shape of
the DNA molecule?
Franklin
Which two researchers built the
first three dimensional model of the
DNA molecule (must give both
names)?
Watson and Crick
TRUE or FALSE: A characteristic
of RNA is that it remains with the
chromosomes in the nucleus
False – mRNA can travel back &
forth between nucleus and
cytoplasm
8 point round
A characteristic of RNA is that it is
involved in translating information
in DNA into carbohydrates.
False – RNA translates DNA into
amino acids and proteins
The DNA of an organism contains
information that is used to
sequence amino acids to form
specific proteins.
The existence of different
organisms with very similar amino
acid sequences is evidence of
_____________
a common ancestor
In what 3-step order is genetic
information transformed to make a
protein?
DNA  RNA  protein
Athletes are often concerned with the
question of how much protein they
need in their diets because of the
requirement of growing muscles for
protein. Just as muscles need the basic
building block of protein, protein itself
has basic building blocks also.
What are the basic building blocks of
protein?
amino acids
Which diagram (A-D) from the
next four slides is the best
representation of a DNA molecule?
D
FREAKY
BEAST
CHALLENGE!
The category is
Human Genome Project
Decide how much your team is willing
to bet. Write it on the card and hand it
back to the teacher.
Get ready for the final challenge
question!
The 23 chromosomes in a human
cell contain roughly 25,000 genes.
How many nucleotides does it take
to make this many genes?
It takes 3 Billion nucleotides
(that’s right… all that A, T, C, and G
stuff) to make your DNA
fingerprint.